17.160 振动、冲击和振动测量 标准查询与下载

KS B IEC 60994:2021 水力机械（涡轮机、蓄能泵和水泵涡轮机）振动和脉动的现场测量指南

Guide for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines(turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines)

KS B IEC 60994-2021 水力机械（涡轮机、蓄能泵和水泵涡轮机）振动和脉动的现场测量指南

Guide for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulic machines(turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines)

BS ISO 23670:2021 空间系统 振动测试

Space systems. Vibration testing

KS B 5216-2021 固定式调速器式转速表

Stationary governor type tachometers

ISO 23670:2021 航天系统.振动试验

This document provides guidance and requirements for test providers and interested parties to implement vibration testing. This document specifies methods, including the force limiting approach, to mitigate unnecessary over- testing of spacecraft, subsystems and units for space application. The technical requirements in this document can be tailored to meet the actual test objectives.

Space systems - Vibration testing

KS B ISO 13381-1-2021 机器状态监测和诊断 预测 第1部分：一般指南

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines－Prognostics－Part 1：General guidelines

KS B ISO 16063-16-2021 振动和冲击传感器的校准方法第16部分：地球引力校准

Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers —Part 16: Calibration by Earth's gravitation

KS B ISO 14839-2-2021 机械振动 装有主动磁力轴承的旋转机械的振动 第2部分：振动评价

Mechanical vibration－Vibration of rotating machinery equippedwith active magnetic bearings－Part 2：Evaluation of vibration

KS B ISO 2017-1-2021 机械振动和冲击 弹性安装系统 第1部分：隔离系统应用需交换的技术信息

Mechanical vibration and shock－Resilient mounting systems－Part 1：Technical information to be exchanged for the application of isolation systems

GSO ISO 16063-45:2021 振动和冲击传感器的校准方法 第45部分：内置校准线圈的传感器的现场校准

ISO 16063-45:2017 specifies the calibration of vibration transducers with built-in calibration coils in laboratory and in situ. In laboratory, the method described can be applied to calibrate the vibration sensitivity and electrical sensitivity, and to obtain the coefficient of calibration coil. In situ, it can be used to calibrate the electrical sensitivity and vibration sensitivity using electrical instrumentation. ISO 16063-45:2017 specifies the instrumentation and procedure for performing calibrations of vibration transducers with built-in calibration coils in the frequency range typically from 0,1 Hz to 100 Hz. The expanded uncertainty can be evaluated using the method given in this document.

Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 45: In-situ calibration of transducers with built in calibration coil

GSO ISO 20816-5:2021 机械振动 机械振动测量与评价 第5部分：水力发电站、抽水蓄能电站机组

This document provides guidelines for evaluating the vibration measurements made at the bearings, bearing pedestals or bearing housings and also for evaluating relative shaft vibration measurements made on machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants when the machine is operating within its normal operating range. The normal operating ranges for each type of turbine covered by this document are defined in Annex A. This document is applicable to machine sets in hydraulic power generating plants and in pump-storage plants with typical rotational speeds of 60 r/min to 1 000 r/min fitted with shell or pad (shoe) type oil-lubricated bearings. NOTE The current database includes machine speeds ranging from 60 r/min to 750 r/min (with a very small sample of 1 000 r/min machines). This document defines different limit values of bearing housing and shaft vibration depending on the type of turbine, the orientation of the shaft (i.e. horizontal or vertical) and for each of the bearing locations. This document is based on statistical analysis and provides criteria for the most common types of turbines, pump-turbines and pumps. For specific information on which types of units are covered in this document, see Annex A. Machine sets covered by this document can have the following configurations: a) generators driven by hydraulic turbines; b) motor-generators driven by pump-turbines; c) motor-generators driven by hydraulic turbines and separate pumps; d) pumps driven by electric motors. This document is not applicable to the following unit configurations, parameters and operating conditions: — hydraulic machines with water-lubricated bearings; — hydraulic machines or machine sets having rolling element bearings (for these machines, see IEC 62006 and/or ISO 10816‑3); — pumps in thermal power plants or industrial installations (for these machines, see ISO 10816‑7); — electrical machines operating as motors except for the use of these machines in pump-storage applications; — hydro generators operating as synchronous condensers (with the water in the turbine depressed by compressed air); — assessment of absolute bearing housing vibration displacement; — assessment of axial vibration; — assessment of transient conditions; — non-synchronous operation; — assessment of vibration of the generator stator core or the stator frame level. Measurements made of the bearing housing vibration and shaft vibration occurring in machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants can be used for the following purposes: 1) Purpose A: to prevent damage arising from excessive vibration magnitudes; 2) Purpose B: to monitor changes in vibrational behaviour in order to allow diagnosis and/or prognosis. The criteria are applicable for the vibration produced by the machine set itself. Special investigation is needed for vibration transmitted to the machine set from external sources, e.g. transmitted to the machine via the station foundations.

Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration — Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants

GSO ISO 8568:2021 机械冲击试验机特性和性能

ISO 8568:2007 specifies performance parameters and methods of inspection of mechanical shock-testing machines and gives guidelines for describing their characteristics. It is intended to ensure that the potential user of a particular shock-testing machine is provided with an adequate description of the characteristics of the machine, and also to give guidance on the selection of such machines. ISO 8568:2007 is applicable to the shock-testing machines that are used for demonstrating or evaluating the effect of shock conditions representative of the service environment and also for diagnostic testing. The purpose of the shock test is to reveal mechanical weakness and/or degradation in specified performance. It can also be used to determine the structural integrity of a test specimen or as a means of quality control. Machines used for simulation of earthquakes, sonic booms, explosions and implosions, bursting tests, metalworking, forming, etc. are not covered in ISO 8568:2007.

Mechanical shock — Testing machines — Characteristics and performance

GSO ISO 16063-17:2021 振动和冲击传感器的校准方法 第17部分：离心机初步校准

ISO 16063 comprises a series of documents dealing with methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers. ISO 16063-17:2016 lays down detailed specifications for the instrumentation and procedure to be used for primary calibration of accelerometers using centrifuge calibration. ISO 16063-17:2016 is applicable to rectilinear accelerometers with zero-frequency response, mainly of the strain gauge or piezoresistive type, and to primary standard and working transducers. It is applicable for a calibration range from 10 m/s2 to 20 000 m/s2 (higher accelerations possible) at 0 Hz. The limits of uncertainty applicable are ±1 % of reading.

Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 17: Primary calibration by centrifuge

GSO ISO 20283-5:2021 机械振动 船舶振动测量 第5部分：客船和商船适居性振动测量、评估和报告指南

ISO 20283-5:2016 gives guidelines for the measurement, evaluation and reporting of vibration with regard to habitability for all persons on-board passenger and merchant ships, especially for crew. Overall frequency-weighted r.m.s. vibration values in the frequency range 1 Hz to 80 Hz are given as guideline values for different areas on ships. ISO 20283-5:2016 is applicable to passenger and merchant ships with intended voyages of 24 h or more. ISO 20283-5:2016 specifies requirements for the instrumentation and the procedure of measurement in normally occupied spaces. It also contains analysis specifications and guidelines for the evaluation of ship vibration with respect to habitability. The evaluation of low-frequency ship motion which can result in motion sickness is covered by ISO 2631‑1. For the evaluation of the global structural vibration of a ship, however, see ISO 20283‑2.

Mechanical vibration — Measurement of vibration on ships — Part 5: Guidelines for measurement, evaluation and reporting of vibration with regard to habitability on passenger and merchant ships

GSO ISO 13379-2:2021 机器状态监测和诊断 数据解释和诊断技术 第2部分：数据驱动应用

ISO 13379-2:2015 gives procedures to implement data-driven monitoring and diagnostic methods to facilitate the work of analysis carried out by specialist staff typically located in a monitoring centre.

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Data interpretation and diagnostics techniques — Part 2: Data-driven applications

GSO ISO 13373-7:2021 机器状态监测和诊断 振动状态监测 第7部分：水力发电厂和抽水蓄能电站机组诊断技术

ISO 13373-7:2017 gives guidelines for specific procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of various types of machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants (hydropower units). It is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians and provides a practical step-by-step vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it includes a number of examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms.

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 7: Diagnostic techniques for machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants

GSO ISO 20816-1:2021 机械振动 机器振动的测量和评估 第1部分：一般准则

ISO 20816-1:2016 establishes general conditions and procedures for the measurement and evaluation of vibration using measurements made on rotating, non-rotating and non-reciprocating parts of complete machines. It is applicable to measurements of both absolute and relative radial shaft vibration with regard to the monitoring of radial clearances, but excludes axial shaft vibration. The general evaluation criteria, which are presented in terms of both vibration magnitude and change of vibration, relate to both operational monitoring and acceptance testing. They have been provided primarily with regard to securing reliable, safe, long-term operation of the machine while minimizing adverse effects on associated equipment. Guidelines are also presented for setting operational limits. NOTE 1 The evaluation criteria for different classes of machinery will be included in other parts of ISO 20816 when they become available. In the meantime, guidelines are given in Clause 6. NOTE 2 The term "shaft vibration" is used throughout ISO 20816 because, in most cases, measurements are made on machine shafts. However, the ISO 20816 series is also applicable to measurements made on other rotating elements if such elements are found to be more suitable, provided that the guidelines are respected. For the purposes of ISO 20816, operational monitoring is considered to be those vibration measurements made during the normal operation of a machine. The ISO 20816 series permits the use of different measurement quantities and methods, provided that they are well-defined and their limitations are set out, so that the interpretation of the measurements is well-understood. The evaluation criteria relate only to the vibration produced by the machine itself and not the vibration transmitted to it from outside. ISO 20816-1:2016 does not include consideration of torsional vibration. NOTE 3 For torsional vibration, see, for example, ISO 3046‑5, ISO 22266‑1 or VDI 2039.

Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration — Part 1: General guidelines

GSO ISO 2017-3:2021 机械振动和冲击 弹性安装系统 第3部分：新建筑隔振应用需交换的技术信息

ISO 2017-3:2015 establishes requirements to ensure appropriate exchange of information regarding the application of isolation of buildings from vibrations and shocks generated by man-made sources. ISO 2017-3:2015 is applicable only during the design and construction of new buildings in areas affected by important vibrations which can be generated by single or multiple sources (railways, traffic, industrial activity, etc.) The isolation of these buildings serves to ensure the integrity of the structure and equipment inside (including sensitive equipment) and human comfort. ISO 2017-3:2015 specifies the information to be exchanged between building owner, customer, and vibration isolation supplier. It gives appropriate responses to questions highlighted by the producer and user (why, what, when, and how to isolate mechanical systems). ISO 2017-3:2015 does not include earthquake and wind-generated forces.

Mechanical vibration and shock — Resilient mounting systems — Part 3: Technical information to be exchanged for application of vibration isolation to new buildings

GSO ISO 16063-43:2021 振动和冲击传感器的校准方法 第43部分：通过基于模型的参数识别来校准加速度计

ISO 16063-43:2015 prescribes terms and methods on the estimation of parameters used in mathematical models describing the input/output characteristics of vibration transducers, together with the respective parameter uncertainties. The described methods estimate the parameters on the basis of calibration data collected with standard calibration procedures in accordance with ISO 16063‑11, ISO 16063‑13, ISO 16063‑21 and ISO 16063‑22. The specification is provided as an extension of the existing procedures and definitions in those International Standards. The uncertainty estimation described conforms to the methods established by ISO/IEC Guide 98‑3 and ISO/IEC Guide 98‑3:2008/Supplement 1: 2008. The new characterization described in this document is intended to improve the quality of calibrations and measurement applications with broadband/transient input, like shock. It provides the means of a characterization of the vibration transducer's response to a transient input and, therefore, provides a basis for the accurate measurement of transient vibrational signals with the prediction of an input from an acquired output signal. The calibration data for accelerometers used in the aforementioned field of applications should additionally be evaluated and documented in accordance with the methods described below, in order to provide measurement capabilities and uncertainties beyond the limits drawn by the single value characterization given by ISO 16063‑13 and ISO 16063‑22.

Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 43: Calibration of accelerometers by model-based parameter identification

T/CI 003-2021 地表-地物偏振遥感探测技术规范

3 地表-地物偏振遥感探测内容 3.1 基本原则 偏振作为一种新的遥感观测手段，并作为常规遥感的补充，具有“弱光强化”、“强光弱化”的重要物理特征，以极大延伸遥感暗亮两端探测区。这种能力归纳为地表-地物偏振遥感的五大特征：多角度反射物理特征、多光谱化学特征、粗糙度与密度结构特征、信息-背景高反差比滤波特征与多次散射能量辐射传输特征。为了对地表-地物的这些偏振遥感特征进行科学探测，需把握以下三个原则： 科学可行性原则：探测目的要明确，探测原理要正确，探测对象和探测手段要选择恰当，整个设计思路要满足本学科的基本科学准则。 单一变量原则：在控制偏振信息的各种因素中，保持其他因素不变，只改变其中一个因素，观察其对获取的偏振信息的影响。 平行重复的原则：对所做探测的实验在同样条件下，进行多次重复实验，以获得一般结论，切不可只进行少数几次测试轻易得出结论。 3.2 基本原理 假设入射辐射为单位辐射量，辐射在地表，地表内部及二者之间都会发生多次散射作用，而最后传感器获得的出射辐射，是这三者的总和。一般而言，入射到地表的辐射，或被直接散射回大气中，或被吸收，或进入到地表内部中。进入到地表内部的辐射会与地表内部的物质，如水分等发生生化作用，也会部分被散射，部分被吸收。但是与地表散射不同的是，这部分散射是与地表内部的物质含量相关的，其对辐射的调制作用体现在反射率上，这部分辐射是非偏振的。辐射与地表-地物进行相互作用的示意图如图1所示。   图1辐射与地表-地物相互作用示意图 设地表-地物的散射反照率为 ，地表直接被反射的概率为 ，在地表内部向上散射的概率为 ，向下散射的概率为 。根据菲涅尔原理，我们知道在地表直接被反射的辐射是部分偏振的，也就是说 可以进一步分解为：   其中， 代表线偏振部分，而 代表非偏振部分。 进入到地表内部，与其相互作用后，辐射被向上散射的总概率为：   则辐射被吸收的概率 以及向下透射的概率 为     传感器接收到的辐射与地表及部相互作用后的总能量则可以简单表述为：   则传感器探测到的偏振度为：   而一般情况下， 可以认为是常量，即是与波长无关的量。当地表的反射率较低时，即 表现为较小值，从视觉效果来看，目标会显得很暗，则偏振度 表现为较大值，则实现了“弱光强化”的过程；反之，当地表的反射率较大时，即 表现为较大值，从视觉效果来看，目标会显得很亮，则偏振度 表现为较小值，则实现了“强光弱化”的过程。 若测得地表的反射率为R，则对应的偏振反射率R_p可表示为：R_p=R?p。 基于上述原理，可实现对地表-地物偏振特性的不同尺度的相关分析、角度分析、波段分析、斯托克斯分量分析，以获取地表-地物的多角度反射物理特征、多光谱化学特征、粗糙度与密度结构特征、信息-背景高反差比滤波特征与多次散射能量辐射传输特征，地表-地物偏振遥感探测的分析关系如图2所示。   图2 地表-地物偏振遥感探测 在进行探测时，不可缺少的是多角度探测几何的设置、光源系统、二向性反射光度计系统、仪器的波段设置及控制系统的选择。 3.2.1 多角度探测几何 进行多角度探测，需要确立坐标系系统。规定如下：探测天顶角以垂直向下探测为0°，光的前向方向为正，后向方向为负；探测方位角以光源所在方位为0°，顺时针旋转。如图3所示。   θi：入射天顶角；θr：探测天顶角；φr：探测方位角 图 3测量几何示意图   图 4倾斜探测示意图 垂直探测和倾斜观测时，探测视场的面积将发生变化，如图4所示，α为探测器全视场角/2，β为探测天顶角，y为垂直探测，即探测天顶角0°时的视场半径，此时视场为圆形。倾斜观测时，即探测天顶角变化时，视场变化为椭圆，此时y对应拉长为z。由示意图可得： y = x tan ?                            z = h [tan(? + ?)-tan(?)]                        3.2.2光源系统 在光源系统中，采用溴钨灯等稳定光源为照射光源，加光学成像系统，使光线在被照射的目标物上获得均匀光斑，该光斑要大于被测物体尺寸。如果是进行室外测量，则选择太阳光为光源，在晴朗无云的天气进行。 在实验室测量时，为了能改变光源入射角，设置了光源支架，光源支架上每隔一定角度设定一个入射方位，其范围从天顶角算起，应该能在0o～60°变化，这样光源在支架上可以根据测量需要来调节光源入射角度的大小。同时光源的入射处还安装可以旋转的偏振片，光经过偏振片后形成不同偏振态的偏振光，最后照射在目标地表-地物上。在室外测量时，则应每隔一段时间进行测量，以保证在不同时间时，太阳天顶角的改变。 3.2.3 二向性反射光度计系统 该光度计的探测架应是可以转动的，其方位角为0o～360°，并且可以每隔一定方位角度为采集数据，这样在水平方向上一次可以测到多个角度数据。此时所测的数据就是地表-地物的多角度二向性反射光谱；当配有偏振片时，对准偏振片的0°，即为透光轴方向，所测数据定义为地表-地物的0°偏振数据；对准90°，即为消光轴方向，所测数据定义为地表-地物的90°偏振数据。 3.2.4仪器的波段设置及控制系统 地表-地物的偏振和反射特性会随波长而改变，若对地表-地物特性熟悉，可只设定固定几个特征波段（即多光谱），若对地表-地物特性不熟悉，则采用高光谱传感器。 为了进行数据的快速采集，减少人为的干预，可以采取自动控制系统，即探测架在载物台上通过计算机控制能自动旋转并采集数据，这样实现计算机直接对光谱数据进行自动测量、采集、存储和显示。 3.3 探测步骤 地表-地物偏振遥感探测一般采取以下步骤：   图5 探测步骤

Standard on polarimetric remote sensing measurements over land surface and object