13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4192-97 原子吸收分光光度法对水中钾含量的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of potassium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is 0.20 to 4.0 mg/L when using the 766.5-nm resonance line. The range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by using the less-sensitive 404.4-nm resonance line. Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for potassium levels to 0.02 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer systems available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.02-mg/L range. 1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method to other low dissolved solids matrices. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.

Standard Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM F1779-97 报告目观测水中油含量的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers methods of reporting and recording visual observations of oil on water and related activities and phenomena. 1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil on water from an airplane or helicopter. While a similar set of codes could be used for classifying oil on beaches, this subject is not discussed in this practice. It does not cover the use use of remote-sensing equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in a separate standard. 1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a variety of environmental and geographical situations. 1.4 Visual observations of oil on water from the air involve a number of safety issues associated with the operation of airplanes or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the hazards of such operations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water

ASTM D5174-97 用脉冲激光磷光光度法测定水中微量铀的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total uranium in water in the range of 0.05 ppb or greater. Samples with uranium levels above the laser phosphorimeter dynamic range may be diluted to bring the concentration to a measurable level. 1.2 This test method was used successfully with reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Trace Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry

ASTM D2972-97 水中砷的试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the photometric and atomic absorption determination of arsenic in most waters and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows: Concentration Sections Range Test Method A-Silver Diethyldithio- 5 to 250 [mu]g/L 7 to 15 carbamate Colorimetric Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, 1 to 20 [mu]g/L 16 to 24 Hydride Generation Test Method C-Atomic Absorption, 5 to 100 [mu]g/L 25 to 33 Graphite Furnace 1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 1 and 5.

Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water

ASTM D4191-97 原子吸收分光光度法对水中钠含量的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line. Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range. 1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D4327-97 用化学压缩离子色谱法对水中阴离子的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the sequential determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, ortho -phosphate, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate ions in water by chemically suppressed ion chromatography. Note 1-Order of elution is dependent upon the column used; see Fig. 1. 1.2 This test method is applicable to drinking and waste waters. The ranges tested for this test method for each anion were as follows (measured in mg/L): Fluoride 0.26 to 8.49 Chloride 0.78 to 26.0 Nitrite-N 0.36 to 12.0 Bromide 0.63 to 21.0 Nitrate-N 0.42 to 14.0 o-Phosphate 0.69 to 23.1 Sulfate 2.85 to 95.0 1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for other matrices. 1.4 Concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/L were determined depending upon the anions to be quantitated, in single laboratory work. Utilizing a 50-[mu]L sample volume loop and a sensitivity of 3 [mu]S/cm full scale, the approximate detection limits shown in Table 1 can be achieved. If lower detection levels are required, the sensitivity may be improved by using a lower scale setting (lt;3 [mu]S/cm) or a larger sample injection loop (>100 [mu]L). The analyst must assure optimum instrument performance to maintain a stable baseline at more sensitive conductivity full-scale settings. 1.5 The upper limit of this test method is dependent upon total anion concentration and may be determined experimentally as described in Annex A1. These limits may be extended by appropriate dilution or by use of a smaller injection volume. 1.6 Using alternate separator column and eluents may permit additional anions such as formate or citrate to be determined. This is not the subject of this test method. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography

ASTM D2460-97 水中镭的放射性标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the separation of dissolved radium from water for the purpose of measuring its radioactivity. While all radium isotopes are included, the test method is limited to alpha-emitting radioisotopes by choice of radiation detector. The most important of these isotopes are radium-223, radium-224, and radium-226. The lower limit of concentration to which this test method is applicable is 1 pCi/L; it may be applied to higher concentration by reduction of sample size. 1.2 This test method may be used for absolute measurements by calibrating with a suitable alpha emitting radioisotope such as radium-226, or for relative methods by comparing measurements with each other. Mixtures of radium isotopes may be reported as equivalent radium-226. Information is also provided from which the relative contributions of radium isotopes may be calculated. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> For a specific precautionary statement, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Radium in Water

ASTM D3645-97 水中铍含量的试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters: Concentration Range Sections Test Method A-Atomic Absorption, 10 to 500 [mu]g/L 7 to 16 Direct Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, 10 to 50 [mu]g/L 17 to 25 Graphite Furnace 1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12, 23.4, and Notes 2, 6, 7, and 9.

Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

ASTM D3865-97 水中钚的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-particle-emitting isotopes of plutonium concentrations over 0.01 Bq/L (0.3 pCi/L) in water by means of chemical separations and alpha pulse-height analysis (alpha-particle spectrometry). The isotopes, 239Pu, 240Pu, and 238Pu, are chemically separated from a 1-L water sample by coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide, anion exchange and electrodeposition. The test method applies to soluble plutonium and to suspended particulate matter containing plutonium. In the latter situation, an acid dissolution step is required to assure that all of the plutonium dissolves.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Plutonium in Water

ASTM F1779-97(2003) 报告目观测水中油含量的标准操作规程

This practice can be used by surveillance and tracking staff to report visual observations to the clients of visual observations. The data produced from such observations will provide the basis for preparing maps of the oil-slick location. This practice provides a procedure for reporting the visual observation of oil on water in a systematic manner and in a common format that can be readily understood by both observers and users of visual oil-spill observation maps. This practice deals with the possibility that materials other than oil might be confused with oil when using visual observation methods.1.1 This practice covers methods of reporting and recording visual observations of oil on water and related activities and phenomena. 1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil on water from an airplane or helicopter. While a similar set of codes could be used for classifying oil on beaches, this subject is not discussed in this practice. It does not cover the use use of remote-sensing equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in a separate standard. 1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a variety of environmental and geographical situations. 1.4 Visual observations of oil on water from the air involve a number of safety issues associated with the operation of airplanes or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the hazards of such operations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water

ASTM D3454-97 水中镭-226含量的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of soluble, suspended, and total radium-226 in water in concentrations above 3.7 X 10 -3 Bq/L. This test method is not applicable to the measurement of other radium isotopes. 1.2 This test method may be used for quantitative measurements by calibrating with a radium-226 standard, or for relative measurements by comparing the measurements made with each other. 1.3 This test method does not meet the current requirements of Practice D 2777. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is very hazardous and should be used in a well-ventilated hood. Wear rubber gloves, safety glasses or goggles, and a laboratory coat. Avoid breathing any HF fumes. Clean up all spills promptly and wash thoroughly after using HF. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the other safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Radium-226 in Water

ASTM D6146-97(2012) 集水区水溶氮监测标准指南

The user of this guide is not assumed to be a trained technical practitioner in the water quality field. The guide is an assembly of the components common to all aspect of watershed nutrient monitoring and fulfills a need in the development of a common framework for a better coordinated and a more unified approach to nutrient monitoring in watersheds. Limitations8212;This guide does not establish a standard procedure to follow in all situations and it does not cover the detail necessary to meet all of the needs of a particular monitoring objective. Other standards and guides included in the references describe the detail of the procedures.1.1 Purpose8212;This guide is intended to provide general guidance on a watershed monitoring program directed toward the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The guide offers a series of general steps without setting forth a specific course of action. It gives assistance for developing a monitoring program but not a program for implementing measures to improve water quality. 1.2 This guide applies to waters found in streams and rivers; lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; estuaries; wetlands; the atmosphere; and the vadose and subsurface saturated zones (including aquifers). This guide does not apply to nutrients found in soils, plants, or animals. 1.3 Nutrients as used in this guide are intended to include nitrogen and phosphorus in dissolved, gaseous, and particulate forms. Specific species of nitrogen include: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, organic, total Kjeldahl, and nitrous oxide. The species of phosphorus include total, total dissolved, organic, acid-hydrolyzable, and reactive phosphorus as described in (2) 1.4 Safety8212;Health and safety practices developed for a project may need to consider the following: 1.4.1 During the construction of sampling stations: 1.4.1.1 Drilling practices during monitoring well installations, 1.4.1.2 Overhead and underground utilities during monitoring well drilling, 1.4.1.3 Traffic patterns/concerns during sampling station installation, 1.4.1.4 Traffic patterns/concerns during surveying sampling station locations and elevations, 1.4.1.5 Drilling through materials highly contaminated with fertilizers, and 1.4.1.6 Installing monitoring equipment below the soil surface. 1.4.2 During the collection of water samples: 1.4.2.1 Using acids for sample preservation, 1.4.2.2 Sampling during flooding events and ice conditions, 1.4.2.3 Traffic on bridges, 1.4.2.4 Condition of sampling stations following flood events, 1.4.2.5 Sampling of water or soils, or both, highly contaminated with fertilizers, 1.4.2.6 Conditions of sampling stations resulting from vandalism, 1.4.2.7 Adverse weather conditions, and 1.4.2.8 Transporting liquid samples. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds

ASTM D6146-97(2002) 检测分水界水溶氮的标准指南

1.1 Purpose8212;This guide is intended to provide general guidance on a watershed monitoring program directed toward the plant nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The guide offers a series of general steps without setting forth a specific course of action. It gives assistance for developing a monitoring program but not a program for implementing measures to improve water quality. 1.2 This guide applies to waters found in streams and rivers; lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; estuaries; wetlands; the atmosphere; and the vadose and subsurface saturated zones (including aquifers). This guide does not apply to nutrients found in soils, plants, or animals.1.3 Nutrients as used in this guide are intended to include nitrogen and phosphorus in dissolved, gaseous, and particulate forms. Specific species of nitrogen include: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, organic, total Kjeldahl, and nitrous oxide. The species of phosphorus include total, total dissolved, organic, acid-hydrolyzable, and reactive phosphorus as described in (2)1.4 Safety8212;Health and safety practices developed for a project may need to consider the following:1.4.1 During the construction of sampling stations:1.4.1.1 Drilling practices during monitoring well installations,1.4.1.2 Overhead and underground utilities during monitoring well drilling,1.4.1.3 Traffic patterns/concerns during sampling station installation,1.4.1.4 Traffic patterns/concerns during surveying sampling station locations and elevations,1.4.1.5 Drilling through materials highly contaminated with fertilizers, and1.4.1.6 Installing monitoring equipment below the soil surface.1.4.2 During the collection of water samples:1.4.2.1 Using acids for sample preservation,1.4.2.2 Sampling during flooding events and ice conditions,1.4.2.3 Traffic on bridges,1.4.2.4 Condition of sampling stations following flood events,1.4.2.5 Sampling of water or soils, or both, highly contaminated with fertilizers,1.4.2.6 Conditions of sampling stations resulting from vandalism,1.4.2.7 Adverse weather conditions, and1.4.2.8 Transporting liquid samples.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Monitoring Aqueous Nutrients in Watersheds

ASTM D3875-97 微咸水,海水和盐水中碱含量的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of alkalinity in brackish water, seawater, and brines. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Alkalinity in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D3972-97 用放射化学法测量水中同位素铀的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of alpha-particle-emitting isotopes of uranium in water by means of chemical separations and alpha pulse-height analysis (also known as alpha-particle spectrometry). Uranium is chemically separated from a water sample by coprecipitation with ferrous hydroxide, anion exchange, and electrodeposition. The test method applies to soluble uranium as well as to any uranium that might be present in suspended matter in the water sample. This test method is applicable for uranium processing effluents as well as substitute ocean water. When suspended matter is present, an acid dissolution step is added to assure that all of the uranium dissolves. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Isotopic Uranium in Water by Radiochemistry

ASTM D4025-97 报告地下喷射的水中沉积物的检验和分析结果的规程

1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the various results of examination and analysis to determine the composition of deposits formed from water for subsurface injection are to be reported. 1.2 All analyses shall be made in accordance with the test methods of ASTM, unless otherwise specified. Note 1-While reporting of inorganic constituents in water-formed deposits as specified in Practice D933 is sufficient for certain industries, this practice provides for the reporting of organic and biological materials as well as inorganic constituents. Note 2-Consistent with practices in industries where subsurface injection of water is practiced, reporting includes specifying of inorganic constituents as probable molecular combinations of the species for which analyses are performed. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection

ASTM D5173-97(2007) 用化学氧化、紫外光氧化、两者共用或气相无弥散红外线(NDIR)或电解传导性与高温燃烧法即时监测水中碳化合物的标准试验方法

Accurate measurement of organic carbon in water at low and very low levels is of particular interest to the electronic, pharmaceutical, and steam power generation industries. Elevated levels of organics in raw water tend to degrade ion exchange resin capacity. Elevated levels of organics in high purity water tend to support biological growth and, in some cases, are directly detrimental to the processes that require high purity water. In the case of steam power generation, naturally occurring organics can become degraded to CO2 and low molecular weight organic acids that, in turn, are corrosive to the process equipment. Their effect on conductivity may also cause water chemistry operating parameters to be exceeded, calling for plant shutdown. In process water in other industries, organic carbon can signify in-leakage of substances through damaged piping and components, or an unacceptable level of product loss. In wastewater treatment, organic carbon measurement of influent and in-process water can help adjust optimize treatment schemes. Measurement of organic carbon at discharge may contribute to regulatory compliance. 1.1 This test method covers the selection, establishment, and application of monitoring systems for carbon and carbon compounds by continual sampling or continuous flow-through, automatic analysis, and recording or otherwise signaling of output data. The system chosen will depend on the purpose for which it is intended (for example, regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user to adverse trends) and on the type of water to be monitored (low purity or high purity, with or without suspended particulates, purgeable organics, or inorganic carbon). If it is to be used for regulatory compliance, the test method published or referenced in the regulations should be used in conjunction with this test method and other ASTM test methods. The test method covers carbon concentrations of 10 g/L to 5000 mg/L.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Carbon Compounds in Water by Chemical Oxidation, by UV Light Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conductivity

ASTM D3559-96 水中铅含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows:

Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water

ASTM D5997-96(2005) 通过紫外线,过硫酸盐氧化作用,膜导电位检测对水中总碳,无机碳在线监测的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for detecting and determining organic and inorganic carbon impurities in water from a variety of sources including industrial water, drinking water, and waste water. Measurement of these impurities is of vital importance to the operation of various industries such as power, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, drinking water treatment, and waste treatment. Semiconductor and power applications require measurement of very low organic carbon levels (TOC < 1 μg/L). Applications in pharmaceutical industries range from USP purified water (TOC < 500 μg/L) to cleaning applications (500 μg/L < TOC < 50 000 μ g/L). Drinking waters range from < 100 μg/L to 25 000 μ g/L and higher. Some of these applications may include waters with substantial ionic impurities as well as organic matter. Measurement of inorganic carbon as well as total organic carbon is highly important to some applications, such as in the power industry. Continuous monitoring and observation of trends in these measurements are of interest in indicating the need for equipment adjustment or correction of water purification procedures. Refer to Annex A1 for additional information regarding the significance of this test method.1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 g/L to 50 000 g/L of carbon. Higher carbon levels may be determined by suitable on-line dilution. This test method utilizes ultraviolet-persulfate oxidation of organic carbon coupled with a CO2 selective membrane to recover the CO 2 into deionized water. The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured and related to carbon concentration in the oxidized sample using calibration data. Inorganic carbon is determined in a similar manner without the requirement for oxidation. In both cases, the sample is acidified to facilitate CO2 recovery through the membrane. The relationship between the conductivity measurement and carbon concentration can be described by a set of chemometric equations for the chemical equilibrium of CO 2, HCO3 , H +, and OH , and the relationship between the ionic concentrations and the conductivity. The chemometric model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the specific conductances resulting in linear response of the method over the stated range of TOC. See Test Method D 4519 for a discussion of the measurement of CO2 by conductivity.1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on relatively small volumes of sample. Also, the use of two measurement channels allows determination of IC in the sample independently of organic carbon. Isolation of the conductivity detector from the sample by the CO2 selective membrane results in a very stable calibration with minimal interferences.1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent water spiked with sodium carbonate and various organic compounds. This test method is effective with both deionized water samples and samples of high ionic strength. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous matter in the sample that can ......

Standard Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection

ASTM D5997-96(2000) 使用紫外线,过硫酸盐氧化和薄膜导电性检测法在线监测水中总碳量和无机碳量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of total carbon (TC), inorganic carbon (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC) in water in the range from 0.5 g/L to 50 000 g/L of carbon. Higher carbon levels may be determined by suitable on-line dilution. This test method utilizes ultraviolet-persulfate oxidation of organic carbon coupled with a CO2 selective membrane to recover the CO2 into deionized water. The change in conductivity of the deionized water is measured and related to carbon concentration in the oxidized sample using calibration data. Inorganic carbon is determined in a similar manner without the requirement for oxidation. In both cases, the sample is acidified to facilitate CO 2 recovery through the membrane. The relationship between the conductivity measurement and carbon concentration can be described by a set of chemometric equations for the chemical equilibrium of CO2, HCO3-, H +, and OH -, and the relationship between the ionic concentrations and the conductivity. The chemometric model includes the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants and the specific conductances resulting in linear response of the method over the stated range of TOC. See Test Method D4519 for a discussion of the measurement of CO2 by conductivity.1.2 This test method has the advantage of a very high sensitivity detector that allows very low detection levels on relatively small volumes of sample. Also, the use of two measurement channels allows determination of IC in the sample independently of organic carbon. Isolation of the conductivity detector from the sample by the CO2 selective membrane results in a very stable calibration with minimal interferences.1.3 This test method was used successfully with reagent water spiked with sodium carbonate and various organic compounds. This test method is effective with both deionized water samples and samples of high ionic strength. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This test method is applicable only to carbonaceous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The inlet system generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be introduced. Filtration may also be used to remove particles, however, this may result in removal of organic carbon if the particles contain organic carbon.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Monitoring of Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, Persulfate Oxidation, and Membrane Conductivity Detection