13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4025-08a 报告地下喷射的水中沉积物的检验和分析结果的标准方法

This practice sets down the manner in which data obtained from other test methods should be reported. This is done in an effort to standardize the report form used.1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the various results of examination and analysis to determine the composition of deposits formed from water for subsurface injection are to be reported. 1.2 All analyses shall be made in accordance with the test methods of ASTM, unless otherwise specified. Note 18212;While reporting of inorganic constituents in water-formed deposits as specified in Test Methods D 4412 is sufficient for certain industries, this practice provides for the reporting of organic and biological materials as well as inorganic constituents. Note 28212;Consistent with practices in industries where subsurface injection of water is practiced, reporting includes specifying of inorganic constituents as probable molecular combinations of the species for which analyses are performed. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection

ASTM D1253-08 水中残余氯的标准试验方法

Chlorine is used to destroy or deactivate a variety of unwanted chemicals and microorganisms in water and wastewater. An uncontrolled excess of chlorine in water, whether free available or combined, can adversely affect the subsequent use of the water.1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual chlorine in water by direct amperometric titration. 1.2 Within the constraints specified in Section 6, this test method is not subject to commonly encountered interferences and is applicable to most waters. Some waters, however, can exert an iodine demand, usually because of organic material, making less iodine available for measurement by this test method. Thus, it is possible to obtain falsely low chlorine readings, even though the test method is working properly, without the user's knowledge. 1.3 Precision data for this test method were obtained on estuary, inland main stem river, fresh lake, open ocean, and fresh cooling tower blowdown water. Bias data could not be determined because of the instability of solutions of chlorine in water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for untested types of water. 1.4 In the testing by which this standard was validated, the direct and back starch-iodide titrations and the amperometric back titration, formerly part of this standard, were found to be unworkable and were discontinued in 1986. Historical information is presented in Appendix X1. Note 18212;Orthotolidine test methods have been omitted because of poor precision and accuracy. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water

ASTM D5463-08 水中无机成分测量用整套试验工具使用的标准指南

Inorganic constituents in water and wastewater must be identified and measured to support effective water quality monitoring and control programs. Currently, one of the simplest, most practical and cost effective means of accomplishing this is through the use of chemical test kits and refills. A more detailed discussion is presented in ASTM STP 1102. Test kits have been accepted for many applications, including routine monitoring, compliance reporting, rapid screening, trouble investigation, and tracking contaminant source. Test kits offer time-saving advantages to the user. They are particularly appropriate for field use and usually are easy to use. Users do not need to have a high level of technical expertise. Relatively unskilled staff can be trained to make accurate determinations using kits that include a premixed liquid reagent, premeasured reagent (tablets, powders, or glass ampoules), and premeasured sample (evacuated glass ampoules).1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the use of test kits for quantitative determination of analytes in water and wastewater. Test kits are available from various manufacturers for the determination of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water, surface or ground waters, domestic and industrial feedwaters and wastes, and water used in power generation and steam raising. See Table 1 for a listing of some of the types of kits that are available for various inorganic analytes in water. 1.2 Ranges, detection limits, sensitivity, accuracy, and susceptibility to interferences vary from kit to kit, depending on the methodology selected by the manufacturer. In some cases, kits are designed to replicate exactly an official test method of a standard-setting organization such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Public Health Association (APHA), ASTM, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In other cases, minor modifications of official test methods are made for various reasons, such as to improve performance, operator convenience, or ease of use. Adjustments may be made to sample size, reagent volumes and concentrations, timing, and details of the analytical finish. In yet other cases, major changes may be made to the official test method, such as the omission of analytical steps, change of the analytical finish, omission of reagents, or substitution of one reagent for another. Reagents in test kits are often combined to obtain a fewer number and make the test easier to use. Additives may also be used to minimize interferences and to make the reagent more stable with time. A kit test method may be based on a completely different technology, not approved by any official or standard-setting organization. Combinations of test kits—multi-parameter test kits—may be packaged to satisfy the requirements of a particular application conveniently. The test kits in such combination products may be used to make dozens of determinations of several parameters. 1.3 Test kit reagent refills are commonly available from manufacturers. Refills permit cost savings through reuse of the major test kit components. 1.4 Because of the wide differences among kits and methodologies for different analytes, universal instructions cannot be provided. Instead, the user should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular kit. 1.5 A test kit or kit component should not be used after the manufacturer''s expiration date; it is the user''s responsibility to determine that the performance is satisfactory. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safet......

