17.060 (Measurement of volume, mass, density, visc 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6606-00(2005) 用DUCK粘度计测定调色剂和清漆粘度和屈服点的标准试验方法

Actual direct measurements of apparent viscosity and stress at shear rates of interest can be useful in the practical control of ink viscosity during production and the specification acceptance between supplier and purchaser. Use of the Duke automated viscometer provides direct measurements for viscosity and yield value versus extrapolating data points that may be far from the desired shear rates.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the viscosity of varnishes, ink vehicles, and similar liquids that are essentially nonvolatile and unreactive under ordinary room conditions using the Duke Automated high-shear rod and collar viscometer.1.2 The instrument in this test method is similar in principle to the falling-rod viscometer described in Test Method D 4040 except that the collar is motor driven and the range of available shear stresses is considerably greater. This instrument is capable of measured and extrapolated viscosity and yield values provided the proper model is chosen for the given application. See Section 6 for the ranges of specified models.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, that may be associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish any appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity and Yield of Vehicles and Varnishes by the Duke Viscometer

ASTM E542-00 试验室量器校准的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for use in the calibration of volumetric ware, in accordance with E694 such as is in common use in chemical and clinical laboratories. It is based on the gravimetric determination of the quantity of water either contained or delivered, and the conversion of this value to true volume at the standard temperature of 20oC by means of suitable equations and standard tables. Calibration using mercury is excluded. Calibration may be performed using alternative gravimetric methodology, provided that it is demonstrated and documented that the results obtained are equivalent to those obtained using the methodology described herein. 1.2 This practice is intended to encompass capacity ware between the limits of 0.1 cm3 and 2000 cm3. Typical products falling within the purview of this practice are burets graduated" to deliver", graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, specific gravity flasks, measuring and dilution pipets, and transfer and capacity pipets.1.3 The procedures are not recommended for calibration of apparatus with capacities below 0.1 cm3, such as microglassware.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric Apparatus

ASTM C1005-00 水硬水泥物理试验中质量和体积测定用标准质量与称重器具的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for scales, balances, reference masses, and glass graduates used in the physical testing of hydraulic cements.1.2 Requirements for analytical reference masses and balances are not included in this specification, but are to be found in Test Methods C114. The use of restrictive terminology, classes, ranges, etc. has been intentionally avoided to allow the use of this specification by other standards-writing bodies with similar requirements for reference masses and devices for determining mass, if desired.1.3 These requirements are not sufficiently descriptive to be used as the sole specifications for the purchase of reference masses or devices for determining mass without amplification.1.4 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI-10, of measurement made in other units.

Standard Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of Hydraulic Cements

ASTM D2162-99(2004) 主粘度计和粘度油标准的基本校准的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D 445 and Specifications D 446 over the temperature range from 15 to 100176;C.1.2 The calibration constants in mm2/s 2 are to be regarded as the standard. The kinematic viscosities in mm2/s are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

ASTM D4212-99 浸渍型粘度杯测定粘度的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended only for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should not be used to check compliance with specifications. 1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

ASTM D4212-99(2005) 浸渍型粘度杯测定粘度的试验方法

Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids. This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors. There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias, including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D 1200), and the Brookfield viscometer (Test Methods D 2196). Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate viscometers (Test Method D 4287) provide more information about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate related properties of coatings.1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D 2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

ASTM D2196-99 旋转(布鲁克菲尔德)粘度计测定非牛顿材料流变性能的试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s . 1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

ASTM E908-98(2012) 校验气体参考泄漏的标准方法

1.1 This practice covers procedures for calibrating leak artifacts of a specified gas, that may be used for determining the response of leak detectors, or in other situations where a known small flow of gas is required. The purpose of this practice is to establish calibration without reference to other calibrated leaks in as straightforward a manner as possible using the likeliest available equipment. While the uncertainties associated with these procedures will most likely be greater than those obtained via traceable calibration chains (on the order of 108201;%), these procedures allow independent means of establishing or verifying the leakage rate from leak artifacts of questionable history, or when traceable leak artifacts are not available. 1.2 Two types of leaks are considered: 1.2.1 Type I???Pressure to vacuum. 1.2.2 Type II???Pressure to atmosphere. 1.3 Three calibration methods are described under each type of reference leak: 1.3.1 Method A???Accumulation comparison, using a known volume of gas at specified conditions of temperature and pressure as a reference. 1.3.2 Method B???Accumulation comparison, using a leak artifact calibrated using Method A. 1.3.3 Method C???Displacement of a liquid slug, by the leak, in capillary tube of known dimensions. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibrating Gaseous Reference Leaks

ASTM D5478-98 落针粘度计测定材料粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. These test methods are applicable to liquids having viscosities in the range from 5 X 10 -4 to 10 Pa[dot]s (0.5 to 10 cP). The shear rate range is dependent upon the needle used and viscosity of the liquid and may vary from 10 -4 to 10 s -1 . 1.2 The yield stress of liquids having this property may also be determined. 1.3 These test methods consist of determining liquid viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (clear or opaque) by measuring the steady-state (constant) or terminal velocities of cylindrical needles as they fall through the test liquid under the influence of gravity. Yield stresses of non-Newtonian liquids may be measured using the same procedure.

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Materials by a Falling Needle Viscometer

ASTM D6172-98e1 用断面或用由摄影测量学过程直接操作者应用产生的交叉部分测定散装材料容积的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures concerning site preparation, technical procedures, quality control, and equipment to direct the efforts for determining volumes of bulk material. these procedures include practical and accepted methods of volumetric determination.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Volume of Bulk Materials Using Contours or Cross Sections Created by Direct Operator Compilation Using Photogrammetric Procedures

ASTM D5478-98(2003) 落针粘度计测定材料粘度的标准试验方法

These test methods are applicable for measuring the rheological properties of varnishes and paints. In particular, the low to moderate shear rate measurements provide information related to sag resistance, leveling, etc.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. These test methods are applicable to liquids having viscosities in the range from 5 215; 10-4 to 103 Pas (0.5 to 106 cP). The shear rate range is dependent upon the needle used and viscosity of the liquid and may vary from 10-4 to 103s-1.1.2 The yield stress of liquids having this property may also be determined.1.3 These test methods consist of determining liquid viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (clear or opaque) by measuring the steady-state (constant) or terminal velocities of cylindrical needles as they fall through the test liquid under the influence of gravity. Yield stresses of non-Newtonian liquids may be measured using the same procedure.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Materials by a Falling Needle Viscometer

ASTM E908-98 气体基准泄漏量校准标准规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for calibrating leak artifacts of a specified gas, that may be used for determining the response of leak detectors, or in other situations where a known small flow of gas is required. The purpose of this practice is to establish calibration without reference to other calibrated leaks in as straightforward a manner as possible using the likeliest available equipment. While the uncertainties associated with these procedures will most likely be greater than those obtained via traceable calibration chains (on the order of 10%), these procedures allow independent means of establishing or verifying the leakage rate from leak artifacts of questionable history, or when traceable leak artifacts are not available. 1.2 Two types of leaks are considered: 1.2.1 Type I -Pressure to vacuum. 1.2.2 Type II -Pressure to atmosphere. 1.3 Three calibration methods are described under each type of reference leak: 1.3.1 Method A -Accumulation comparison, using a known volume of gas at specified conditions of temperature and pressure as a reference. 1.3.2 Method B -Accumulation comparison, using a leak artifact calibrated using Method A. 1.3.3 Method C -Displacement of a liquid slug, by the leak, in capillary tube of known dimensions. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be appropriate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibrating Gaseous Reference Leaks

ASTM D6172-98(2004) 用断面或用由摄影测量学过程直接操作者应用产生的交叉部分测定散装材料容积的标准试验方法

This test method audits the volume of material in a stockpile and is used with a density value to calculate a tonnage calculation value used to compare the book value to the physical inventory results. This test method is used to determine the volume of coal or other materials in a stockpile.1.1 This test method covers procedures concerning site preparation, technical procedures, quality control, and equipment to direct the efforts for determining volumes of bulk material. These procedures include practical and accepted methods of volumetric determination.1.2 This test method allows for only two volume computation methods.1.2.1 Contour Test MethodSee and .1.2.2 Cross-Section Test MethodSee and 1.2.3 This test method requires direct operator compilation for both contours and cross-section development.1.2.4 The use of Digital Terrain Model software and procedures to create contours or cross sections for volume calculation is NOT encompassed in this test method.Note 1A task group has been established to develop a test method for Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM) procedures. It will address all known data collection procedures such as conventional ground survey, photogrammetry, geodetic positioning satellite (GPS), and so forth.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems can result in nonconformance with the specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Volume of Bulk Materials Using Contours or Cross Sections Created by Direct Operator Compilation Using Photogrammetric Procedures

ASTM D4222-98 静态体积测量法测定催化剂氮吸附和解附等温线的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms of catalysts and catalyst carriers at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. A static volumetric measuring system is used to obtain about thirty equilibrium adsorption points on each branch of the isotherm, these points being evenly spread over the isotherm. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Adsorption and Desorption Isotherms of Catalysts By Static Volumetric Measurements

ASTM E1865-97(2013) 空气中气体和蒸气的开路傅里叶传输红外线 (OP/FT-IR) 监测的标准指南

4.1 This guide is intended for users of OP/FT-IR monitors. Applications of OP/FT-IR systems include monitoring for hazardous air pollutants in ambient air, along the perimeter of an industrial facility, at hazardous waste sites and landfills, in response to accidental chemical spills or releases, and in workplace environments. 1.1 This guide covers active open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) monitors and provides guidelines for using active OP/FT-IR monitors to obtain concentrations of gases and vapors in air. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP/FT-IR) Monitoring of Gases and Vapors in Air

ASTM E1865-97(2002) 监测空气中气体和蒸气的开放路径傅里叶传输红外OP/FT-IR的标准指南

1.1 This guide describes active open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) monitors and provides guidelines for using active OP/FT-IR monitors to obtain concentrations of gases and vapors in air. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP/FT-IR) Monitoring of Gases and Vapors in Air

ASTM D445-97 透明和不透明液体运动粘度的标准试验方法(包括动态粘度的计算)

1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, , of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, n, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity,p , by the density,v , of the liquid. Note 1--For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

ASTM B873-96 B212,B329和B417的测试方法中用的表观密度杯的容积测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the volume of the apparent density cups used in Test Methods B 212, B 329, and B 417.1.2 The apparent density cup, particularly its rim, may become worn during use, and it is recommended that the volume of the cup be checked periodically (at least every 6 months) in order to ensure that it complies with the specified volume.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417

ASTM D5931-96(2007) 用数字密度计对发动机冷冻剂的浓缩和水般的发动机冷冻剂的标准测试方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants. Determination of the density or relative density of these products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty.1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 0.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter

ASTM D4052-96(2002)e1 数字密度计测定液体密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35176;C. Its application is restricted to liquids with vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below about 15000 cSt (mm 2/s) at the temperature of test.1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D 5002.1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 9.1.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter