The results are in good agreement with the expected values. Some care must be taken with the sample preparation, especially with soil extracts. To reduce matrix effects, radial viewing is preferred to axial.  Furthermore,  the standards  were prepared with the same amount of acid or ammonium acetate used with  the  real  samples, to have the same nebulization efficiency  between standards and samples. Background correction was used to nearly remove spectral matrix effects. Two different sets of standards were used; one for major and the other for minor elements in order to be as accurate as possible. Sample throughput with simultaneous ICP   spectrometers, such as the PANORAMA is very high, up to 60 samples in an hour.