点击查看下载三维立体PIVFlowMaster 3D粒子测速仪 高速抛射体穿透沙层的实验研究相关资料，进一步了解产品。

The dynamics associated with a long rod projectile, travelling at high velocity, penetrating a
heterogeneous target has long been an active research area. Historically both analytic and
numeric models have assumed a continuous target medium in order to predict the performance of the penetrator-target system, even in cases where the target is composed of concrete, foam or a granular porous medium such as sand. Continuum models fail to capture the complicated grain level response within the heterogeneous target which can result in asymmetric loading of the projectile leading to variations in projectile performance. In this work a series of experiments were conducted in order to investigate the penetration dynamics of loose sand, specifically with a goal of building a better understanding of the grain level dynamics. High speed photography coupled with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique were used to capture both the grain level and bulk response of the penetration event. Experiments were conducted over a velocity range of 30 to 100 m/s using both cylindrical and spherical projectiles. The results indicate that variations in the projectile size and shape effect cavity formation and that cavity formation occurs nearly 25 times slower than the projectile velocity.

     FlowMaster 3D直接由FlowMaster 2D的概念发展过来，可以测量在激光片光面内全部三个速度分量。
 三维PIV基于立体成像原理：
 两个相机从不同的角度拍摄被照亮的跟随流动的颗粒，Scheimpflug镜头布置可以使两个相机都获得聚焦成像。用一台相机，我们只能测量垂直于其光轴方向粒子位移的投影，把两个相机拍摄到的投影图像合并起来，就能够再现被测流体中粒子的真实位移。
 用这样的方法，我们就可以得到包含所有三个速度分量的完整向量。这种系统就称为立体PIV，它是通过模仿人眼立体视觉原理而发展起来的。
     自标定技术是目前在立体PIV系统中独特的专利技术，它可以修正标定靶和片光源之间的偏离，即使这个偏离很大也可以得到修正。目前在DaVis立体PIV软件包中它已经成为标准功能。利用自标定技术，通过计算粒子图像的偏移映射(地图)函数，所有测量面的位置以及片光厚度都可以获得。另外，偏移向量可以进一步修正非初始体映射函数引起的某些光学畸变。
     采用自标定技术，标定靶盘甚至无需放置被测流场中。在很多内流模型中，例如生物医学研究的流动、微管道流动或者内燃机气缸内部流动等根本不可能放置标定靶的情况，利用自标定技术就可以完成其中的三维流场的测量。
 FlowMaster Scheimpflug镜头布置
 遥控调整
 Scheimpflug 角度、
 光圈及焦距
 立体成像
 自动标定矫正
 图像畸变
 zei根本的解决方案：消除可能的标定误差
 友好的用户界面：任意放置标定靶盘，无需使标定靶盘严格对准激光片光源
 简便的扫描测量方式：所有扫描面的位置即刻获得标定结果
 离线标定：可以使初始标定面在测量体以外
 节省时间：标定准备可以离开测量现场进行