13.080.01 (Soil quality in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5255-15 土壤和岩石检验人员认可的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice provides basic criteria for the development and operation of a certification organization, selection of examination material for a written examination, and the scope and details of a performance test. The qualifications of the examiner and limitations on the relationship between the examiner and the examinee are given in this practice. 4.2 The basic criteria provided by this practice is intended to be supplemented by more specific criteria serving the requirements of the certification organization. 4.3 It is unrealistic and unintended that each individual be certified for every test the employing agency performs. Rather, it should be a goal of an agency that a majority of personnel normally performing a given test are certified. Depending on the purpose of the testing, it may be appropriate for the client to specify whether or not a certified technician should perform a given test. 4.4 Although this practice calls for certification specific to a single ASTM test method, it is not intended the certification organization avoid grouping related test methods in the interest of efficiency. 1.1 This practice provides a guide for evaluation and certification procedures for personnel engaged in testing soil and rock in accordance with ASTM test methods and is intended for use by independent organizations providing certification services. 1.2 Qualifications for certification candidates, qualifications of those administering the certification examinations, methods of administering the certification tests, and certain certification organization operating requirements are given. 1.3 Certification is specific to a single ASTM test method. A monitored written examination and a monitored performance examination are normally required. Note 1: Personnel certification may be an important aspect of a quality system as described in Practice D3740. Certification of personnel is one means of meeting personnel qualifications given in Practice D3740. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration o......

Standard Practice for Certification of Personnel Engaged in the Testing of Soil and Rock

ASTM D5255-14 从事土壤和岩石试验的人员认证的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice provides basic criteria for the development and operation of a certification organization, selection of examination material for a written examination, and the scope and details of a performance test. The qualifications of the examiner and limitations on the relationship between the examiner and the examinee are given in this practice. 4.2 The basic criteria provided by this practice is intended to be supplemented by more specific criteria serving the requirements of the certification organization. 4.3 It is unrealistic and unintended that each individual be certified for every test the employing agency performs. Rather, it should be a goal of an agency that a majority of personnel normally performing a given test are certified. Depending on the purpose of the testing, it may be appropriate for the client to specify whether or not a certified technician should perform a given test. 4.4 Although this practice calls for certification specific to a single ASTM test method, it is not intended the certification organization avoid grouping related test methods in the interest of efficiency. 1.1 This practice provides a guide for evaluation and certification procedures for personnel engaged in testing soil and rock in accordance with ASTM test methods and is intended for use by independent organizations providing certification services. 1.2 Qualifications for certification candidates, qualifications of those administering the certification examinations, methods of administering the certification tests, and certain certification organization operating requirements are given. 1.3 Certification is specific to a single ASTM test method. A monitored written examination and a monitored performance examination are normally required. Note 1: Personnel certification may be an important aspect of a quality system as described in Practice D3740. Certification of personnel is one means of meeting personnel qualifications given in Practice D3740. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration o......

Standard Practice for Certification of Personnel Engaged in the Testing of Soil and Rock

ASTM D7101-13 在实验室规模条件下测定未植草轧制侵蚀控制产品(RECP)防止因雨水冲刷及相关径流造成土壤流失的能力用标准指数试验方法

5.1 This index test method indicates a unvegetated RECP’s ability to reduce rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions. This test method may also assist in identifying physical attributes of RECPs that contribute to their erosion-control performance. 5.2 This test method is bench-scale and therefore, appropriate as an index test for initial indication of product performance, for general comparison of unvegetated RECP capabilities, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing. The results of this test are not indicative of an RECP’s actual field performance.Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated rolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff induced erosion. The critical element of this protection is the ability of the unvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through “splash” mechanisms, and limiting the ability of runoff to carry the loosened soil particles. 1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and is not indicative of unvegetated RECP performance in conditions typically found in the field.Note 1—The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for initial performance indication, general product comparison and conformance purposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP soil protection in actual field use with such calculations as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests. 1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established i......

