13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of m 标准查询与下载

ASTM E662-01 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, of assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM G74-01 材料对气流冲击着火敏感度的标准测试方法

This test evaluates the relative sensitivity of materials to dynamic pressure impacts by various gaseous fluid media (may include mixtures of gases). Any change or variations in test specimen configurations, thickness, preparation, and cleanliness may cause a significant change in impact sensitivity/reaction. A reaction is indicated by an abrupt increase in test specimen temperature or by obvious changes in odor, color, or material appearance, or a combination thereof, as observed during post test examinations. Odor alone is not considered positive evidence that a reaction has occurred. Suggested criteria for test completion at a given pressure are: 4.4.1 Each specimen is subjected to five impacts. 4.4.2 A material passes if no reactions occur in 20 successive samples. 4.4.3 A material fails if one reaction occurs in a maximum of 20 or fewer successive samples. Materials may be ranked by the maximum pressure (pressure threshold) at which they pass the test. Material acceptance may be on the basis of passing at a selected pressure.1.1 This method describes a technique to determine the relative sensitivity of materials to dynamic pressure impacts by gases such as oxygen, air, or blends of gases containing oxygen.1.2 This method describes the test apparatus and test procedures that may be employed in the evaluation of materials for use in gases under dynamic pressure operating conditions up to gage pressures of 10 000 psi (69 MPa) at ambient temperature.1.3 This method is primarily a test for ranking of materials. This method is not necessarily valid for determination of the sensitivity of the materials in an "as-used" configuration since the material sensitivity may be altered because of changes in material configuration, usage, and environment. This method can be employed to provide batch-to-batch acceptance data. Acceptability of any material may be based on its performance at a particular test pressure, or test pressure may be varied to determine the reaction threshold of a material, as specified by the user.1.4 The criteria used for the acceptance, retest, and rejection of materials for any given application shall be determined by the user and are not fixed by this method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Gaseous Fluid Impact

ASTM F1550-01 使用实验规模耗氧热量计测定床垫或家具遭破坏后修复用部件或合成材料燃烧试验响应特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard is designed for use to determine various fire-test-response characteristics, including ignitability and heat release rate, from composites of mattresses or furniture, or correctional facilities, which have been vandalized in a prescribed manner to expose the filling material, by using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurements of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. See 5.7 for limitations.1.3 The apparatus used in this test method is also capable of determining heat release data at different heat fluxes.1.4 The specimen is oriented horizontally and a spark ignition source is used.1.5 All fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and the procedures described in Test Method E1354.1.6 The tests are done on bench-scale specimens combining the mattress or furniture outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.7 The vandalism is simulated by causing a prescribed cut on the outer layer of the composite, deep enough to expose the filling material to the incident radiation.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see Section 7.

Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture for Use in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism, by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calori

ASTM E2058-01 用火焰传播仪(FPA)测量合成聚合物材料易燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Qchem), and convective ( Qc) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Qchem, Qc'm, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test to determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering.1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool.1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

ASTM F1898-01 婴幼儿用非机动轮式车辆头盔的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by infants and toddlers as passengers or operators of nonmotorized vehicles intended for their use. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F 1446 except as noted.1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification must be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of this specification in their entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed this standard, and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of this standard.

Standard Specification for Helmets for Non-Motorized Wheeled Vehicle Used by Infants and Toddlers

ASTM E1590-01 床垫耐火试验标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further information.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see Practice E380. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses

ASTM F1898-00 婴幼儿用非机动轮式车辆头盔的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured for use by infants and toddlers as passengers or operators of nonmotorized vehicles intended for their use. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performance standard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods F 1446 except as noted.1.3 Partial utilization of this standard is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification must be a certification that the product meets all of the requirements of this specification in their entirety. A product that fails to meet any one of the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed this standard, and should not be sold with any indication that it meets parts of this standard.

Standard Specification for Helmets for Non-Motorized Wheeled Vehicle Used by Infants and Toddlers

ASTM E2102-00 使用锥形辐射加热器测量屏蔽的质量损失和可燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a means of measuring mass loss and ignitability, for screening purposes, from essentially planar materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating, with or without an external ignitor. This test method is intended for screening purposes only.1.2 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test method are those associated with mass loss from the specimens tested, as a function of time. Time to sustained flaming is also determined. Heat release is, optionally, determined using thermopile measurements detailed in Annex A2.1.2.1 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are best used for comparisons between materials with some similarities in composition or structure.1.3 The relationship between mass loss and heat release depends on the material, product, or assembly tested, and no universal formula exists for calculation of heat release using mass loss measurements (see also additional limitations in 5.7).1.4 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test method are also obtainable with the apparatus used in Test Method E1354 (the cone calorimeter) or in an applications standards of that equipment (see also 5.4). The referenced test methods permit measurements of added fire-test-response characteristics.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained by this test method are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly. 1.6 This fire-test-response method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For additional limitations of this test method, see 5.7.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also Section 7.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Mass Loss and Ignitability for Screening Purposes Using a Conical Radiant Heater

ASTM E2058-00 用火焰传播仪(FPA)测量合成聚合物材料易燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Qchem), and convective ( Qc) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Qchem, Qc'm, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test to determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering.1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool.1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

ASTM D5425-00 制定电工技术产品易燃性评定标准用的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides guidance on the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. For the purposes of this guide, products include materials, components, and end-use products. 1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.

Standard Guide for Development of Fire Hazard Assessment Standards of Electrotechnical Products

ASTM E2074-00 包括侧铰链和旋转门组件的正压力试验的门组件防火的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard is applicable to door assemblies for use in walls to retard the passage of fire (see .).1.2 This fire-test-response standard determines the ability of door assemblies to function as a fire-resistive barrier during a standard fire endurance test. Such a test meth shall not be construed as determining the suitability of door assemblies for continued use after their exposure to fire.1.3 This fire-test-response standard is intended to evaluate the ability of a door assembly to remain in an opening during a predetermined test exposure, which when required by is then followed by the application of a hose stream (see ).1.4 The hose stream test used in this test method is not designed to be representative of an actual hose stream used by a fire department during fire suppression efforts.1.5 The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions, which vary with changes in the amount, nature, and distribution of the fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat characteristics of the compartment. It does, however, provide a relative measure of fire endurance of door assemblies under specified fire exposure conditions.1.6 Any variation from the tested construction or test conditions will possibly change the performance characteristics of door assembly.1.7 This fire-test-response standard does not provide the following:1.7.1 The fire endurance of door assemblies constructed of materials other than those tested.1.7.2 A temperature limit on the unexposed surface of the door assembly, although the temperatures are measured and recorded.1.7.3 A limit on the number of openings allowed in glazed areas or of the number and size of lateral openings between the door and frame.1.7.4 A measurement of smoke or products of combustion that pass through the door assembly.1.7.5 A measurement of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion generated by the door assembly.Note 1The information in and may be important in determining the fire hazard or fire risk of door assemblies under actual fire conditions. This information may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, flame spread and smoke development may be determined by Test Method E 84.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This standard is intended to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and is not intended to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test are permitted to be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.9 This test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.10 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, Including Positive Pressure Testing of Side-Hinged and Pivoted Swinging Door Assemblies

ASTM D93-00 用潘斯基-马丁斯仪闭杯闪点测定器测定闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360oC by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus. Note 1--Flash point determination as above 250oC can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100oC.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosene, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.Note 2--Liquids having kinematic viscosities less than 5.5 mm 2/s (cSt) at 40oC (104oF), do not contain suspended solids, or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test conditions, can be tested in accordance with Test Method D56.1.4 This test method is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM F1550-00 使用实验规模耗氧热量计测定床垫或家具遭破坏后修复用部件或合成材料燃烧试验响应特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard is designed for use to determine various fire-test-response characteristics, including ignitability and heat release rate, from composites of mattresses or furniture, or correctional facilities, which have been vandalized in a prescribed manner to expose the filling material, by using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurements of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. See 5.7 for limitations.1.3 The apparatus used in this test method is also capable of determining heat release data at different heat fluxes.1.4 The specimen is oriented horizontally and a spark ignition source is used.1.5 All fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and the procedures described in Test Method E1354.1.6 The tests are done on bench-scale specimens combining the mattress or furniture outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.7 The vandalism is simulated by causing a prescribed cut on the outer layer of the composite, deep enough to expose the filling material to the incident radiation.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see Section 7.

Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture for Use in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism, by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calori

ASTM G125-00 测量气体氧化剂中液体和固体材料着火极限的标准试验方法

This test method provides for measuring of the minimum conditions of a range of parameters (concentration of oxidant in a flowing mixture of oxidant and diluent, pressure, temperature) that will just support sustained propagation of combustion. For materials that exhibit flaming combustion, this is a flammability limit similar to the lower flammability9 limit, upper flammability limit, and minimum oxidant for combustion of gases (1). However, unlike flammability limits for gases, in two-phase systems, the concept of upper and lower flame limits is not meaningful. However, limits can typically be determined for variations in other parameters such as the minimum oxidant for combustion (the oxidant index), the pressure limit, the temperature limit, and others. Measurement and use of these data are analogous to the measurement and use of the corresponding data for gaseous systems. That is, the limits apply to systems likely to experience complete propagations (equilibrium combustion). Successful ignition and combustion below the measured limits at other conditions or of a transient nature are not precluded below the threshold. Flammability limits measured at one set of conditions are not necessarily the lowest thresholds at which combustion can occur. Therefore direct correlation of these data with the burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the threshold-limit conditions to allow equilibrium of combustion of materials in various oxidant gases under specific test conditions of pressure, temperature, flow condition, fire-propagation directions, and various other geometrical features of common systems.1.2 This test method is patterned after Test Method D2863-95 and incorporates its procedure for measuring the limit as a function of oxidant concentration for the most commonly used test conditions. Sections 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14 for the basic oxidant limit (oxygen index) procedure are quoted directly from Test Method D2863-95. Oxygen index data reported in accordance with Test Method D2863-95 are acceptable substitutes for data collected with this standard under similar conditions. 1.3 This test method has been found applicable to testing and ranking various forms of materials. It has also found limited usefulness for surmising the prospect that materials will prove "oxygen compatible" in actual systems. However, its results do not necessarily apply to any condition that does not faithfully reproduce the conditions during test. The fire limit is a measurement of a behavioral property and not a physical property. Uses of these data are addressed in Guides G63 and G94. Note 1--Although this test method has been found applicable for testing a range of materials in a range of oxidants with a range of diluents, the accuracy has not been determined for many of these combinations and conditions of specimen geometry, outside those of the basic procedure as applied to plastics.Note 2--Test Method D2863-95 has been revised and the revised Test Method has been issued as D2863-97. The major changes involve sample dimensions, burning criteria and the method for determining the oxygen index. The aim of the revisions was to alignTest Method D2863 with ISO 4589-2. Six laboratories conducted comparison round robin testing on self-supporting plastics and cellular materials using D2863-95 and D2863-97. The results indicate that there is no difference between the means provided y the two methods at the 95 % confidence level. No comparison tests were conducted on thin films. The majority of ASTM Committee G4 favors maintaining the D2863-95 as the backbone of G125 until comprehensive comparison data become available.1.4 One very specific set of test conditions for measuring the fire limits of metals in oxygen has been co......

Standard Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Material Fire Limits in Gaseous Oxidants

ASTM D5424-99 电缆或光缆的绝缘材料在立式电缆槽结构中燃烧时烟雾造成黯淡的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. 1.3 This standard provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays. 1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this standard nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition. 1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained. 1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured. 1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both. 1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss. 1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. 1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see Practice E380). 1.11 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.12 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous. Employ adequate safeguards for personnel and property in conducting these tests. 1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

ASTM E2010-99 窗组件正压燃烧试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers fire-test-response applicable to window assemblies, including glass block and other light transmitting assemblies, for use in walls or partitions to retard the passage of fire (see Appendix X1). 1.2 This fire-test-response test method will determine the ability of window assemblies, including glass block and other light transmitting assemblies, to function as a fire barrier during a standard fire endurance test. Such tests shall not be construed as determining suitability of window assemblies for continued use after fire exposure (see Appendix X1.2). 1.3 This fire-test-response test method is intended to evaluate the ability of window assemblies, including glass block or other light transmitting assemblies, to remain in a wall or partition during a predetermined fire test exposure, which is then followed by the application of a hose stream (see Appendix X1.3). 1.4 The fire exposure is not necessarily representative of all fire conditions, which normally vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. It does, however, provide a relative measure of fire performance of window assemblies under threse specified fire exposure conditions. 1.5 The hose stream test used in this test method is not designed to be representative of an actual hose stream used by a fire department during fire suppression efforts. 1.6 Any variation from the construction or conditions that are tested will possibly change the performance characteristics of the assembly. 1.7 This fire-test-response standard does not provide the following: 1.7.1 The fire endurance of window assemblies in walls or partitions constructed of materials other than those tested. 1.7.2 A temperature measurement on the unexposed surface of the window assembly. 1.7.3 A measurement of smoke or products of combustion that pass through the window assembly. 1.7.4 A measurement of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion generated by the window assembly. Note 18212;The information in 1.7.3 and 1.7.4 may be important in determining the fire hazard or fire risk of window assemblies under actual fire conditions. This information may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, flame spread and smoke development may be determined by Test Method E 84. 1.8 The fire-test-response test method permits through-openings, that are created by cracking, separation, or loss of glazing material, provided they do not exceed specified limits. 1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Note 28212;Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance to this test method. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.12 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.

Standard Test Method for Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Window Assemblies

ASTM E1352-99 模型化装软垫的组合家俱的抗烟卷点燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions. 1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered furniture such as cover materials, cushioning materials, welts, etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric arrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides of furniture items. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies

ASTM D6413-99 织物火焰抗性的标准试验方法(垂直试验)

This test method determines the response of textiles to a standard ignition source, deriving measurement values for afterflame time, afterglow time, and char length. The vertical flame resistance, as determined by this test method, only relates to a specified flame exposure and application time. This test method maintains the specimen in a static, draft-free, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure. Test Method D 6413 has been adopted from Federal Test Standard No. 191A method 5903.1, which has been used for many years in acceptance testing. The between-laboratory precision of this test method has not been established. Refer to Section 14 for single-laboratory precision. 5.4.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and that are assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration on the known bias.1.1 This test method is used to measure the vertical flame resistance of textiles. 1.1.1 As a part of the meaure of flame resistance, afterflame and afterglow characteristics are evaluated. 1.2 This standard shall be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to be regarded separately. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently without combining values. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)

ASTM F1870-99 在滞留和校正设备中评定选择装饰家具的着火试验方法的标准指南

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This guide is intended to provide guidance for the selection of test methods that are applicable to determining fire-test-response characteristics of upholstered furniture items contained within a detention cell. 1.3 This guide is intended for use by those interested in assessing the fire properties of the upholstery products and their component materials or composites, within cells and other areas (such as isolation lounges) of detention and correctional occupancies. 1.4 This guide includes standard test methods promulgated by ASTM, NFPA, Underwriters Laboratories, trade associations and government agencies and other proposed test methods. It does not include industrial materials specification tests. The guide indicates some means by which modifications of standard test methods lead to potential achievement of certain testing goals. 1.5 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions associated with this guide; see Practice E 380. The units given in parentheses are for information only. Some individual standards referenced use inch-pound units for referee decisions. 1.6 This guide contains four types of test mthods, namely: (a) generic small-scale test methods, (b) specific applications of small-scale test methods to particular products or composites of products, associated with upholstery items, (c) real-scale test methods where actual upholstery products are exposed to heat or flame and (d) guides explaining the concepts involved with room-scale testing. 1.7 The main fire-test-response characteristics investigated in this guide are: ignitability, ease of extinction, flame spread, heat release, smoke obscuration and toxic potency of smoke. 1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Fire Test Methods for the Assessment of Upholstered Furnishings in Detention and Correctional Facilities

ASTM F1959/F1959M-99 服装材料电弧额定值测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method will measure the arc thermal performance value of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 6 in. char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Federal Test Method 191A Method 5903.1. 1.2 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens. 1.3 This test method may be used to generate information for the development of smaller scale test melthods. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Thermal Performance Value of Materials for Clothing