13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D857-02 水中铝含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. 1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L. 1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test Method D3559), manganese (Test Method D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691). 1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 1, 2, and 4. 1.6 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water

ASTM D3557-02(2007)e1 水中镉含量的标准试验方法

The test for cadmium is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for cadmium in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the cadmium content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cadmium in water and wastewater by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows:1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine cadmium in brines. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Cadmium in Water

ASTM D4282-02 用微扩散法测定水和污水中游离氰化物的标准试验方法

This test method is useful in distinguishing between the potentially available free cyanide (total cyanide) and the free cyanide actually present. This test method provides a convenient technique for making on-site free cyanide determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of free cyanides in waters and wastewaters. Free cyanide is here defined as the cyanide which diffuses as cyanide (HCN), at room temperature, from a solution at pH 6.1.2 This test method does not include complexes that resist dissociation, such as hexacyanoferrates and gold cyanide, nor does it include thiocyanate and cyanohydrin.1.3 This test method may be applied to water and wastewater samples containing free cyanide from 10 to 150 956;g/L. Greater concentrations may be determined by appropriate dilution.1.4 This test method has been fully validated by collaborative testing as specified by Practice D 2777.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 8.6, 8.9, Section 9, and 12.2.1.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in Water and Wastewater by Microdiffusion

ASTM D3561-02(2007)e1 用原子吸收分光光度法测定微咸水,海水和盐水中锂钾和钠离子含量的标准试验方法

Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is determined by comparison of the concentrations of their dissolved constituents. The results are used to evaluate the water as a possible pollutant, or as a commercial source of a valuable constituent such as lithium.1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble lithium, potassium, and sodium ions in brackish water, seawater, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 Samples containing from 0.1 to 70000 mg/L of lithium, potassium, and sodium may be analyzed by this test method.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with artificial brine samples. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D1687-02(2007)e1 水中铬含量的标准试验方法

Hexavalent chromium salts are used extensively in metal finishing and plating applications, in anodizing aluminum, and in the manufacture of paints, dyes, explosives, and ceramics. Trivalent chromium salts are used as mordants in textile dyeing, in the ceramic and glass industry, in the leather industry as a tanning agent, and in photography. Chromium may be present in wastewater from these industries and may also be discharged from chromate-treated cooling waters. The hexavalent state of chromium is toxic to humans, animals, and aquatic life. It can produce lung tumors when inhaled and readily induces skin sensitization. However, it is not known whether cancer will result from ingestion of chromium in any of its valence states.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Three test methods are included as follows:Test Method Concentration RangeSectionsA-Photometric Diphenyl- carbohydrazide0.01 to 0.5 mg/LB-Atomic Absorption, Direct0.1 to 10 mg/LC-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 g/L1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without regard to valence state.1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution, treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2 and Note 5 and Note 6.

Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water

ASTM D1687-02 水中铬含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Three test methods are included as follows:Concentration RangeSectionsTest Method A-Photometric Diphenyl- carbohydrazide0.01 to 0.5 mg/L7-15Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Direct0.1 to 10 mg/L16-24Test Method C-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 956;g/L25-231.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without regard to valence state.1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution, treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets NPDES permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2 and Note 5 and Note 6.

Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water

ASTM D4382-02(2007)e1 用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法对水中钡的标准试验方法

Barium ranks about sixth in order of abundance in nature; however, it is normally found in only trace quantities in drinking water. Consumption, inhalation, or absorption of 500 to 600 mg is considered fatal to human beings.3 Lower levels may result in disorders of the heart, blood vessels, and nerves. The drinking water standards set the maximum contaminant level for barium as 2 mg barium/L.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable barium in most waters and wastewaters.1.2 This test method was evaluated in the range from 33.5 to 132 g/L of barium. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by direct aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with waste treatment plant effluent water, lake water, filtered tap water, and well water. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the suitability of the test method for other matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace

ASTM D3972-02 用放射化学法测量水中同位素铀的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to measure the radioactivity of uranium isotopes in environmental waters or waters released to the environment, and to determine whether the uranium-isotope concentrations are below the maximum amounts allowable by any regulatory statute.1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-particle-emitting isotopes of uranium in water by means of chemical separations and alpha pulse-height analysis (also known as alpha-particle spectrometry). Uranium is chemically separated from a water sample by coprecipitation with ferrous hydroxide, anion exchange, and electrodeposition. The test method applies to soluble uranium as well as to any uranium that might be present in suspended matter in the water sample. This test method is applicable for uranium processing effluents as well as substitute ocean water. When suspended matter is present, an acid dissolution step is added to assure that all of the uranium dissolves. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Isotopic Uranium in Water by Radiochemistry

ASTM D3866-02 水中银含量的标准测试方法

1.1 These test methods cover the atomic absorption determination of silver in water. Three test methods are given as follows: ConcentrationRange SectionsTest Method A8212;Atomic Absorp-tion-Chelation-Extraction 1 to 10 956;g/L7 to 15Test Method B8212;Atomic Absorp-tion-Direct0.1 to 10 mg/L16 to 24Test Method C8212;Atomic Absorp-tion-Graphite Furnace 1 to 25 956;g/L25 to 33ASimilar to that in Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fishman, M. J.," Methods for Collection and Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases," Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1, 1970, p. 46.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 3, Note 5, Note 9, and Note 13.

Standard Test Methods for Silver in Water

ASTM D1126-02 水硬度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in water by titration. This test method is applicable to waters that are clear in appearance and free of chemicals that will complex calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test method is approximately 2 to 5 mg/L as CaCO3; the upper limit can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions and that due to magnesium ions by this test method.1.2 This test method was tested on reagent water only. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water

ASTM D5904-02 用紫外线、过硫酸盐氧化物和薄膜导电率检测法测定水中总含碳量、有机碳和无机碳的标准试验方法

This test method is used for determination of the carbon content of water from a variety of natural, domestic, and industrial sources. In its most common form, this test method is used to measure organic carbon as a means of monitoring organic pollutants in high purity and drinking water. These measurements are also used in monitoring waste treatment processes. The relationship of TOC to other water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total oxygen demand (TOD) is described in the literature.5 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 to 30 mg/L of carbon. Higher levels may be determined by sample dilution. The test method utilizes ultraviolet-persulfate oxidation of organic carbon, coupled with a CO2 selective membrane to recover the CO2 into deionized water. The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured and related to carbon concentration in the oxidized sample. Inorganic carbon is determined in a similar manner without the requirement for oxidation. In both cases, the sample is acidified to facilitate CO 2 recovery through the membrane. The relationship between the conductivity measurement and carbon concentration is described by a set of chemometric equations for the chemical equilibrium of CO2, HCO3- , H+, and the relationship between the ionic concentrations and the conductivity. The chemometric model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the specific conductances.1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on relatively small volumes of sample. Also, use of two measurement channels allows determination of CO2 in the sample independently of organic carbon. Isolation of the conductivity detector from the sample by the CO2 selective membrane results in a very stable calibration, with minimal interferences.1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent water spiked with sodium bicarbonate and various organic materials. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The injector opening size generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be introduced.1.5 In addition to laboratory analyses, this test method may be applied to on line monitoring.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon, and Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection

ASTM D3645-02 水中铍含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:ConcentrationRange SectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct10 to 500 956;g/L7 to 16Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace10 to 50 956;g/L17 to 251.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12 and 23.4.

Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

ASTM D3557-02 水中镉含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cadmium in water and wastewater by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows: Concentration Range SectionsTest Method A8212;Atomic Absorption, Direct0.05 to 2.0 mg/L7 to 15Test Method B8212;Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction5 to 200 956;g/L16 to 24Test Method C8212;Differential PulseAnodic Stripping Voltammetry1 to 100 956;g/L25 to 34Test Method D8212;Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace2 to 10 956;g/L35 to 43 1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine cadmium in brines. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Cadmium in Water

ASTM D4382-02 用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法对水中钡的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable barium in most waters and wastewaters.1.2 This test method was evaluated in the range from 33.5 to 132 956;g/L of barium. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by direct aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with waste treatment plant effluent water, lake water, filtered tap water, and well water. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the suitability of the test method for other matrices.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace

ASTM D3372-02(2007)e1 水中钼含量的标准测试方法

Molybdenum can be found in waste that results from chemical cleaning of components in which the metal is alloyed. National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits or other standards, or both, require monitoring pollutants in waste discharged onto the water shed of, or into, navigable waters, and those disposed of in such a manner that eventual contamination of underground water could result. This test method affords an accurate and sensitive means of determining compliance with those permits.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable molybdenum in most waters, wastewaters, and brines by atomic absorption spectroscopy.1.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 1 to 25 g/L of molybdenum. The range may be extended by dilution of the sample.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with natural and reagent waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Note 3 and Note 9.