Standard Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic Constituents in Water

ASTM D4785-08(2013)e1 水中碘放射性同位素低水平分析的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed for measuring low levels of radioactive iodine in water. The results of the test may be used to determine if the concentration of several radioisotopes of iodine in the sample exceeds the regulatory statutes for drinking water. With a suitable counting technique, sample size, and counting time, a detection limit of less than 0.037 Bq/L (1 pCi/L) is attainable by gamma-ray spectroscopy. This method was tested for8201;131I . Other iodine radioisotopes should behave in an identical manner in this procedure. However, other iodine radioisotopes have not been tested according to Practice D2777. The user of this method is responsible for determining applicability, bias, and precision for the measurement of other iodine radioisotopes using this method. 5.2 This procedure addresses the analysis of iodine radioisotopes with half-lives greater than 2 hours, which include 8201;121I, 8201;123I, 8201;124I, 8201;125I, 8201;126I, 8201;129I, 8201;130I, 8201;131I, 8201;132I, 8201; 133I, and 8201;135I. 1.1 This test method covers the quantification of low levels of radioactive iodine in water by means of chemical separation and counting with a high-resolution gamma ray detector. Iodine is chemically separated from a 4-L water sample using ion exchange and solvent extraction and is then precipitated as cuprous iodide for counting. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, Section 9, and 13.2.11.

Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water

ASTM D5811-08(2013) 水中锶-90的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of8201;90Sr in non-process water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of8201;90Sr in environmental samples. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive8201;90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

ASTM D3352-08a 微咸水、海水和盐水中锶离子含量的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to determine strontium ions in brackish water, seawater, and brines.1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble strontium ion in brackish water, seawater, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1.2 Samples containing from 5 to 2100 mg/L of strontium may be analyzed by this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D4193-08(2013)e1 水中硫氰酸盐含量的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is useful for analysis of many natural waters that contain thiocyanate from organic decomposition products and waste water discharges. Some industrial wastes, such as those from the metallurgical processing of gold ores, steel industry, petroleum refining, and coal gasification, may contain significant concentrations of thiocyanate. Thiocyanate per se is not recognized as a toxic chemical compound. However, when chlorinated, thiocyanate is converted to the highly toxic and volatile cyanogen chloride at high pH. Oxidation of thiocyanate may also release toxic hydrogen cyanide. The user of the method is advised to perform holding time studies in accordance with Practice D4841 whenever oxidants are present in the samples. 5.1.1 For information on the impact of cyanogens and cyanide compounds, see Appendix X1 of Test Method D2036. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative colorimetric laboratory measurement of dissolved thiocyanate in water, waste water, and saline water in the range from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L. For higher concentrations, use an aliquot from the diluted sample. 1.1.1 Validation—This test method was validated over the range of 0.07 to 1.42 mg/L. This test method was validated at nine laboratories at four levels. This test method may be valid for reporting results down to lower levels as validated in individual user laboratories. 1.1.2 Application—This test method has been validated in reagent water, Type II, in multiple laboratories and 7 natural waters, 1 laboratory effluent, 1 steel mill effluent, and 2 dechlorinated and treated sanitary effluents in single laboratories. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method on any untested matrices. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Thiocyanate in Water

ASTM D3645-08 水中铍含量的标准试验方法

These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters: Concentration Range Sections Test Method A–Atomic Absorption, Direct10 to 500 μg/L 7 to 16 Test Method B–Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace10 to 50 μg/L17 to 25 1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12 and 23.4. 7.1 This test method is applicable in the range from 10 to 500 μg/L of beryllium. The range may be extended upward by dilution of the sample. 7.2 The precision and bias data were obtained on reagent water, tap water, salt water, river water, lake water, spring water, and untreated wastewater. The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 17.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters. 17.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 10 to 50 μg/L of beryllium using a 20-μL injection. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by direct-aspiration atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. 17.3 This test method has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, river water, well water, filtered tap water, and a condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure validity of this test method to waters of untested matrices. 17.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult Practice D 3919 for a general discussion of interferences and sample analysis procedures for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

ASTM D4107-08(2013) 饮用水中氚含量的试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed for measuring tritium in water to determine if the concentration exceeds the regulatory statutes of drinking water. This test method also is applicable for the determination of tritium concentration in water as required by technical specifications governing the operations of nuclear power facilities. With suitable counting technique, sample size, and counting time a detection limit of less than 37 Bq/L (1000 pCi/L) is attainable by liquid scintillation. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of tritium in drinking water by liquid scintillation counting of the tritium beta particle activity. 1.2 This test method is used successfully with drinking water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for untested water matrices. 1.3 The tritium concentrations, which can be measured by this test method utilizing currently available liquid scintillation instruments, range from less than 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL) to 555 Bq/mL (158201;000 pCi/mL) for a 10-mL sample aliquot. Higher tritium concentrations can be measured by diluting or using smaller sample aliquots, or both. 1.4 The maximum contaminant level for tritium in drinking water as given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR) is 0.740 Bq/mL (20 pCi/mL). The NIPDWR lists a required detection limit for tritium in drinking water of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL), meaning that drinking water supplies, where required, should be monitored for tritium at a sensitivity of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL). In Appendix X1, Eq X1.3 is given for determining the necessary counting time to meet the required sensitivity for drinking water monitoring. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Tritium in Drinking Water

ASTM D3559-08 水中铅含量的试验方法

The test for lead is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for lead in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the lead content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows: Concentration Range Sections Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct1.0 to 10 mg/L 7 to 15 Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction100 to 1000 μg/L16 to 24 Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry1 to 100 μg/L25 to 35 Test Method D—Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 μg/L36 to 44 1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines. Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and a production plant process water. 1.3 It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11, 23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1. 7.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in most waters and wastewaters. 7.2 The test method is applicable in the range from 1.0 to 10 mg/L of lead. The upper limits of detectability can be increased to concentrations greater than 10 mg/L by dilution of the sample. 17.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in most waters and brines. 17.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 100 to 1000 μg/L of lead. The range may be extended upward by dilution of the samples. 27.1 This test method describes the determination of lead in water and waste waters using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. 27.2 This test method is applicable up to a concentration of 100 μg/L lead. Higher concentrations can ......

Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water

ASTM D2972-08 水中砷含量的标准试验方法

Herbicides, insecticides, and many industrial effluents contain arsenic and are potential sources of water pollution. Arsenic is significant because of its adverse physiological effects on humans.1.1 These test methods cover the photometric and atomic absorption determination of arsenic in most waters and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows: Concentration RangeSections Test Method A—Silver Diethyldithio- carbamate Colorimetric5 to 250 μg/L 7 to 15 Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, Hydride Generation1 to 20 μg/L16 to 24 Test Method C—Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 μg/L25 to 33 1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1 and Note 6. 7.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable arsenic in most waters and waste waters in the range from 5 to 250 μg/L of arsenic. 7.2 The precision and bias data were obtained on reagent water, river water, and process water. The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 17.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable arsenic in most waters and wastewaters in the range from 1 to 20 μg/L of arsenic. The range may be extended by dilution of the sample. 17.2 The precision and bias data were obtained on reagent water, tap water, salt water, river water, and untreated wastewater. The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 27.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable arsenic in most waters and wastewaters. 27.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 5 to 100 μg/L of arsenic using a 20-μL injection. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by the atomic absorption-hydride method.......

Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water

ASTM D4190-08 用直流氩等离子体原子辐射分光光度技术测定水中素的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP). 1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters. 1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1. 1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis Element PSolutions for Analysis, μg/L 1 2 3 Al 50 100 190 Be 50 5001000 B 50 5001000 Cd1000 50 500 Cr 5001000 50 Co 50 5001000 Cu1000 50 500 Fe 5001000 50 Pb 500 2001000 Mn 800 50 300 Hg 5001000 200 Ni 50

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM D1886-08 水中镍含量的标准试验方法

Elemental constituents in potable water, receiving water, and wastewater need to be identified for support of effective pollution control programs. Test Methods A, B, and C provide the techniques necessary to make such measurements. Nickel is considered to be relatively nontoxic to man and a limit for nickel is not included in the EPA National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The toxicity of nickel to aquatic life indicates tolerances that vary widely and that are influenced by species, pH, synergistic effects, and other factors. Nickel is a silver-white metallic element seldom occur-ring in nature in the elemental form. Nickel salts are soluble and can occur as a leachate from nickel-bearing ores. Nickel salts are used in metal-plating and may be discharged to surface or ground waters.1.1 These test methods , , cover the atomic absorption determination of nickel in water and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows: Concentration Range Sections Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 0.1 to 10 mg/L 7-16 Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction 10 to 1000 μg/L 17-26 Test Method C—Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace 5 to 100 μg/L 27-36 1.2 Test Methods A, B, and C have been used successfully with reagent grade water and natural waters. Evaluation of Test Method C was also made in condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process. It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for other matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Note 4, 11.7.1, 21.9, 23.7, and 23.10. 1.5 Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information. 7.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable nickel and has been used successfully with reagent water, tap water, river water, lake water, ground water, a refinery effluent, and a wastewater. 7.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 0.1 to 10 mg/L of nickel. The range may be extended upward by dilution of the sample. 17.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable nickel and has been used successfully with reagent water, tap water, river water, artificial seawater and a synthetic (NaCl) brine. 17.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 10 to 1000μ g/L of nickel. The range may be exten......

Standard Test Methods for Nickel in Water

ASTM D1426-08 水中氨态氮的标准试验方法

Nitrogen is a nutrient in the environment and is necessary to sustain growth of most organisms. It exists in several forms such as nitrate, nitrite, organic nitrogen such as proteins or amino acids, and ammonia. Ammonia is a colorless, gaseous compound with a sharp distinctive odor. It is highly soluble in water where it exists in a molecular form associated with water and in an ionized form as NH4+. The extent of association or ionization is dependent on the temperature and pH. It may also be toxic to aquatic life. The extent of toxicity is dependent upon species and extent of dissociation. Ammonia may occur in water as a product of anaerobic decomposition of nitrogen containing compounds or from waste streams containing ammonia.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of ammonia nitrogen, exclusive of organic nitrogen, in water. Two test methods are included as follows: Sections Test Method A—Direct Nesslerization 7 to 15 Test Method B—Ion Selective Electrode16 to 24 1.2 Test Method A is used for the routine determination of ammonia in steam condensates and demineralizer effluents. 1.3 Test Method B is applicable to the determination of ammonia nitrogen in the range from 0.5 to 1000 mg NH3N/L directly in reagent and effluent waters. Higher concentrations can be determined following dilution. The reported lower range is based on multiple-operator precision. Lower limits have been obtained by two of the twelve laboratories participating in the round robin. 1.4 Both test methods A and B are applicable to surface and industrial waters and wastewaters following distillation. The test method for distillation given in Appendix X1 has been used in the past to meet requirements for predistillation of samples being analyzed for ammonia. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The distillation method now appears as Appendix X1 and is provided as nonmandatory information only. The automated colorimetric phenate method has been discontinued. 7.1 This test method is suitable for the rapid routine determination of ammonia nitrogen in steam condensates and demineralized water. See Appendix X1 for the distillation test method. 16.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of ammonia in reagent and effluent water.

Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water

ASTM D6581-08 悬浮离子色谱法测定饮用水中溴酸盐、亚溴酸盐、氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐的标准试验方法

The oxyhalides chlorite, chlorate, and bromate are inorganic disinfection by-products (DBPs) of considerable health risk concern worldwide. The occurrence of chlorite and chlorate is associated with the use of chlorine dioxide, as well as hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. The occurrence of bromate is associated with the use of ozone for disinfection, wherein naturally occurring bromide is oxidized to bromate. Bromide is a naturally occurring precursor to the formation of bromate.1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using this method for each analyte were as follows: RangeSections Test Method A: Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography8 to 18 Chlorite20 to 500 µg/L Bromate5 to 30 µg/L Bromide20 to 200 µg/L Chlorate20 to 500 µg/L Test Method B: Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography19 to 29 Chlorite20 to 1000 µg/L Bromate1 to 30 µg/L Bromide20 to 200 µg/L Chlorate20 to 1000 µg/L 1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of this test method. 1.2 It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 This test method is technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior t......

Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

ASTM D5462-08 水中低水平溶解氧在线测量的标准试验方法

DO may be either a corrosive or passivating agent in boiler/steam cycles and is therefore controlled to specific concentrations that are low relative to environmental and wastewater treatment samples. Out-of-specification DO concentrations may cause corrosion in boiler systems, which leads to corrosion fatigue and corrosion products—all detrimental to the life and efficient operation of a steam generator. The efficiency of DO removal from boiler feedwater by mechanical or chemical means, or both, may be monitored by continuously measuring the DO concentration before and after the removal process with on-line instrumentation. DO measurement is also a check for air leakage into the boiler water cycle. Guidelines for feedwater to high-pressure boilers with all volatile treatment generally require a feedwater DO concentration below 5 μg/L (3). Boiler feedwater with oxygenated treatment is maintained in a range of 50 to 300 μg/L DO (4). In microelectronics production, DO can be detrimental in some manufacturing processes, for example, causing undesirable oxidation on silicon wafers.1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water samples primarily in ranges from 0 to 500 μg/L (ppb), although higher ranges may be used for calibration. On-line instrumentation is used for continuous measurements of DO in samples that are brought through sample lines and conditioned from high-temperature and high-pressure sources when necessary. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.5.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Low-Level Dissolved Oxygen in Water

ASTM D1245-08 用化学显微镜作水沉积物的检验的标准实施规程

Chemical composition of water-formed deposits is a major indicator of proper or improper chemical treatment of process water, and is often an indicator of operational parameters as well, for example, temperature control. This practice allows for rapid determination of constituents present in these deposits, particularly those indications of improper water treatment, since they usually have very distinctive and easily recognized optical properties. This practice, where applicable, eliminates the need for detailed chemical analysis, which is time-consuming, and which does not always reveal how cations and anions are mutually bound. Qualitative use of this practice should be limited to those deposits whose control is generally known or predictable, based on treatment and feedwater mineral content, and whose constituents are crystalline, or in other ways optically or morphologically distinctive. If these criteria are not met, other techniques of analysis should be used, such as Practice D 2332 or Test Methods D 3483, or both. Quantitative use of this practice should be limited to estimates only. For more precise quantitative results, other methods should be used (see 5.3).1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the examination of water-formed deposits by means of chemical microscopy. This practice may be used to complement other methods of examination of water-formed deposits as recommended in Practices D 2331 or it may be used alone when no other instrumentation is available or when the sample size is very small. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Examination of Water-Formed Deposits by Chemical Microscopy

ASTM F1779-08 报告目观测水中油含量的标准实施规程

This practice can be used by surveillance and tracking staff to report visual observations. The data produced from such observations will provide the basis for preparing maps of the oil-slick location. This practice provides a procedure for reporting the visual observation of oil on water in a systematic manner and in a common format. This practice deals with the possibility that materials other than oil might be confused with oil when using visual observation methods.1.1 This practice covers methods of reporting and recording visual observations of oil on water and related response activities. 1.2 This practice applies only to visual observations of oil on water from an airplane or helicopter. While a similar set of codes could be used for classifying oil on beaches, this subject is not discussed in this practice. It does not cover the use of remote-sensing equipment from aircraft, which is discussed in a separate standard. This does not include observations of dispersed oil. 1.3 This practice is applicable for all types of oil under a variety of environmental and geographical situations. 1.4 Visual observations of oil on water from the air involve a number of safety issues associated with the operation of airplanes or helicopters at low altitudes. These are not dealt with in this practice, but the observer should be aware of the hazards of such operations. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Reporting Visual Observations of Oil on Water

ASTM D4191-08 原子吸收分光光度法对水中钠含量的标准试验方法

Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure. Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabolism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets. The use of sodium salts is common in industry; therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace amounts of sodium are of concern.1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line (see Test Method D 3561). Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range. 1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D4195-08 反渗透和纳滤膜水质分析的应用的标准指南

The performance of RO or NF membranes is strongly influenced by the composition of the feed solution. Overall salt rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to polyvalent ions as well as the sum total of ions present. The permeate flow rate of RO or NF devices is also dependent upon the sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature, pressure, and recovery rate. Analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide vital data for salt rejection and permeate flow projections of RO or NF systems for specific feedwaters. The recovery at which a RO or NF system can be safely operated is dependent upon the composition of the feed solution. The analyses and measurements performed inthis guide will provide data for the calculation of the maximum recovery of a RO or NF system for a given feed solution. The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will be of great assistance in determining the pretreatment requirements for a RO or NF system on a given feedwater.1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered. 1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters. 1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application