Bandwidth and Frequency Response
Naturally, high gain amplifiers cannot achieve the speed of models with low gain. Due to the special FEMTO amplifier design measurements of extremely low currents can be performed with the LCA-2-10T in real-time. Signal changes can be monitored with a rise time down to 200 ms. For applications where response time is of lower importance the built-in signal filters can be used to further improve the sensitivity and noise performance of the measurement setup. Three filter settings allow adaptation to many different signals and measurement tasks.
Applications
Sensitive Current and Charge Measurements
Spectroscopy
Scanning Microscopy of Very High Impedance Samples (STM, conductive AFM)
Photodiode Amplifier
Characterization of Electronic Components
Preamplifier for Oscilloscopes, A/D Converters, Digital Voltmeters etc.

Extremely Low Input Noise Current of 0.18 fA/√Hz
Variable Gain 1012 V/A and 1013 V/A
Variable Low Pass Filter 2 Hz, 0.3 Hz and 0.1 Hz
Optimized for DC Measurements

High Gain for Low Noise Performance
In order to attain an extremely low noise performance very high gains were chosen for the LCA-2-10T amplifier. A real transimpedance gain of 1012 V/A enables the extraordinary low input noise current of 0.18 fA/√Hz. An additional amplifier stage with a variable voltage gain of x1 and x10 was added to offer greater flexibility for varying applications and signal amplitudes. Like this an unparalleled sensitivity is achieved allowing real-time current measurements from 1 fA up to 10 pA without the need for further signal averaging.