Standard Test Method for Molybdenum in Water

ASTM D3561-02 用原子吸收分光光度法测定微咸水,海水和盐水中锂钾和钠离子含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble lithium, potassium, and sodium ions in brackish water, seawater, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 Samples containing from 0.1 to 70 000 mg/L of lithium, potassium, and sodium may be analyzed by this test method.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with artificial brine samples. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D4193-02 水中硫氰酸盐含量的标准试验方法

Many natural waters contain thiocyanate from organic decomposition products and waste water discharges. Some industrial wastes, such as those from the steel industry, petroleum refining, and coal gasification, may contain significant concentrations of thiocyanate. Thiocyanate per se is not recognized as a toxic chemical compound. However, when chlorinated, thiocyanate is converted to the highly toxic and volatile cyanogen chloride. 5.1.1 For information on the impact of cyanogen compounds, see Appendix X1 of Test Method D 2036.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved thiocyanate in water, waste water, and saline water in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. For higher concentrations, use an aliquot from the diluted sample.1.2 This test method has been used successfully with reagent grade, natural, and treated sanitary effluent waters. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method on any untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Thiocyanate in Water

ASTM D1691-02(2007)e1 水中锌含量的标准试验方法

Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body growth. Concentrations above 5 mg/L can cause a bitter astringent taste and opalescence in alkaline waters. The zinc concentration of U.S. drinking waters varies between 0.06 and 7.0 mg/L with a mean of 1.33 mg/L. Zinc most commonly enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galvanized iron and dezincification of brass. Zinc in water also may result from industrial water pollution.3 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of zinc in water. Two test methods are given as follows:Test MethodConcentration RangeSectionsA-Atomic Absorption, Direct0.05 to 2 mg/LB-Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction20 to 200 g/L1.2 Either dissolved or total recoverable zinc may be determined.1.3 These test methods have been used successfully with reagent grade water. See the specific test method for applicability to other matrices. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of these test methods in other matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and Note 5, Note 8, and Note 13. 1.4 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix x1 for historical information.

Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water

ASTM D6764-02 从明渠中采集水温、溶解氧浓度、具体电导性和PH值的标准指南

1.1 This guide describes procedures to collect cross-sectional means of temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific electrical conductance, and pH of water flowing in open channels.1.2 This guide provides guidelines for preparation and calibration of the equipment to collect cross-sectional means of temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific electrical conductance, and pH of water flowing in open channels.1.3 This guide describes what equipment should be used to collect cross-sectional means of temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific electrical conductance, and pH of water flowing in open channels.1.4 This guide covers the cross-sectional means of temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific electrical conductance, and pH of fresh water flowing in open channels.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Collection of Water Temperature, Dissolved-Oxygen Concentrations, Specific Electrical Conductance, and pH Data from Open Channels

ASTM D3223-02(2007)e1 水中总贡含量的标准试验方法

The presence of mercury in industrial discharge, domestic discharge, and potable water is of concern to the public because of its toxicity. Regulations and standards have been established that require the monitoring of mercury in water. This test method provides an analytical procedure to measure total mercury in water.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in water in the range from 0.5 to 10.0 956;g Hg/L (1). The test method is applicable to fresh waters, saline waters, and some industrial and sewage effluents. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.1.1 The analyst should recognize that the precision and bias of this standard may be affected by the other constituents in all waters, as tap, industrial, river, and wastewaters. The cold vapor atomic absorption measurement portion of this method is applicable to the analysis of materials other than water (sediments, biological materials, tissues, etc.) if, and only if, an initial procedure for digesting and oxidizing the sample is carried out, ensuring that the mercury in the sample is converted to the mercuric ion, and is dissolved in aqueous media (2,3).1.2 Both organic and inorganic mercury compounds may be analyzed by this procedure if they are first converted to mercuric ions. Using potassium persulfate and potassium permanganate as oxidants, and a digestion temperature of 95176;C, approximately 100 % recovery of organomercury compounds can be obtained (2,4).1.3 The range of the test method may be changed by instrument or recorder expansion or both, and by using a larger volume of sample.1.4 A method for the disposal of mercury-containing wastes is also presented (Appendix X1) (5).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.8 and 10.8.2.

Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Water