13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of m 标准查询与下载

ASTM F1959/F1959M-06 服装材料电弧额定值测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to measure the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates from 84 to 25 120 kW/m 2 [2 to 600 cal/cm2s].1.2 This test method will measure the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D 6413.1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials except where used as under layers in multiple-layer specimens.1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section .

Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing

ASTM D3801-06 测量在垂直状态下固体塑料的对比灭火特性的标准试验方法

The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow time in seconds for a material of specified shape, under the conditions of this test method. The effect of material thickness, color additives, and possible loss of volatile components is measurable. The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as a reference for comparing the relative performance of materials and as an aid in material selection. In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different test conditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position. Note 1This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test (V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.Note 2This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695-11-10 are equivalent. IEC 60695-11-10 has replaced ISO 1210.Note 3For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D 635. For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method D 4804. For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D 5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used for building construction, finishing or contents such as wall and floor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition, the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread, smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluated by this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluate the flammability of materials in these intended end use product configuration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position

ASTM G114-06 供氧服务使用聚合材料抗老化评估的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices describe several procedures that are used to determine the age resistance of plastic, thermosetting, and elastomeric materials exposed to oxygen-containing media.1.2 These practices address both established methods that have a foundation of experience and potential methods that have yet to be validated. The latter are included to promote research and later elaboration in this practice as methods of the former type.1.3 The results of these practices may not give exact correlation with service performance since service conditions vary widely and may involve multiple factors. This practice may be used to evaluate materials on a laboratory comparison basis.1.4 Three procedures are described for evaluating the age resistance of polymeric materials depending on application and information sought.1.4.1 Procedure A: Natural AgingThis procedure is used to simulate the effect(s) of one or more service stressors on a materials oxygen resistance, and is suitable for evaluating materials that experience continuous or intermittent exposure to elevated temperature during service.1.4.2 Procedure B: Accelerated Aging Comparative Oxygen ResistanceThis procedure is suitable for evaluating materials that are used in ambient temperature service, or at a temperature that is otherwise lower than the aging temperature, and is useful for developing oxygen compatibility rankings on a laboratory comparison basis.1.4.3 Procedure C: Accelerated Aging Lifetime PredictionThis procedure is used to determine the relationship between aging temperature and predefined level property change, thereby allowing predictions to be made about the effect of prolonged service on oxidative degradation.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, however, all numerical values must also be cited in the systems in which they were actually measured.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Polymeric Materials Used in Oxygen Service

ASTM D93-06 用潘斯基-马丁斯仪闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360176;C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus. Note 1 - Flash point determination as above 250176;C can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100176;C.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.Note 2It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2176;C equivalent increment of 3.6176;F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370176;C (698176;F). When a temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after "or," for example, 2176;C or 5176;F.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2..

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM D2859-06 精制纺织地板覆盖物着火特性标准试验方法

This test method provides a procedure for identification of those finished textile floor covering materials that can be rated as flame-resistant under specific controlled laboratory conditions. This test method does not specify the use of an underlay material. If an underlay material is used to assess the effect of a specific underlay in combination with a specific floor covering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in the report. In this test, results are observed with the specimens in a horizontal plane. Different results are possible if the same material is tested or used in any other plane. Test Method D 2859 for testing finished textile floor covering materials for flammability is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller shall be determined with each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. The test procedures of this standard are part of the standards for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission4 . The acceptance criterion of these standards requires that at least seven out of eight individual specimens of a given carpet or rug have passed the test, that is, the charred portion of a tested specimen shall not extend to within 25.4 mm [1.0 in.] of the edge of the hole in the flattening frame at any point.1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials

ASTM E2058-06 用火焰蔓延仪(FPA)测量合成聚合物材料易燃性的标准试验方法

These test methods are an integral part of existing test standards for cable fire propagation and clean room material flammability, as well as, in an approval standard for conveyor belting (1-3).3 Refs (1-3) use these test methods because fire-test-response results obtained from the test methods correlate with fire behavior during real-scale fire propagation tests, as discussed in X1.4 The Ignition, Combustion, or Fire Propagation test method, or a combination thereof, have been performed with materials and products containing a wide range of polymer compositions and structures, as described in X1.7. The Fire Propagation test method is different from the test methods in the ASTM standards listed in 2.1 by virtue of producing laboratory measurements of the chemical heat release rate during upward fire propagation and burning on a vertical test specimen in normal air, oxygen-enriched air, or in oxygen-vitiated air. Test methods from other standards, for example, Test Method E 1321, which yields measurements during lateral/horizontal or downward flame spread on materials and Test Methods E 906, E 1354, and E 1623, which yield measurements of the rate of heat release from materials fully involved in flaming combustion, generally use an external radiant flux, rather than the flames from the burning material itself, to characterize fire behavior. These test methods are not intended to be routine quality control tests. They are intended for evaluation of specific flammability characteristics of materials. Materials to be analyzed consist of specimens from an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product. Results from the laboratory procedures provide input to fire propagation and fire growth models, risk analysis studies, building and product designs, and materials research and development.1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Qchem), and convective ( Qc) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test to determine Qchem, Qc, m, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Testto determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materi......

