分析测试百科网

搜索

喜欢作者

微信支付微信支付
×

摧毁你的皮肤屏障—KLHL24基因突变研究(二)

2020.4.18
头像

王辉

致力于为分析测试行业奉献终身

第二步:验证底物

Figure 5. IF staining of pan-keratin, KRT1, keratin10 (KRT10) and loricrin on skin sections of Patient 5 and a normal control. 

综合以上基因分析及生化实验结果可知,KLHL24可作为E3泛素连接酶作用于底物KRT14,其功能获得性突变体KLHL24-∆N28会导致底物KRT14的过度降解使皮肤完整性受损。 

OK,现在我们知道了,患者之所以发生皮损,原来是角蛋白KRT14非正常大量降解所致,而这背后真正的魔手,归结于KLHL24突变。

既然KLHL24这么重要,追本溯源,那么它会不会也参与角朊细胞的分化过程呢?

为了研究KLHL24在皮肤分化中的调节作用,作者使用钙开关诱导小鼠角朊细胞分化模型。研究发现:

Figure 6. KLHL24 mRNA FISH experiment in skin samples of Patient 5: KLHL24 mRNA FISH (Magenta), KRT14 IF (Green). Arrows: upper periphery of the basal layer. Dot plot: quantification of the FISH intensity of the keratinocytes’ cytoplasmic area with positive or negative KRT14 staining respectively.

综上,表明在角朊细胞分化过程中, KLHL24表达上调并扮演了清除KRT14的角色。

体外研究告一段落,也是时候上活体小鼠模型了。

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建杂合子(Klhl24c.3G/T)及纯合子(Klhl24-/-)基因编辑小鼠(Fig.7d)(此模型小鼠由百奥赛图供应, 可以荣登Nature期刊也是荣幸之至,荣幸之至啊640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1

形态学方面:

Klhl24c.3G/T小鼠与野生型同窝鼠仔相比,呈现出更明显的与年龄相关的脱发,减重及体型小症状(Fig.7e),但是Klhl24-/-却表型正常。杂合子(Klhl24c.3G/T)及纯合子(Klhl24-/-)小鼠均没有表现出皮肤脆性。

蛋白表达方面:

提取Klhl24c.3G/T ,Klhl24-/- mice及野生型小鼠皮肤和大脑组织进行免疫共沉淀,免疫印记实验。发现皮肤组织中并无任何条带,大脑组织中则在Klhl24c.3G/T中检测到Klhl24-∆N28条带(Fig.7f)。这些结果和Human Protein Atlas的研究发现相符,即Klhl24在大脑组织中的表达量高于皮肤组织。

Fig7. (d) Illustration of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in and knockout strategies. (e) Photograph of a 20-weekold Klhl24c.3G/T male mouse (left) and its wild-type male littermate (right). (f) Cerebral tissue extracts from a Klhl24c.3G/T mouse, its wild-type littermate and a Klhl24-/- mouse were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to KLHL24 followed by immunoblotting. 

   同时,Klhl24c.3G/T小鼠皮肤样本中,Krt14含量较野生型降低(Fig. 7g–i),降低程度显著但仍高于患者皮肤Krt14含量,此现象在一定程度上解释了Klhl24c.3G/T小鼠为何没有皮肤脆性表型。

Fig7. (g) Immunoblotting using skin extracts shows a reduction in Krt14 protein levels in Klhl24c.3G/T mice in comparison to a wild-type littermate. (h) Quantification of the relative intensity of the Krt14 bands for Klhl24c.3G/T mice (n = 5) and their wild-type littermates (n = 11) from five independent experiments.(i) Immunofluorescence of Krt14 in skin sections from a Klhl24c.3G/T mouse and its wild-type littermate.

划重点

Figure 8. Schematic of the disease-causing mechanism of KLHL24 mutations. (a) Under normal condition, KLHL24 protein is tightly controlled by autoubiquitination and turnover of KRT14 by CUL3–RBX1–KLHL24 is at a low level. (b) In the EBS cases we found, KLHL24-∆N28 is stabilized through abolished autoubiquitination. Overstabilized mutant KLHL24 leads to excessive ubiquitination and degradation of KRT14. 

结语

失去了N端28个氨基酸,就可以导致KLHL24性情大变疯狂降解皮肤结构性蛋白KRT14,进而引发人体皮肤病变。所以,接下来,怎么对症下药,怎么研究E3泛素连接酶家族其他成员,是不是又有一点点思路了呢?这里小编就不多说啦,大家有兴趣可以自行查阅文献哦~


参考文献:

Feng, C., Lin, Z., Li, S., Wang, H., Yang, Y., & Tan, X. (2017). 474 Stabilizing mutations of KLHL24 ubiquitin ligase cause loss of keratin 14 and human skin fragility. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5), S82.


互联网
仪器推荐
文章推荐