13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5174-07(2013) 用脉冲激光磷光光度法测定水中痕量铀的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is useful for the analysis of total uranium in water following wet-ashing, as required, due to impurities or suspended materials in the water. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total uranium, by concentration, in water within the calibrated range of the instrument, 0.1 μg/L or greater. Samples with uranium by mass, levels above the laser phosphorimeter dynamic range are diluted to bring the concentration to a measurable level. 1.2 This test method was used successfully with reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Trace Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry

ASTM D3697-07 水中锑含量的标准试验方法

Because of the association with lead and arsenic in industry, it is often difficult to assess the toxicity of antimony and its compounds. In humans, complaints referable to the nervous system have been reported. In assessing human cases, however, the possibility of lead or arsenic poisoning must always be borne in mind. Locally, antimony compounds are irritating to the skin and mucous membranes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable antimony in water by atomic absorption spectroscopy.1.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 1 to 15 g/L of antimony. The range may be extended by less scale expansion or by dilution of the sample.1.3 The precision and bias data were obtained on reagent water, tap water, salt water, and two untreated wastewaters. The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Antimony in Water

ASTM D857-07 水中铝含量的标准试验方法

Although there is little information available concerning the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, the American Water Works Association has established a water quality guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), some permits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring of aluminum may be desirable. Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion exchange capacity or consume boiler water treatment chemicals added to stoichiometrically chelate hardness ions (that is, calcium and magnesium) in boiler feed water. Aluminum is monitored in cooling water make-up, since its presence may result in deactivation of anionic substances in scale or corrosion inhibitor treatment chemicals, or both. Deactivation may result in decreased performance of inhibitors.1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D 1886), chromium (Test Methods D 1687), cobalt (Test Methods D 3558), copper (Test Methods D 1688), iron (Test Methods D 1068), lead (Test Method D 3559), manganese (Test Method D 858), and zinc (Test Methods D 1691).1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3. 1.6 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water

ASTM D2460-07 水中镭的阿尔法粒子幅射同位素用标准试验方法

Radium is one of the most radiotoxic elements. Its isotope of mass 226 is the most hazardous because of its long half-life. The isotopes 223 and 224, although not as hazardous, are of some concern in appraising the quality of water. The alpha-particle-emitting isotopes of radium other than that of mass 226 may be determined by difference if radium-226 is measured separately, such as by Test Method D 3454. Note that one finds 226Ra and 223Ra together in variable proportions (5, 6), but 224Ra does not normally occur with them. Thus, 223Ra often may be determined by simply subtracting the 226Ra content from the total: and if 226Ra and 223Ra are low, 224Ra may be determined directly. The determination of a single isotope in a mixture is less precise than if it occurred alone.1.1 This test method covers the separation of dissolved radium from water for the purpose of measuring its radioactivity. Although all radium isotopes are separated, the test method is limited to alpha-particle-emitting isotopes by choice of radiation detector. The most important of these radioisotopes are 223Ra, 224Ra, and 226Ra. The lower limit of concentration to which this test method is applicable is 3.7 x 10-2 Bq/L (1 pCi/L).1.2 This test method may be used for absolute measurements by calibrating with a suitable alpha-emitting radioisotope such as 226Ra, or for relative methods by comparing measurements with each other. Mixtures of radium isotopes may be reported as equivalent 226Ra. Information is also provided from which the relative contributions of radium isotopes may be calculated.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Radium in Water

ASTM D6520-06 挥发和半挥发性有机复合物分析用水及其液面上的固相微萃取的标准实施规程

This practice provides a general procedure for the solid-phase microextraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from an aqueous matrix or its headspace. Solid sorbent extraction is used as the initial step in the extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying or screening for extractable organic compounds. Typical detection limits that can be achieved using SPME techniques with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (MS) range from mg/L to μg/L. The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the aqueous matrix, the fiber phase, the sample temperature, sample volume, sample mixing, and the determinative technique employed. SPME has the advantages of speed, no desorption solvent, simple extraction device, and the use of small amounts of sample. 5.3.1 Extraction devices vary from a manual SPME fiber holder to automated commercial device specifically designed for SPME. 5.3.2 Listed below are examples of organic compounds that can be determined by this practice. This list includes both high and low boiling compounds. The numbers in parentheses refer to references at the end of this standard.

Standard Practice for the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) of Water and its Headspace for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

ASTM D2580-06 气、液相色谱法测定水中苯酚的标准试验方法

Phenolic compounds are sometimes found in surface waters from natural and industrial sources. Chlorination of such waters may produce odoriferous, objectionable tasting chlorophenols. These compounds may include o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol.4 1.1 This test method covers a direct aqueous injection procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenols, cresols, and mono- and di-chlorophenols in water.1.2 The precision and bias of the test method has been calculated from the results of interlaboratory analyses of three master solutions, each containing phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol.1.3 The test method may be applied to waste water or concentrates that contain more than 1 mg/L of phenolic compounds. Therefore, for a comparison with Test Methods D 1783, see .1.4 The analyst should recognize that precision statements provided in and may not apply to waters of other matrices.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 0.

Standard Test Method for Phenols in Water by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

ASTM D513-06 水中二氧化碳溶解量和总量的标准试验方法

Carbon dioxide is a major respiration product of plants and animals and a decomposition product of organic matter and certain minerals. The atmosphere averages about 0.04 vol % of CO2. Surface waters generally contain less than 10 mg/L, except at local points of abnormal organic or mineral decomposition; however, underground water, particularly deep waters, may contain several hundred mg/L. When dissolved in water, CO2 contributes significantly to corrosion of water-handling systems. This is particularly troublesome in steam condensate systems. Loss of CO2 from an aqueous system can disturb the carbonate equilibrium and result in calcite encrustation of confining surfaces. Scaling of water heaters is a good example. Because of the delicate balance between corrosion and encrustation tendencies, much care must be given to control of CO2 and related species in water systems. Recarbonation of municipal supplies during final stages of softening and amine neutralization of steam condensate are applied for these purposes.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of total or dissolved carbon dioxide present as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion in water:RangeSectionsTest Method A (Gas Sensing Electrode)2 to 800 mg/L8 to 15Test Method B (CO2 Evolution, Coulometric Titration)5 to 800 mg/L16 to 241.2 Carbon dioxide may also be detected from carbonates present in particulates in samples.1.3 Test Method A is applicable to various natural waters and brines.1.4 Test Method B is applicable to natural waters, brines, and various industrial waters as delineated in 16.4.1.5 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods on waters of untested matrices.1.6 Several test methods were discontinued from this standard in 1988. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Water

ASTM D2036-06 水中氰化物的标准测试方法

Cyanide is highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and in surface waters (Appendix X1). Test Method D is applicable for natural water and clean metal finishing or heat treatment effluents. It may be used for process control in wastewater treatment facilities providing its applicability has been validated by Test Method B or C. The spot test outlined in Annex A1 can be used to detect cyanide and thiocyanate in water or wastewater, and to approximate its concentration.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of cyanides in water. The following test methods are included:1.2 Cyanogen halides may be determined separately. Cyanogen chloride is the most common of the cyanogen halide complexes as it is a reaction product and is usually present when chlorinating cyanide-containing industrial waste water. For the presence or absence of CNCl, the spot test method given in can be used.1.3 These test methods do not distinguish between cyanide ions and metallocyanide compounds and complexes. Furthermore, they do not detect the cyanates. Note 18212;The cyanate complexes are decomposed when the sample is acidified in the distillation procedure.1.4 The cyanide in cyanocomplexes of gold, platinum, cobalt and some other transition metals is not completely recovered by these test methods.1.5 Cyanide from only a few organic cyanides are recovered, and those only to a minor extent.1.6 Part or all of these test methods have been used successfully with reagent water and various waste waters. It is the user's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method for the water matrix being tested.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in sections 5.1, 8.8, 8.18, 9, 11.2, and 16.1.9.

Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water

ASTM D7126-06 硅酸盐在线色度测量的标准试验方法

Silicon (Si), a metalloid, is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust. Various forms of silica (silicon dioxide SiO2) are found in quartz, sand and rocks. The degradation of these rocks results in silica found in natural waters. Silica in natural waters can be found as ionic silica, silicates, colloidal or suspended particles. Elevated temperatures and pressure can cause silica in water to vaporize and form deposits or scale. Scale deposits of silica will coat boilers and turbine blades used in power plants. The presence of silica scale affects the ability of metals to transfer heat. Silica needs to be removed when deionized water is used as a rinse for manufacturing wafers in the semiconductor industry. Silica is commonly removed by demineralization using anion exchange resins, distillation, reverse osmosis or precipitation in a lime softening process. The on-line measurement of silica is the preferred method to laboratory analyses for industries trying to obtain and monitor ultra-pure water. Since silica is one of the first species to breakthrough anion exchange resins, on-line silica monitoring is frequently used to determine the need for regeneration of an anion or mixed resin bed.1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of soluble silica in water by colorimetric analysis using the molybdenum blue method, also known as the heteropoly blue method.1.2 This test method is applicable for silica determination in water with silica concentrations within 0.5 - 5000 ppb (g/L).1.3 This test method covers the determination of soluble silica SiO2 (silicon dioxide) or silicates in water. Soluble silica compounds are considered molybdate reactive silica. This test method does not cover the determination of colloidal or polymeric silica, which is considered non-molybdate reactive silica.1.4 This test method does not cover the laboratory or grab sample measurement of silica in water. Refer to Test Method D 859.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Colorimetric Measurement of Silica

ASTM D4165-06 水中氯化氰含量的标准试验方法

The presence of cyanogen chloride in chlorinated sanitary and industrial effluents and therefore receiving waters is of concern because of its toxicity to aquatic life. This test method provides an analytical procedure for measuring cyanogen chloride in water. This test method is applicable for clean metal finishing and chlorinated sanitary and industrial effluents, and also can be used to establish process control of cyanide destruction by chlorination in waste water treatment facilities.1.1 This test method covers the determination of cyanogen chloride in water. Cyanogen chloride is normally present only at very low concentrations; it is a very labile and sparsely soluble gaseous compound. Water samples may contain cyanogen chloride after the chlorination of waste waters containing cyanide or thiocyanate compounds.1.2 Cyanogen chloride is unstable. A quick test using a spot plate or comparator as soon as the sample is collected may be the best test, reducing the loss of cyanogen chloride during the time lapse between sampling and analysis. (See for a typical decay curve for cyanogen chloride in a solution.)1.3 This test method has been used successfully with reagent water. The analyst is responsible for determining whether the test method is applicable to the water matrix being tested. Reference is made to Test Method D of Test Methods D 2036 which is based on similar chemical reactions and has been evaluated by collaborative testing in this matrix.1.4 The lower limit of detectability is 0.005 mg CN /L.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Note 0 and Note 0 and Section .

Standard Test Method for Cyanogen Chloride in Water

ASTM D1252-06 水的化学氧需要量(重铬酸盐氧需要量)的标准试验方法

These test methods are used to chemically determine the maximum quantity of oxygen that could be consumed by biological or natural chemical processes due to impurities in water. Typically this measurement is used to monitor and control oxygen-consuming pollutants, both inorganic and organic, in domestic and industrial wastewaters. The relationship of COD to other water quality parameters such as TOC and TOD is described in the literature. 3 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the quantity of oxygen that certain impurities in water will consume, based on the reduction of a dichromate solution under specified conditions. The following test methods are included: Equation 1 - Test Method A-Macro COD by Reflux Digestion and TitrationEquation 2 - Test Method B-Micro COD by Sealed Digestion and Spectrometry1.2 These test methods are limited by the reagents employed to a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 800 mg/L. Samples with higher COD concentrations may be processed by appropriate dilution of the sample. Modified procedures in each test method (Section 15 for Test Method A and Section 24 for Test Method B) may be used for waters of low COD content ( 50 mg/L).1.3 As a general rule, COD results are not accurate if the sample contains more than 1000 mg/L Cl. Consequently, these test methods should not be applied to samples such as seawaters and brines unless the samples are pretreated as described in Appendix X1.1.4 This test method was used successfully on a standard made up in reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 8, 15.6, and 24.5.

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Oxygen Demand (Dichromate Oxygen Demand) of Water

ASTM D1252-06(2012) 水的化学需氧量(重铬酸盐需氧量)的标准试验方法

These test methods are used to chemically determine the maximum quantity of oxygen that could be consumed by biological or natural chemical processes due to impurities in water. Typically this measurement is used to monitor and control oxygen-consuming pollutants, both inorganic and organic, in domestic and industrial wastewaters. The relationship of COD to other water quality parameters such as TOC and TOD is described in the literature. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the quantity of oxygen that certain impurities in water will consume, based on the reduction of a dichromate solution under specified conditions. The following test methods are included: 1.2 These test methods are limited by the reagents employed to a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 800 mg/L. Samples with higher COD concentrations may be processed by appropriate dilution of the sample. Modified procedures in each test method (Section 15 for Test Method A and Section 24 for Test Method B) may be used for waters of low COD content (< 50 mg/L). 1.3 As a general rule, COD results are not accurate if the sample contains more than 1000 mg/L Cl−. Consequently, these test methods should not be applied to samples such as seawaters and brines unless the samples are pretreated as described in Appendix X1. 1.4 This test method was used successfully on a standard made up in reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 8, 15.6, and 24.5.

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Oxygen Demand (Dichromate Oxygen Demand) of Water

ASTM D6520-06(2012) 挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物分析用水及其顶部空间的固相微萃取 (SPME) 的标准实施规程

This practice provides a general procedure for the solid-phase microextraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from an aqueous matrix or its headspace. Solid sorbent extraction is used as the initial step in the extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying or screening for extractable organic compounds. Typical detection limits that can be achieved using SPME techniques with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (MS) range from mg/L to μg/L. The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the aqueous matrix, the fiber phase, the sample temperature, sample volume, sample mixing, and the determinative technique employed. SPME has the advantages of speed, no desorption solvent, simple extraction device, and the use of small amounts of sample. Extraction devices vary from a manual SPME fiber holder to automated commercial device specifically designed for SPME. Listed below are examples of organic compounds that can be determined by this practice. This list includes both high and low boiling compounds. The numbers in parentheses refer to references at the end of this standard. Volatile Organic Compounds (1,2,3) Pesticides, General (4,5) Organochlorine Pesticides (6) Organophosphorous Pesticides (7,8) Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (9,10) Polychlorinated biphenyls (10) Phenols (11) Nitrophenols (12) Amines (13) SPME may be used to screen water samples prior to purge and trap extraction to determine if dilution is necessary, thereby eliminating the possibility of trap overload.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water and its headspace using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). 1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater affinity for the SPME-absorbent polymer or adsorbent or combinations of these than the water or headspace phase in which they reside. 1.3 Not all of the analytes that can be determined by SPME are addressed in this practice. The applicability of the absorbent polymer, adsorbent, or combination thereof, to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use. 1.4 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for quantitative or qualitative analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1.5 Where used, it is the responsibility of the user to validate the application of SPME to the analysis of interest. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 10.

Standard Practice for the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) of Water and its Headspace for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

ASTM D4165-06(2012) 水中氯化氰含量的标准试验方法

The presence of cyanogen chloride in chlorinated sanitary and industrial effluents and therefore receiving waters is of concern because of its toxicity to aquatic life. This test method provides an analytical procedure for measuring cyanogen chloride in water. This test method is applicable for clean metal finishing and chlorinated sanitary and industrial effluents, and also can be used to establish process control of cyanide destruction by chlorination in waste water treatment facilities.1.1 This test method covers the determination of cyanogen chloride in water. Cyanogen chloride is normally present only at very low concentrations; it is a very labile and sparsely soluble gaseous compound. Water samples may contain cyanogen chloride after the chlorination of waste waters containing cyanide or thiocyanate compounds. 1.2 Cyanogen chloride is unstable. A quick test using a spot plate or comparator as soon as the sample is collected may be the best test, reducing the loss of cyanogen chloride during the time lapse between sampling and analysis. (See Fig. 1 for a typical decay curve for cyanogen chloride in a solution.) 1.3 This test method has been used successfully with reagent water. The analyst is responsible for determining whether the test method is applicable to the water matrix being tested. Reference is made to Test Method D of Test Methods D2036 which is based on similar chemical reactions and has been evaluated by collaborative testing in this matrix. 1.4 The lower limit of detectability is 0.005 mg CN −/L. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2 and Section 9. FIG. 1 Cyanogen Chloride Stability

Standard Test Method for Cyanogen Chloride in Waterthinsp;

ASTM D4763-06 用荧光光谱测定法对水中化学品的鉴别

1.1 This practice allows for the identification of 90 chemicals that may be found in water or in surface layers on water. This practice is based on the use of room-temperature fluorescence spectra taken from lists developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard (). Ref () is the primary source for these spectra. This practice is also based on the assumption that such chemicals are either present in aqueous solution or are extracted from water into an appropriate solvent.1.2 Although many organic chemicals containing aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, or extended conjugated double-bond systems have appreciable quantum yields of fluorescence, this practice is designed only for the specific compounds listed. If present in complex mixtures, preseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (TLC) would probably be required.1.3 If used with HPLC, this practice could be used for the identification of fluorescence spectra generated by optical multichannel analyzers (OMA) or diode-array detectors.1.4 For simple mixtures, or in the presence of other nonfluorescing chemicals, separatory techniques might not be required. The excitation and emission maximum wavelengths listed in this practice could be used with standard fluorescence techniques (Refs ) to quantitate these ninety chemicals once identification had been established. For such uses, generation of a calibration curve, to determine the linear range for use of fluorescence quantitation would be required for each chemical. Examination of solvent blanks to subtract or eliminate any fluorescence background would probably be required.This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM D1291-06(2011) 评定水中氯的需求量的标准操作规程

Chlorine is added to potable water, waste water, and industrial water for a variety of purposes. Some of these purposes are: To eliminate or reduce the growth of microorganisms in water, To destroy or modify decomposable organic substances so as to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand of the water, To eliminate or reduce taste, odors, and color in the water, To separate grease in waste water by eliminating the protective colloidal effect of proteins present, and To destroy or modify substances in the waste water that react directly by oxidation, such as ammonia, cyanates, cyanides, ferrous iron, nitrites, phenol, phosphorus, sulfides, sulfites, thiocyanates, and other oxidizable constituents. It is important to avoid over-chlorination in order to minimize chemical consumption, meet restrictions specified by regulatory agencies, and minimize equipment degradation.1.1 This practice provides a means of estimating the quantity of chlorine required to be added to a unit volume of water to accomplish a predetermined treatment objective or to completely react with all chlorine reactable substances in the water, or both. 1.2 Temperature, pH, and initial chlorine dosage are all variables in estimating the optimum chlorination practice. The effects of these variables can be evaluated using this practice. 1.3 Chlorine residual is determined using Test Method D1253. 1.4 This practice is applicable to all types of water in which the stated treatment objective can be evaluated or residual chlorine can be measured, or both. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1.

Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water

ASTM D1291-06 评估水中氯的需求量的标准实施规程

Chlorine is added to potable water, waste water, and industrial water for a variety of purposes. Some of these purposes are: 5.1.1 To eliminate or reduce the growth of microorganisms in water, 5.1.2 To destroy or modify decomposable organic substances so as to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand of the water, 5.1.3 To eliminate or reduce taste, odors, and color in the water, 5.1.4 To separate grease in waste water by eliminating the protective colloidal effect of proteins present, and 5.1.5 To destroy or modify substances in the waste water that react directly by oxidation, such as ammonia, cyanates, cyanides, ferrous iron, nitrites, phenol, phosphorus, sulfides, sulfites, thiocyanates, and other oxidizable constituents. It is important to avoid over-chlorination in order to minimize chemical consumption, meet restrictions specified by regulatory agencies, and minimize equipment degradation.1.1 This practice provides a means of estimating the quantity of chlorine required to be added to a unit volume of water to accomplish a predetermined treatment objective or to completely react with all chlorine reactable substances in the water, or both.1.2 Temperature, pH, and initial chlorine dosage are all variables in estimating the optimum chlorination practice. The effects of these variables can be evaluated using this practice.1.3 Chlorine residual is determined using Test Method D 1253.1.4 This practice is applicable to all types of water in which the stated treatment objective can be evaluated or residual chlorine can be measured, or both.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1.

Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water

ASTM D3987-06 含水固体废弃物的振荡萃取用标准试验方法

This test method is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure. This test method is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design. This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions. The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste. The intent of this test method is that the water extraction simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract. The test method produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples. This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid waste. The test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3). The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1.)1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the materials leached under the specified testing conditions.1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

ASTM D3864-06 水分析用连续在线监测系统的标准指南

Many of the manual and automated laboratory methods for measurement of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in water and waste water are adaptable to on-line sampling and analysis. The resulting real-time data output can have a variety of uses, including confirming regulatory compliance, controlling process operations, or detecting leaks or spills. This guide is intended to be a common reference that can be applied to all water quality monitoring systems. However, calibration, validation, and verification sections may be inappropriate for certain tests since the act of removing a sample from a flowing stream may change the sample. Technical details of the specific methodology are contained in the pertinent ASTM standard test methods, which will reference this practice for guidance in selection of systems and their proper implementation. This guide complements descriptive information on this subject found in the ASTM Manual on Water. 3 1.1 This guide covers the selection, establishment, application, and validation and verification of monitoring systems for determining water characteristics by continual sampling, automatic analysis, and recording or otherwise signaling of output data. The system chosen will depend on the purpose for which it is intended: whether it is for regulatory compliance, process monitoring, or to alert the user of adverse trends. If it is to be used for regulatory compliance, the method published or referenced in the regulations should be used in conjunction with this guide and other ASTM methods. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section .

Standard Guide for Continual On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water Analysis

ASTM D2580-06(2012) 气相-液相色谱法测定水中苯酚的标准试验方法

Phenolic compounds are sometimes found in surface waters from natural and industrial sources. Chlorination of such waters may produce odoriferous, objectionable tasting chlorophenols. These compounds may include o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. 1.1 This test method covers a direct aqueous injection procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenols, cresols, and mono- and di-chlorophenols in water. 1.2 The precision and bias of the test method has been calculated from the results of interlaboratory analyses of three master solutions, each containing phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol. 1.3 The test method may be applied to waste water or concentrates that contain more than 1 mg/L of phenolic compounds. Therefore, for a comparison with Test Methods D1783, see Appendix X1. 1.4 The analyst should recognize that precision statements provided in 17.1 and 17.2 may not apply to waters of other matrices. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 3."s00005">1.4 The guide is applicable to either packed or capillary column gas chromatography, including wide-bore capillary columns. Because of their greatly enhanced resolution, capillary columns are strongly recommended. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Phenols in Water by Gas-Liquid Chromatography