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

ASTM E2536-06 评估防火试验中不确定度测量用标准指南

Users of fire test data often need a quantitative indication of the quality of the data presented in a test report. This quantitative indication is referred to as the “measurement uncertainty”. There are two primary reasons for estimating the uncertainty of fire test results. 5.1.1 ISO/IEC 17025 requires that competent testing and calibration laboratories include uncertainty estimates for the results that are presented in a report. 5.1.2 Fire safety engineers need to know the quality of the input data used in an analysis to determine the uncertainty of the outcome of the analysis.1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and expression of uncertainty of measurements of fire test methods developed and maintained by ASTM International, based on the approach presented in the GUM. The use in this process of precision data obtained from a round robin is also discussed.1.2 Application of this guide is limited to tests that provide quantitative results in engineering units. This includes, for example, methods for measuring the heat release rate of burning specimens based on oxygen consumption calorimetry, such as Test Method E 1354.1.3 This guide does not apply to tests that provide results in the form of indices or binary results (for example, pass/fail). For example, the uncertainty of the Flame Spread Index obtained according to Test Method E 84 cannot be determined.1.4 In some cases additional guidance is required to supplement this standard. For example, the expression of uncertainty of heat release rate measurements at low levels requires additional guidance and uncertainties associated with sampling are not explicitly addressed.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

Standard Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire Tests

ASTM D2859-06(2011) 成品纺织地地毯材料着火特性的标准试验方法

This test method provides a procedure for identification of those finished textile floor covering materials that can be rated as flame-resistant under specific controlled laboratory conditions. This test method does not specify the use of an underlay material. If an underlay material is used to assess the effect of a specific underlay in combination with a specific floor covering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in the report. In this test, results are observed with the specimens in a horizontal plane. Different results are possible if the same material is tested or used in any other plane. Test Method D2859 for testing finished textile floor covering materials for flammability is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using this method for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller shall be determined with each comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. The test procedures of this standard are part of the standards for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission . The acceptance criterion of these standards requires that at least seven out of eight individual specimens of a given carpet or rug have passed the test, that is, the charred portion of a tested specimen shall not extend to within 25.4 mm [1.0 in.] of the edge of the hole in the flattening frame at any point.1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials

ASTM D92-05a 用克利夫兰得开杯试验器测定闪点和着火点的试验方法

The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can indicate gasoline contamination. This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support combustion.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus. Note 18212;The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79C (175F) and below 400C (752F) except fuel oils.Note 28212;This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D 93. Test Method D 93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small, but significant, concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D 92. Test Method D 1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79C (175F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

ASTM D5424-05 电缆或光缆中绝缘材料在立式电缆槽结构中燃烧时的烟雾遮蔽性标准试验方法

This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires. This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness. Test Limitations: 5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration. 5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air. 5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information exists to suggest that it has been validated against some large-scale scenarios.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10).This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under contro......

Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

ASTM F1959/F1959M-05a 服装材料电弧额定值测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used to measure the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates from 84 to 25120 kW/m 2 [2 to 600 cal/cm2].1.2 This test method will measure the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D 6413.1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials except where used as under layers in multiple-layer specimens.1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section .

Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Thermal Performance Value of Materials for Clothing

ASTM F1550-05 用实验室耗氧热量计测定遭破坏后修复设施中床垫或家具用部件或合成材料燃烧试验响应特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method is designed for use to determine various fire-test-response characteristics, including ignitability and heat release rate, from composites of mattresses or furniture, or correctional facilities, which have been vandalized in a prescribed manner to expose the filling material, by using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurements of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. See 5.7 for limitations.1.3 The apparatus used in this test method is also capable of determining heat release data at different heat fluxes.1.4 The specimen is oriented horizontally and a spark ignition source is used.1.5 All fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and the procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.6 The tests are done on bench-scale specimens combining the mattress or furniture outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.7 The vandalism is simulated by causing a prescribed cut on the outer layer of the composite, deep enough to expose the filling material to the incident radiation.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see Section 7.

Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture for Use in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism, by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM D92-05 用克利夫兰得开杯试验器测定闪点和着火点的试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

