13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of m 标准查询与下载

ASTM E662-97 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, of assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM D93-97 石油蜡（包括矿脂）凝固点的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM D5048-97 利用125mm火焰测量固态塑料比较燃烧特性和抗烧穿性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using 125-mm Flame

ASTM D3874-97 用电热丝法测量材料着火性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically heated wires and other heat sources. 1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) to 6.4 mm (0.25 in.). 1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at normal room temperatures. That is, the specimen does not deform during preparation including especially the wire-wrapping step described in 8.1. Examples of deformation that render this test method inapplicable include: 1.3.1 Bowing, in either transverse or longitudinal directions, or twisting of the specimen during the wire-wrapping step to a degree visible to the eye. 1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the edges of the specimen. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use . 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources

ASTM D92-97 碳酸氢钠的标准规格

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup

ASTM D6194-97 材料辉光电线点燃的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptabilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.

Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

ASTM E1474-96a 用小型耗氧热量计测定装饰家具和床垫部件或组件的放热率的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. Heat release data at different heating fluxes may also be obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.5 This test method should be used to measure or describe the responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risks of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, the results of the test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment or a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM D3801-96e1 测量在垂直状态下实芯塑料的对比熄灭特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position.Note 1--This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695-11-10 are equivalent. IEC 60695-11-10 has replaced ISO 1210.Note 2--For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Methods D4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 9.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position

ASTM D3278-96(2004)e1 小刻度闭杯装置测定液体闪点的标准试验方法

Flash point is one of the properties used to define the flammability of a liquid. It is used to classify liquids according to their flammability by governmental regulatory agencies. It may also be used to determine the presence of impurities or contaminants in a given liquid, such as the presence of residual solvents in solvent-refined drying oils. See Test Methods D 56 and D 93 for alternate flash point testing.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a flash point between 0 and 110C (32 and 230F) and viscosity lower than 150 St at 25C (77F). Note 1Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.Note 2More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with .Note 3Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with , which describes the applicable safety precautions.Note 4The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D 3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations.Note 5These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO 3679 and ISO 3680.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end useThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see and .

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

ASTM D3278-96e1 使用小型闭杯设备测定液体的闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining whether a material does or does not flash at a specified temperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature at which a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus. The test methods are applicable to paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having a flash point between 0 and 110176C (32 and 230176F) and viscosity lower than 150 St at 25176C (77176F). Note 1-Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible. Note 2-More viscous materials may be tested in accordance with Annex A4. Note 3-Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with Annex A5, which describes the applicable safety precautions. Note 4-The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communications), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have specified Test Methods D3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flash point of liquids in their regulations. Note 5-These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO 3679 and ISO 3680. 1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire- hazard or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 7 and 12.

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

ASTM D2859-96 精制纺织地板覆盖物可燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. Although this test method may be applied to unfinished material, such a test is not considered satisfactory for the evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Note 18212;For other standards on flammability of textiles, refer to: Test Methods D 1230 and D 3411. For methods of measuring other properties of floor coverings and components thereof, refer to: Test Methods D 418, D 1116, D 1335, D 2401, and D 2406.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitiations prior to use.1.4 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials

ASTM G128-95 控制氧浓缩系统危害的标准导则

1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM Committee G-4 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for those asking the question: "Are there any problems associated with my use of oxygen?" and an introduction to the unique concerns that must be addressed in the handling of oxygen. The principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire, explosion, or both. This hazard requires design considerations beyond those that apply to all systems, such as adequate strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. 1.2 This guide also lists several of the recognized causes of oxygen system fires and describes the methods available to prevent them. Sources of information about the oxygen hazard and its control are listed and summarized. The principal focus is on Guides G63, G88, Practice G93, and Guide G94. Useful documentation from other resources and literature is also cited. Note 1-This guide is an outgrowth of an earlier (1988) Committee G-4 videotape adjunct entitled Oxygen Safety and a related paper by Koch that focused on the recognized ignition source of adiabatic compression-among the more significant but often overlooked causes of oxygen fires. This guide recapitulates and updates material in the videotape and paper. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 8 and 11. Note 2-ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.

Standard Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems

ASTM G125-95e1 测量气体氧化剂中液体和固体材料着火极限的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the threshold-limit conditions to allow equilibrium of combustion of materials in various oxidant gases under specific test conditions of pressure, temperature, flow condition, fire-propagation directions, and various other geometrical features of common systems.1.2 This test method is patterned after Test Method D2863-95 and incorporates its procedure for measuring the limit as a function of oxidant concentration for the most commonly used test conditions. Sections 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14 for the basic oxidant limit (oxygen index) procedure are quoted directly from Test Method D2863-95. Oxygen index data reported in accordance with Test Method D2863-95 are acceptable substitutes for data collected with this standard under similar conditions. 1.3 This test method has been found applicable to testing and ranking various forms of materials. It has also found limited usefulness for surmising the prospect that materials will prove "oxygen compatible" in actual systems. However, its results do not necessarily apply to any condition that does not faithfully reproduce the conditions during test. The fire limit is a measurement of a behavioral property and not a physical property. Uses of these data are addressed in Guides G63 and G94. Note 1--Although this test method has been found applicable for testing a range of materials in a range of oxidants with a range of diluents, the accuracy has not been determined for many of these combinations and conditions of specimen geometry, outside those of the basic procedure as applied to plastics.Note 2--Test Method D2863-95 has been revised and the revised Test Method has been issued as D2863-97. The major changes involve sample dimensions, burning criteria and the method for determining the oxygen index. The aim of the revisions was to alignTest Method D2863 with ISO 4589-2. Six laboratories conducted comparison round robin testing on self-supporting plastics and cellular materials using D2863-95 and D2863-97. The results indicate that there is no difference between the means provided y the two methods at the 95 % confidence level. No comparison tests were conducted on thin films. The majority of ASTM Committee G4 favors maintaining the D2863-95 as the backbone of G125 until comprehensive comparison data become available.1.4 One very specific set of test conditions for measuring the fire limits of metals in oxygen has been codified in Test Method G124. Test Method G124 measures the minimum pressure limit in oxygen for its own set of test conditions. Its details are not reproduced in this standard. A substantial database is available for this procedure, although it is much smaller than the database for Test Method D2863-95.Note 3--Warning: During the course of combustion, gases, vapors, aerosols, fumes or any combination of these are evolved which may be hazardous.Note 4--Precaution: Adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This basic standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to directly describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. The standard has more applicability in this regard at predicting the fire behavior of materials and components that are close in size to the test condition, than for systems that are much different (for example: comparing a test rod to a valve seat rather than comparing a test rod to a house or a particle)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Material Fire Limits in Gaseous Oxidants

ASTM F1516-94(1999) 用热熔法密封弹性地板产品接缝的标准实施方法（推荐时）

1.1 This practice covers the instructions and precautions to be observed to ensure satisfactory performance of seams in resilient flooring sealed by the heat weld method. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See precaution information in 6.1.

Standard Practice for Sealing Seams of Resilient Flooring Products by the Heat Weld Method (when Recommended)

ASTM D93-94 石油蜡（包括矿脂）凝固点的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester

ASTM D1230-94(2001) 服装纺织品的易燃性的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from apparel other than children''s sleepwear or protective clothing. 1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. Note 18212;This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is found in 9.2.1.3. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.

Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles

ASTM D4391-93a(2013)e2 有关纺织品燃烧特性的标准术语

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Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles

ASTM D4391-93a(2006) 纺织品燃烧特性相关的标准术语

Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles

ASTM D4391-93a(2000) 纺织品燃烧特性的标准术语

Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles

ASTM D4391-93A(2013)e1 纺织品燃烧特性相关的标准术语

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Standard Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles