17.060 (Measurement of volume, mass, density, visc 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2162-06 标准粘度计和粘性油标准的基本校正的标准实施规程

Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) and kinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematic viscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards. Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D 446. Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D 446.1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D 445 and Specifications D 446 over the temperature range from 15 to 100176;C.1.2 The calibration constants in mm2/s 2 are to be regarded as the standard. The kinematic viscosities in mm 2/s are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

ASTM D445-06 透明和不透明液体运动粘度的标准试验方法(包括动态粘度的计算)

Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, , of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, , can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, , by the density, , of the liquid. Note 1For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.Note 2ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D 445.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see and ). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

ASTM D7279-06 用自动黏度计法测定透明与不透明液体运动粘度的标准试验方法

Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum products are used as lubricants in the equipment, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the lubricant being used. Additionally, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. The viscosity of used oils is a commonly determined parameter in the oil industry to assess the effect of engine wear on the lube oils used, as well as the degradation of the engine parts during operation. The Houillon viscometer tube method offers automated determination of kinematic viscosity. Typically a sample volume of less than 1 mL is required for the analysis.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids such as fresh and used lubricating oils using a Houillon viscometer in automated mode.1.2 The range of kinematic viscosity covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 1000 mm2/s in the temperature range between 20176;C and 150176;C; however, the precision has only been determined for the materials, viscosity range, and temperatures as stated in the precision section (viscosity range 25 to 150 mm2/s at 40176;C and 5 to 16 mm2/s at 100176;C).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids by Automated Houillon Viscometer

ASTM D446-06 玻璃毛细管运动粘度计操作说明书和标准规范

1.1 These specifications cover operating instructions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types described in detail in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as follows:Modified Ostwald viscometers, Suspended-level viscometers, Reverse-flow viscometers, 1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in Section 6.1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D 445. Other viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision given in Test Method D 445 may be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers

ASTM D7271-06(2012) 使用振荡流变仪测定胶粘油墨载体粘胶弹性特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the viscoelastic properties of printing ink vehicles by measuring the G', G???, and tan delta using a controlled strain cone and plate oscillatory rheometer. 1.2 This test method provides the flexibility of using several different types of rheometers to determine viscoelastic properties in ink vehicles. 1.3 This test method is not intended for systems that are volatile at procedure temperatures as evaporation may occur effectively changing the percent solids before testing is finished and significantly altering the rheology. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory Rheometer

ASTM D6022-06 永久剪切稳定性指数计算的标准实施规程

Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) is a measure of the loss of viscosity, due to shearing, contributed by a specified additive. Note 28212;For example, a PSSI of 50 means the additive will lose 50 % of the viscosity it contributes to the finished oil. The selection of appropriate base fluids and additive concentrations to be used in test oils is left to individual operators or companies. These choices will depend on the intended application for the additive. Note 38212;PSSI may depend more strongly on base fluid, additive concentration, additive chemistry, and the presence of other additives for base fluids of unusual composition (for example, esters) or if additives outside the common range of chemistries and concentrations are used. Caution should be exercised when interpreting results from different sources.1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can then be used to estimate the effects of that component on finished lubricant blends.1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may use data from many different test methods. The calculation is presented in its most general form in order not to restrict its use.

Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index

ASTM D7109-06 利用欧洲柴油喷射器装置在30和90圈的含流体聚合物的剪切稳定性的标准试验方法

This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effects are minimized. This test method may be used for quality control purposes by manufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their customers. This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss in field service in different field equipment under widely varying operating conditions, which may cause lubricant viscosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes, as well as by the mechanical shearing of polymer. However, when the field service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in the degradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may be a correlation between the results from this test method and results from the field.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method measures the viscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing.Note 1This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing. For most oils, there is a correlation between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing, but this is not universal.Note 2Test Method D 6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D 6278 has not been established.Note 3Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.Note 4This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of time required for calibration.Note 5Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.Note 6This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than Test Method D 3945.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles

ASTM E100-05 ASTM流体比重计的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D7109-05 利用欧洲柴油喷射器装置在30和90圈的含流体聚合物的剪切稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method measures the viscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing.Note 1This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing. In general, there is no correlation between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing.Note 2Test Method D 6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D 6278 has not been established.Note 3Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.Note 4This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of time required for calibration.Note 5Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.Note 6This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than Test Method D 3945.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles

ASTM D2161-05 运动粘度换算成塞波特通用粘度或塞波特重油粘度的标准实施规程

At one time the petroleum industry relied on measuring kinematic viscosity by means of the Saybolt viscometer, and expressing kinematic viscosity in units of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) and Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This practice is now obsolete in the petroleum industry. This practice establishes the official equations relating SUS and SFS to the SI kinematic viscosity units, mm2/s. This practice allows for the conversion between SUS and SFS units and SI units of kinematic viscosity.1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in mm2/s at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in mm 2/s at 122 and 210176;F (50 and 98.9176;C) to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 68176;F (20176;C). Note 1A fundamental and preferred method for measuring kinematic viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method D 445. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in millimetres squared per second, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This method is being retained for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit commonly found in older literature.1.2 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity, mm2/s, and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit are the standard in this practice.

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

ASTM E126-05 流体比重计检验和鉴定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection and verification of glass hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. It is intended to apply to ASTM hydrometers as well as to glass hydrometers in general.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Hydrometers

ASTM E126-05a 流体比重计检验和鉴定的标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to establish a common method by which manufacturers and users of ASTM hydrometers inspect, verify, or calibrate their hydrometers. The goal is to provide a standard method that is simple, easily understood, and will produce reliable results.1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type.Note 1 User must determine the applicability of this method for hydrometers other than ASTM hydrometers. Method studies were completed for ASTM hydrometers only and the precision and bias statements were developed using ASTM hydrometers only. References to other types of hydrometers are for user information only. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D2161-05e1 塞波特通用粘度或塞波特重油粘度的标准实施规程

At one time the petroleum industry relied on measuring kinematic viscosity by means of the Saybolt viscometer, and expressing kinematic viscosity in units of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) and Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This practice is now obsolete in the petroleum industry. This practice establishes the official equations relating SUS and SFS to the SI kinematic viscosity units, mm2/s. This practice allows for the conversion between SUS and SFS units and SI units of kinematic viscosity.1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in mm2/s at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in mm2/s at 122 and 210°F (50 and 98.9°C) to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 68°F (20°C). Note 18212;A fundamental and preferred method for measuring kinematic viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method D 445. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in millimetres squared per second, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This method is being retained for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit commonly found in older literature. 1.2 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity, mm2/s, and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit are the standard in this practice.

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

ASTM D7109-04 利用欧洲柴油喷射器装置的含流体聚合物的剪切稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method measures the viscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedure that uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle. Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing.Note 1This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing. In general, there is no correlation between results after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing.Note 2Test Method D 6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between results from this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D 6278 has not been established.Note 3Test Method D 2603 has been used for similar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.Note 4This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of time required for calibration.Note 5Test Method D 5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.Note 6This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than Test Method D 3945.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles

ASTM D2161-04 运动粘度换算成赛波特通用粘度或赛波特重油粘度的方法

1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 122 and 210176F to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0038 mm2/s (cSt) at 68176F (20176C). Note 1-A fundamental and preferred method for measuring kinematic viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method D445, It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in centistokes, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). Thus this method is being retained for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data which appear in past literature. One centistokes equals one millimetre squared per second (mm2/s). 1.2 The SI unit of kinematic viscosity, mm2/s, and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit are the standard in this practice.

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

ASTM D2270-04 在40℃和100℃时从运动粘度计算粘度指数的标准实施规程

The viscosity index is a widely used and accepted measure of the variation in kinematic viscosity due to changes in the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 and 100°C. A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease in kinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubricant. The viscosity index is used in practice as a single number indicating temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and 100oC.Note 1 -- The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kinematic viscosities determined at 40 and 100oC are virtually the same as those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities determined at 37.78 and 98.89oC.1.1.1 Procedure A - For petroleum products of viscosity index up to and including 100.1.1.2 Procedure B - For petroleum products of which the viscosity index is 100 or greater.1.2 This standard does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC. Table 1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC. Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC.Note 2 - 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s = 106m2/s.1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not available at temperatures of 40 and 100oC, an estimate may be made of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 40 and 100oC from data obtained at other temperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered as suitable for information only and not for specification purposes. See Test Method D 341, Annex A1.1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined with reference to a value of 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 20.00oC for distilled water. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods D 445, IP 71, ISO 3104, or ISO 2909.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100176C

ASTM D446-04 玻璃毛细管运动粘度计操作说明书和标准规范

1.1 This standard gives specifications and operating instructions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types described in detail in , , and as follows:Modified Ostwald viscometers, Suspended-level viscometers, Reverse-flow viscometers, 1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in Section .1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D 445. Other viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision given in Test Method D 445 may be used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers

ASTM D445-04 透明和不透明液体运动粘度(和动粘度的计算)的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, 957;, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, 951;, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, 957;, by the density, 961;, of the liquid.Note 18212;For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

ASTM D7042-04 使用Stabinger粘度计测定液体的动态粘度和密度的标准试验方法(和运动粘度的计算)

Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, 951;, and the density, 961;, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ny, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, 951;, by the density, 961;, obtained at the same test temperature.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).1.3 While the precision has only been determined for base oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPas at 40176;C and from 0.83 to 31.6 mPas at 100176;C and in the density range from 0.82 to 0.92 g/mL at 15176;C (see 15.4), the test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias (Section 15), the precision and bias may not be applicable.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)

ASTM D445-04e1 透明和不透明液体运动粘度(和动粘度的计算)的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, 957;, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, 951;, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, 957;, by the density, 961;, of the liquid.Note 18212;For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)