Standard Index Test Method for Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions

ASTM E2876-13 将可持续发展目标整合到清洗网版的标准指南

4.1 Flexibility—Users may desire to incorporate sustainable aspects within the scalable framework throughout any or all phases of the cleanup, or any size of site. 4.1.1 For simplicity the term cleanup is used in the guide when referring to any of the cleanup phases, for example site assessment, remedy selection, remedy design and implementation, remedy optimization, operation, maintenance and monitoring, and closure. 4.1.2 Implementation of the guide is site-specific. The user may choose to customize the implementation of the guide for particular types of sites, for example, UST sites, dry cleaner sites, or particular phases of cleanup. Customization may be particularly relevant for groups of small, non-complex sites. 4.2 Considerations—The information provided in this guide provides a framework to evaluate sustainable aspects in the context of site cleanup. The guide helps users identify factors and activities they may want to consider in cleanup projects, while protecting human health and the environment. 4.3 Sustainable Performance Criterion—Based on the sustainable objectives identified for the site, users should implement one or more best management practices that substantially benefit each of the sustainable aspects (environmental, social and economic), see Section 6 for details. The user should demonstrate these benefits through publicly available documentation. Substantial benefits must be over and above those achieved by existing regulatory requirements, unless a regulatory agency adopts this guide for cleanup sites. In that case the regulatory agency will determine what constitutes substantial benefits under its own regulations. 4.4 Transparency Goal—The user should document the activities and evaluations performed while using this guide. The documentation is needed to demonstrate the sustainable benefits through public disclosure and transparency. See Section 8 for more information. 4.5 Stakeholder Involvement—The user should engage stakeholders as early as possible in the cleanup process. The planning and scoping phase of the project should identify the perspectives and values of the stakeholders and use that information to inform decision-making (see Guide E2348). Users should consider the input of different stakeholders, including the community, and implement BMPs favored by community members wherever possible. Consideration may include review of and integration into the community’s approved Master Plan. 4.6 Elimination of Uncertainty—Professional judgment, interpretation, and some uncertainty are inherent in the process, even when exercised in accordance with objective scientific principles. In addition, new concepts and methods for integrating sustainable objectives into cleanup results will develop in the future. 4.7 Not every property will warrant the same level of evaluation of alternatives or approaches for integrating......

Standard Guide for Integrating Sustainable Objectives into Cleanup

ASTM D6460-12 测定防雨水诱发侵蚀保护陶制管道中侵蚀控制产品(RECP)性能的标准试验方法

This test method evaluates RECPs and their means of installation to: Reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations in stormwater runoff under conditions of varying channel conditions and soil type; Function within a composite system acting as vegetative reinforcement; and Improve water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by minimizing mobilization of in-situ particles within the streambed. This test method models and examines conditions typically found on construction sites involving earthwork activities, including: highways and roads; airports; residential, commercial and industrial developments; pipelines, mines, and landfills; golf courses; etc. This test method is a performance test, but can be used for quality control to determine product conformance to project specifications. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete. For project specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be taken into consideration.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect earthen channels from stormwater-induced erosion. Critical elements of this protection are the ability of the RECP to: 1.1.1 Neutralize and absorb the hydraulic force of stormwater, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through “scour” mechanisms; 1.1.2 Slow runoff and encourage sedimentation, thereby reducing soil particle transport downstream; 1.1.3 Absorb shear forces of overland flow; 1.1.4 Trap soil particles beneath; and 1.1.5 Promote the establishment of vegetation. 1.2 This test method utilizes full-scale testing procedures, rather than reduced-scale (bench-scale) simulation, and is patterned after conditions typically found on construction sites prior to and after revegetation work. Further, procedures for evaluation of baseline conditions are provided. Thus, test preparation, test execution, data collection, data analysis and reporting procedures herein are intended to be suitable for testing of bare soil, unvegetated RECP, vegetated soil and vegetated RECP conditions. 1.3 This test method provides a comparative evaluation of an unvegetated RECP to baseline bare soil conditions and a vegetated RECP to a baseline, vegetated condition under controlled and documented conditions. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using the test method.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion

ASTM D7047-12 用作增粘剂的岛生车前 (Ovata, 欧车前) 的粘液含量测定的标准试验方法

1.1 Quantitative test method to determine the mucilloid content of plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) used as a tackifier. 1.2 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of evaluating the amount of mucilloid in a plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mucilloid Content of Plantago Insularis (Ovata, Psyllium)

ASTM D5434-12 土壤和岩石地下爆炸现场记录的标准指南

The preparation of field logs provides documentation of field exploration procedures and findings for geotechnical, geologic, hydrogeologic, and other investigations of subsurface site conditions. This guide may be used for a broad range of investigations. The recorded information in a field log will depend on the specific purpose of the site investigation. All of the information given in this guide need not appear in all field logs. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock. 1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user. 1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D420. 1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste, or other special types of exploration. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock

ASTM D653-11 土壤,岩石和所含液体的相关标准术语

Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard. Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage. See Appendix X1 for References. A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term. No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term. The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable. See Appendix X2 for Symbols. A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in parentheses and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by bold capital letters, as follows: DDimensionless FForce, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton LLength, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter MMass, such as kilogram, gram TTime, such as second, minute Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.” Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example: FL−2may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc. LT−1may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc. Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant. Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the convenience of the user and were taken directly from the International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3). Grouping of Definitions and Listing of Related Terms8212;To aide users in finding terms, this terminology standard provides grouping of definitions and listing of related terms. Groupings8212;Some of these groupings of definitions are density, unit weight, and specific gravity. Listings (see Appendix X3)8212;The listing of related terms might be headed by such items as aquifer, density, gradation, index, specific gravity, and unit weight.1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18. 1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18. 1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.

Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

ASTM D5434-09 土壤和岩石地下勘察的现场记录用标准指南

The preparation of field logs provides documentation of field exploration procedures and findings for geotechnical, geologic, hydrogeologic, and other investigations of subsurface site conditions. This guide may be used for a broad range of investigations. The recorded information in a field log will depend on the specific purpose of the site investigation. All of the information given in this guide need not appear in all field logs. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock. 1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user. 1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D 420. 1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste, or other special types of exploration. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock

ASTM D7262-07 评估土壤和含水层固体对高锰酸钾天然氧化剂需求量的标准试验方法

The test method is used to estimate the permanganate natural oxidant demand exerted by the soil or aquifer solids by determining the quantity of potassium permanganate that is consumed by naturally occurring species as a function of time. Typically the measurement of PNOD is used to screen potential sites for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (Test Method A) and provide information to aid in the design of remediation systems (Test Method B). While some oxidizable species react relatively quickly (that is, days to weeks), others react more slower (weeks to months). Consequently, the PNODt is expected to be some fraction of the PNODmax. Due to mass transport related issues at the field-scale it is reasonable to assume that the PNODt measured using the test method may overestimate the demand exerted during ISCO applications. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and so forth.1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) through the determination of the quantity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) that organic matter and other naturally occurring oxidizable species present in soil or aquifer solids will consume under specified conditions as a function of time. Oxidizable species may include organic constituents and oxidizable inorganic ions, such as ferrous iron and sulfides. The following test methods are included:Test Method A-48-hour Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Test Method B-Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand Kinetics 1.2 This test method is limited by the reagents employed to a permanganate natural oxidant demand (PNOD) of 60 g KMnO4 per kg soil or aquifer solids after a period of 48 hours (Method A) or two weeks (Method B).1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.4 Units - The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to interpret the results of the data. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to interpret the results obtained and to determine the applicability of these results prior to use.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Estimating the Permanganate Natural Oxidant Demand of Soil and Aquifer Solids

ASTM D6459-07 防止山坡降雨引起侵蚀的轧制冲刷控制产品(RECP)性能的测定用标准试验方法

This test method evaluates RECPs and their means of installation to: 5.1.1 Reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations in stormwater runoff under conditions of varying rainfall intensity and soil type, and; 5.1.2 Improve water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by reducing suspended solids. This test method models and examines conditions typically found on construction sites involving earthwork activities including: highway and roads; airports; residential, commercial and industrial developments; pipelines, mines, and landfills; golf courses; etc. This test method is a performance test, but can be used for quality control to determine product conformance to project specifications. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete. For project specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be taken into consideration. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect hillslopes from rainfall-induced erosion. Critical elements of this protection are the ability of the RECP to:1.1.1 Absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through "splash" mechanisms;1.1.2 Slow runoff and encourage infiltration, thereby reducing soil particle displacement and transport through "overland flow" mechanisms;1.1.3 Absorb shear forces of overland flow; and,1.1.4 Trap soil particles beneath.1.2 This test method utilizes full-scale testing procedures, rather than reduced-scale (bench-scale) simulation, and is patterned after conditions typically found on construction sites at the conclusion of earthwork operations, but prior to the start of revegetation work. Therefore this considers only unvegetated conditions.1.3 This test method provides a comparative evaluation of an RECP-to baseline bare soil conditions under controlled and documented conditions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user''s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion

ASTM D7101-07 测定实验室规模条件下未植草轧制侵蚀防治产品(RECP)防止因雨水冲刷造成土壤流失的能力用标准索引试验方法

1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated rolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff induced erosion. The critical element of this protection is the ability of the unvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through "splash" mechanisms, and limiting the ability of runoff to carry the loosened soil particles.1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and is not indicative of unvegetated RECP performance in conditions typically found in the field.Note 1The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for initial performance indication, general product comparison and conformance purposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP soil protection in actual field use with such calculations as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests.1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this index test method to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using the index test method.

Standard Index Test Method for Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions

ASTM D6460-07 测定防雨水冲刷保护陶制管道用腐蚀控制产品(RECP)性能的标准试验方法

This test method evaluates RECPs and their means of installation to: 5.1.1 Reduce soil loss and sediment concentrations in stormwater runoff under conditions of varying channel conditions and soil type; 5.1.2 Function within a composite system acting as vegetative reinforcement; and 5.1.3 Improve water quality exiting the area disturbed by earthwork activity by minimizing mobilization of in-situ particles within the streambed. This test method models and examines conditions typically found on construction sites involving earthwork activities, including: highways and roads; airports; residential, commercial and industrial developments; pipelines, mines, and landfills; golf courses; etc. This test method is a performance test, but can be used for quality control to determine product conformance to project specifications. Caution is advised since information regarding laboratory specific precision is incomplete. For project specific conformance, unique project-specific conditions should be taken into consideration.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) to protect earthen channels from stormwater-induced erosion. Critical elements of this protection are the ability of the RECP to:1.1.1 Neutralize and absorb the hydraulic force of stormwater, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through "scour" mechanisms;1.1.2 Slow runoff and encourage sedimentation, thereby reducing soil particle transport downstream;1.1.3 Absorb shear forces of overland flow;1.1.4 Trap soil particles beneath; and1.1.5 Promote the establishment of vegetation.1.2 This test method utilizes full-scale testing procedures, rather than reduced-scale (bench-scale) simulation, and is patterned after conditions typically found on construction sites prior to and after revegetation work. Further, procedures for evaluation of baseline conditions are provided. Thus, test preparation, test execution, data collection, data analysis and reporting procedures herein are intended to be suitable for testing of bare soil, unvegetated RECP, vegetated soil and vegetated RECP conditions.1.3 This test method provides a comparative evaluation of an unvegetated RECP to baseline bare soil conditions and a vegetated RECP to a baseline, vegetated condition under controlled and documented conditions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using the test method.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion

ASTM D5918-06 土壤对冻胀和解冻变弱敏感性的标准试验方法

These test methods can be used to determine the relative frost-susceptibility of soils used in pavement systems. Both the frost heave susceptibility and the thaw weakening susceptibility can be determined. These test methods should be used only for seasonal frost conditions and not for permanent or long-term freezing of soil. These test methods also have not been validated for anything other than pavement systems. These test methods cannot be used to predict the amount of frost heave or thaw weakening in the field. Its purpose is to determine the relative frost-susceptibility classification for use in empirical pavement design methods for seasonal frost regions.1.1 These laboratory test methods cover the frost heave and thaw weakening susceptibilities of soil that is tested in the laboratory by comparing the heave rate and thawed bearing ratio with values in an established classification system. This test was developed to classify the frost susceptibility of soils used in pavements. It should be used for soils where frost-susceptibility considerations, based on particle size such as the limit of 3 % finer than 20 mm in Specification D 2940, are uncertain. This is most important for frost-susceptibility criteria such as those used by the Corps of Engineers, that require a freezing test for aggregates of inconclusive frost classification. The frost heave susceptibility is determined from the heave rate during freezing. The thaw weakening susceptibility is determined with the bearing ratio test (see Test Method D 1883).1.2 This is an index test for estimating the relative degree of frost-susceptibility of soils used in pavement systems. It cannot be used to predict the amount of frost heave nor the strength after thawing, nor can it be used for applications involving long-term freezing of permafrost or for foundations of refrigerated structures.1.3 The test methods described are for one specimen and uses manual temperature control. It is suggested that four specimens be tested simultaneously and that the temperature control and data taking be automated using a computer.1.4 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be regarded a nonconformance with this standard. 1.5 This Standard is written using SI units. Inch-pound units are provided for convenience. The values stated in inch pound units may not be exact equivalents; therefore, they shall be used independently of the SI system. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.1.5.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the......

Standard Test Methods for Frost Heave and Thaw Weakening Susceptibility of Soils

ASTM D6519-05 用液压操作的固定活塞采样器进行土壤取样的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for sampling of cohesive, organic, or fine-grained soils, or combination thereof, using a thin-walled metal tube that is inserted into the soil formation by means of a hydraulically operated piston. It is used to collect relatively undisturbed soil samples suitable for laboratory tests to determine structural and chemical properties for geotechnical and environmental site characterizations.1.1.1 Guidance on preservation and transport of samples in accordance with Practice D 4220 may apply. Samples for classification may be preserved using procedures similar to Class A. In most cases, a thin-walled tube sample can be considered as Class B, C, or D. Refer to Guide D 6286 for use of the hydraulically operated stationary piston soil sampler for environmental site characterization. This sampling method is often used in conjunction with rotary drilling methods such as fluid rotary; Guide D 5783; and hollow stem augers, Practice D 6151. Sampling data should be reported in the substance log in accordance with Guide D 5434.1.2 The hydraulically operated stationery piston sampler is limited to soils and unconsolidated materials that can be penetrated with the available hydraulic pressure that can be applied without exceeding the structural strength of the thin-walled tube. This standard addresses typical hydraulic piston samplers used on land or shallow water in drill holes. The standard does not address specialized offshore samplers for deep marine applications that may or may not be hydraulically operated. This standard does not address operation of other types of mechanically advanced piston samplers.1.3 This practice does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the user to establish and adopt appropriate safety and health practices. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using this practice. For good safety practice, consult applicable OSHA regulations and other safety guides on drilling.1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. This practice does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and the issues associated with sampling of soil. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. The practice is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston Sampler

ASTM D7047-04 用作增粘剂的岛生车前(Ovata,欧车前)的粘液含量测定的标准试验方法

1.1 Quantitive test method to determine the mucilloid content of plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) used as a tackifier.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of evaluating the amount of mucilloid in a plantago insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) tackifier.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mucilloid Content of Plantago Insularis (Ovata, Psyllium) Used as a Tackifier

ASTM D7099-04(2010) 冻土和岩石的相关标准术语

This terminology can be used to find the definitions of all of those terms which are used in association with frozen materials, including rocks, soils, and water.1.1 This terminology includes all of those terms which relate to frozen soils and rocks. 1.2 It is based on: a list of definitions drawn up by ASTM Sub-Committee D18.19; ASTM standards; a list of definitions drawn up by the Canadian Geomorphology Research Group (CGRG); the Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground-Ice Terms developed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado, at Boulder; the Keys to Soil Taxonomy of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); and contributions by a number of individuals. 1.3 For all of the terms included, the source is included in parentheses after the definition. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Terminology Relating to Frozen Soil and Rock

ASTM D5434-03 土壤和岩石地下勘察的现场记录用标准指南

The preparation of field logs provides documentation of field exploration procedures and findings for geotechnical, geologic, hydrogeologic, and other investigations of subsurface site conditions. This guide may be used for a broad range of investigations. The recorded information in a field log will depend on the specific purpose of the site investigation. All of the information given in this guide need not appear in all field logs. Note 18212;- The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock.1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user.1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D 420.1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste, or other special types of exploration.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock

ASTM D6640-01(2005) 环境勘察用岩心管样品机获取的土壤的收集和处置的标准实施规程

Often during environmental investigations, soils are analyzed after being collected from the surface, the vadose zone (D 653) and sometimes from below the ground water table to identify and quantify the presence of a chemical contaminant. A contaminant is a substance that is typically hazardous and either is not normally present or that occurs naturally but is of an uncharacteristically high concentration (D 4687). A three-dimensional spatial array of samples can often provide information as to the source and route(s) of migration of the contaminant. The resultant information is used to direct remedial and corrective actions or can be used for monitoring purposes. Obtaining a soil sample with a core barrel sampler involves driving this device into the ground and then retrieving it for sample processing. Several methods for advancing a core barrel are generally acceptable (e.g., D 1586, D 1587, D 3550, D 4700, D 5784, D 5875, D 5876, D 6151, D 6282, and D 6286). Drilling methods that use drilling fluids (liquids or air) should be avoided because they are more susceptible to cross-contamination (See section 5.1.6).1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining soils from core barrel samplers for chemical and physical analysis, with an emphasis on the collection and handling procedures that maintain the representativeness of the chemical contaminants of concern. Core barrel samplers are initially empty (hollow) until they are pushed into the ground to collect and retrieve a cylindrical soil sample with minimal disturbance. The selection of equipment and the sample handling procedures are dependent on the soil properties, the depth of sampling, and the general properties of the chemical contaminants of concern, that is, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and inorganic constituents. The sampling procedures described are designed to maintain representative concentrations of the contaminants regardless of their physical state(s), that is, solid, liquid or gas.1.2 Four general types of core barrel samplers are discussed in this practice: split-barrel, ring-lined barrel, thin-walled tube, and solid-barrel samplers.1.3 This document does not cover all the core barrel devices that are available for the collection of soil samples. 1.4 The procedures described may or may not be applicable to handling of samples for assessing certain geotechnical properties, for example, soil porosity.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations

ASTM D5255-01 土壤和岩石检验人员认可的标准实施规程

This practice provides basic criteria for the development and operation of a certification organization, selection of examination material for a written examination, and the scope and details of a performance test. The qualifications of the examiner and limitations on the relationship between the examiner and the examinee are given in this practice. The basic criteria provided by this practice is intended to be supplemented by more specific criteria serving the requirements of the certification organization. It is unrealistic and unintended that each individual be certified for every test that the employing agency performs. Rather it should be a goal of an agency that a majority of personnel normally performing a given test are certified. Depending on the purpose of the testing, it may be appropriate for the client to specify whether or not a certified technician should perform a given test. Although this practice calls for certification specific to a single ASTM test method, it is not intended that the certification organization avoid grouping related test methods in the interest of efficiency. 1.1 This practice provides a guide for evaluation and certification procedures for personnel engaged in testing soil and rock in accordance with ASTM test methods and is intended for use by independent organizations providing certification services.1.2 Qualifications for certification candidates, qualifications of those administering the certification examinations, methods of administering the certification tests, and certain certification organization operating requirements are given.1.3 Certification is specific to a single ASTM test method. A monitored written examination and a monitored performance examination are normally required. Note 1--Personnel certification may be an important aspect of a quality system as described in practice D3740. Certification of personnel is one means of meeting personnel qualifications given in practice D3740.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Practice for Certification of Personnel Engaged in the Testing of Soil and Rock