ASTM F1870-05 拘留和惩罚设施中装饰家具评定用着火试验方法选择的标准指南

The information presented provides the user with guidance on identification of test methods, and related documents, which are potentially useful to determine fire-test-response characteristics of upholstery products, and the materials of which they are made, present inside detention cells, in detention and correctional facilities. Some information is given about every standard included, so as to allow a judgment as to the potential usefulness of the original method. The detention environment has some unique features which potentially require the use of modifications of standard test methods or the application of particular techniques. Some guidance to that effect is also presented.1.1 This is a fire-test-response guide.1.2 This guide is intended to provide guidance for the selection of test methods that are applicable to determining fire-test-response characteristics of upholstered furniture items contained within a detention cell.1.3 This guide is intended for use by those interested in assessing the fire properties of the upholstery products and their component materials or composites, within cells and other areas (such as isolation lounges) of detention and correctional occupancies.1.4 This guide includes standard test methods promulgated by ASTM, NFPA, Underwriters Laboratories, trade associations and government agencies and other proposed test methods. It does not include industrial materials specification tests. The guide indicates some means by which modifications of standard test methods lead to potential achievement of certain testing goals.1.5 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions associated with this guide; see Practice E 380. The units given in parentheses are for information only. Some individual standards referenced use inch-pound units for referee decisions.1.6 This guide contains four types of test methods, namely: (1) generic small-scale methods, ( 2) specific applications of small-scale test methods to particular products or composites of products, associated with upholstery items, (3) real-scale test methods where actual upholstery products are exposed to heat or flame, and (4) guides explaining the concepts involved with room-scale testing. 1.7 The main fire-test-response characteristics investigated in this guide are: ignitability, ease of extinction, flame spread, heat release, smoke obscuration and toxic potency of smoke. 1.8 This guide measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Fire Test Methods for the Assessment of Upholstered Furnishings in Detention and Correctional Facilities

ASTM E2336-04(2013) 耐火润滑脂管道密封系统的标准试验方法

5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the grease duct enclosure system to do the following: 5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, 5.1.2 Retain its integrity, or 5.1.3 Exhibit both properties dependent upon the type of test assembly involved during a predetermined test exposure. 5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable: 5.2.1 Capability of the enclosure material to resist flaming (combustion) when exposed to 1382°F (750°C). 5.2.2 Loadbearing ability of the tested support system and fastening system to carry the load of the grease duct enclosure system during a standardized fire-engulfment test. 5.2.3 Ability of a fire stop to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used with a grease duct enclosure system. 5.2.4 Ability of the enclosure material to resist the passage of flames and hot gases during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test. 5.2.5 Transmission of heat through the grease duct and the enclosure material(s) during a standardized fire resistance test and a standardized internal fire test. 5.2.6 Ability of the grease duct enclosure system to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test. 5.2.7 Comparative measurement of temperature aging of the enclosure material(s) when subjected to standardized cyclic thermal transmissions. 5.3 These test methods do not provide the following: 5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the enclosure material or the grease duct enclosure system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested. 5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the enclosure material or grease duct enclosure system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion. 5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the grease duct enclosure system. 5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the grease duct enclosure system.Note 2—The information in 5.3.2-

Standard Test Methods for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems

ASTM E1995-04a 在单闭室中利用水平试样测量烟雾昏暗度的试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring smoke obscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), not exceeding 25 mm [1 in.] in thickness, in a horizontal orientation, exposed to specified levels of thermal irradiance, from a conical heater, in the presence of a pilot flame, in a single closed chamber. Optional testing modes exclude the pilot flame.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method is the specific optical density of smoke from the specimens tested, which is obtained as a function of time, for a period of 10 min.1.4 An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurable with this test method is the mass optical density (see ), which is the specific optical density of smoke divided by the mass lost by the specimens during the test.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly.1.6 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For limitations of this test method, see 5.5.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The inch-pound units given in brackets are for information only.1.8 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also 6.2.1.2, Section 7, and 11.7.2.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber, With the Test Specimen Oriented Horizontally

ASTM D6194-04 材料的辉光线点燃标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm.1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.Note 18212;Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.

Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

ASTM E2336-04 耐火润滑脂管道密封系统的标准试验方法

Note 18212;The majority of this standard is based on the Model Building Code Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria titled ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR GREASE DUCT ENCLOSURE ASSEMBLIES, AC101, which was created in 1994. Numerous design listings and labeled materials exist based on the provisions of this standard. 1.1 These test methods evaluate the enclosure materials and the grease duct enclosure systems using the following test methods: noncombustibility, fire resistance, durability, internal fire, and fire-engulfment with a through-penetration fire stop.1.2 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire exposure for comparing the test results of the enclosure materials and grease duct enclosure systems. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of grease duct enclosure systems. Using these test results to predict the performance of actual grease duct enclosure systems requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire test response standard.1.5 These test methods are used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 These test methods do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of these test methods to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Systems

ASTM E1995-04 在单闭室中利用水平试样测量烟雾昏暗度的试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring smoke obscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), not exceeding 25 mm [1 in.] in thickness, in a horizontal orientation, exposed to specified levels of thermal irradiance, from a conical heater, in the presence of a pilot flame, in a single closed chamber. Optional testing modes exclude the pilot flame.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method is the specific optical density of smoke from the specimens tested, which is obtained as a function of time, for a period of 10 min.1.4 An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurable with this test method is the mass optical density (see ), which is the specific optical density of smoke divided by the mass lost by the specimens during the test.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly.1.6 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For limitations of this test method, see 5.5.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The inch-pound units given in brackets are for information only.1.8 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also 6.2.1.2, Section 7, and 11.7.2.1.10This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber, With the Test Specimen Oriented Horizontally

ASTM D2859-04 精制纺织地板覆盖物着火特性标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials