19.100 (Non-destructive testing) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E999-15 工业射线照相胶片冲洗的质量控制的标准指南

4.1 The provisions in this guide are intended to control the reliability or quality of the image development process only. The acceptability or quality of industrial radiographic films processed in this manner as well as the materials or products radiographed remain at the discretion of the user, or inspector, or both. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to and not a replacement for Guide E94. 1.1 This guide2 establishes guidelines that may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographic film processing equipment and materials. Effective use of these guidelines aid in controlling the consistency and quality of industrial radiographic film processing. 1.2 Use of this guide is limited to the processing of films for industrial radiography. This guide includes procedures for wet-chemical processes and dry processing techniques. 1.3 The necessity of applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent, to a certain extent, on the degree to which a facility adheres to good processing practices as a matter of routine procedure. 1.4 If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E543 is used to perform the examination, the testing agency shall meet the requirements of Practice E543. 1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of federal and local codes prior to use.

Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing

ASTM E2075/E2075M-15 使用丙烯酸棒验证AE传感器响应的一致性的标准实践

3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant. 3.2 While test blocks of many different kinds have been used for this purpose for many years, an acrylic polymer rod offers the best all-around combination of suitable acoustic properties, practical convenience, ease of procurement and low cost. 3.3 Because the acoustic properties of the acrylic rod are known to depend on temperature, this practice requires that the rod, sensors, and couplant be stabilized at the same working temperature, prior to verifying the sensors. 3.4 Attention should be paid to storage conditions for the acrylic polymer rod. For example, it should not be left in a freezing or hot environment overnight, unless it is given time for temperature stabilization before use. 3.5 Properly applied and with proper record keeping, this practice can be used in many ways. The user organization must determine the context for its use, the acceptance standards and the actions to be taken based on the lead break results. The following uses are suggested: 3.5.1 To determine when a sensor is no longer suitable for use. 3.5.2 To check sensors that have been exposed to high-risk conditions, such as dropping, overheating, and so forth. 3.5.3 To get an early warning of sensor degradation over time. This can lead to identifying conditions of use, which are damaging sensors, and thus, to better equipment care and lower replacement costs. 3.5.4 To obtain matched sets of sensors, preamplifiers, instrumentation channels, or a combination thereof, for more uniform performance of the total system. 3.5.5 To save time and money, by eliminating the installation of bad sensors. 3.5.6 To verify sensors quickly but consistently in the field and to assist trouble-shooting when a channel does not pass a performance check. 3.6 All the above uses are recommended for consideration. The purpose of this practice is not to call out how these uses are to be implemented, but only to state how the test itself is to be performed so that the results obtained will be accurate and reliable. 1.1 This practice is used for routinely checking the sensitivity of acoustic emission (AE) sensors. It is intended to provide a reliable, precisely specified way of comparing a set of sensors, or telling whether an individual sensor's sensitivity has degraded during its service life, or b......

Standard Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor Response Using an Acrylic Rod

ASTM E1736-15 纤维绕制压力容器的超声波鉴定用标准实施规程

4.1 The AU method should be considered for vessels that are proven to be free of major flaws or discontinuities as determined by conventional techniques. The AU method may be used for detecting major flaws if other methods are deemed impractical. It is important to use methods such as immersion pulse-echo ultrasonics (Practice E1001) and acoustic emission (Practice E1067) to ascertain the presence of major flaws before proceeding with AU. 4.2 The AU method is intended almost exclusively for materials characterization by assessing the collective effects of dispersed defects and subcritical flaw populations. These are material aberrations that influence AU measurements and also underlie mechanical property variations, dynamic load response, and impact and fracture resistance.7 4.3 The AU method can be used to evaluate laminate quality using access to only one surface, the usual constraint imposed by closed pressure vessels. For best results, the AU probes must be fixtured to maintain the probe orientation at normal incidence to the curved surface of the vessel. Given these constraints, this practice describes a procedure for automated AU scanning using water squirters to assess the serviceability and reliability of filament-wound pressure vessels.8 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for acousto-ultrasonic (AU) assessment of filament-wound pressure vessels. Guidelines are given for the detection of defect states and flaw populations that arise during materials processing or manufacturing or upon exposure to aggressive service environments. Although this practice describes an automated scanning mode, similar results can be obtained with a manual scanning mode. 1.2 This procedure recommends technical details and rules for the reliable and reproducible AU detection of defect states and flaw populations. The AU procedure described herein can be a basis for assessing the serviceability of filament-wound pressure vessels. 1.3 The objective of the AU method is primarily the assessment of defect states and diffuse flaw populations that influence the mechanical strength and ultimate reliability of filament-wound pressure vessels. The AU approach and probe configuration are designed specifically to determine composite properties in lateral rather than through-the-thickness directions.2 1.4 The AU method is not for flaw detection in the conventional sense. The AU method is most useful for materials characterization, as explained in Guide E1495, which gives the rationale and basic technology for the AU method. Flaws and discontinuities such as large voids, disbonds, or extended lack of contact of interfaces can be found by other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods such as immersion pulse-echo ultrasonics. 1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regard......

Standard Practice for Acousto-Ultrasonic Assessment of Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels

ASTM E2428-15 弹性扭矩测量标准的校准和验证的标准实施规程

4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate torque are in general use in many industries. Practice E2624 has been written to provide a practice for the torque verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practice E2624 is the use of devices whose torque characteristics are known to be traceable to the International System of Units (SI). Practice E2428 describes how these devices are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of torque measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide calibration services and documents of metrological traceability, and service organizations using devices to verify testing machines. 1.1 This practice is to specify procedure for the calibration of elastic torque-measuring instruments. Note 1: Verification by deadweight and a lever arm is an acceptable method of verifying the torque indication of a torque testing machine. Tolerances for weights used are tabulated in Practice E2624; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required. 1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static torque measuring instruments. The practice is not applicable for dynamic or high-speed torque calibrations or measurements, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed torque measurements. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines

ASTM E545-14 测定直接热中子射线照相检验中成像质量的标准试验方法

5.1 The BPI is designed to yield quantitative information concerning neutron beam and image system parameters that contribute to film exposure and thereby affect overall image quality. In addition, the BPI can be used to verify the day-to-day consistency of the neutron radiographic quality. Gadolinium conversion screens and single-emulsion silver-halide films, exposed together in the neutron imaging beam, were used in the development and testing of the BPI. Use of alternative detection systems may produce densitometric readings that are not valid for the equations used in Section 9. 5.2 The only truly valid sensitivity indicator is a reference standard part. A reference standard part is a material or component that is the same as the object being neutron radiographed except with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission, or flaw. The sensitivity indicators were designed to substitute for the reference standard and provide qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity. 5.3 The number of areas or objects to be radiographed and the film acceptance standard used should be specified in the contract, purchase order, specification, or drawings. 1.1 This test method covers the use of an Image Quality Indicator (IQI) system to determine the relative2 quality of radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination. The requirements expressed in this test method are not intended to control the quality level of materials and components. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded to be standard.

Standard Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination

ASTM E2971-14 使用中子衰减测量法测定铝中子吸收剂中的有效硼-10面密度的标准试验方法

5.1 The typical use of this test method is determination of 10B areal density in aluminum neutron absorber materials used to control criticality in systems such as: spent nuclear fuel dry storage canisters, transfer/transport nuclear fuel containers, spent nuclear fuel pools, and fresh nuclear fuel transport containers. 5.2 Areal density measurements are also used in the investigation of the uniformity in 10B spatial distribution. 5.3 The expected users of this standard include designers, suppliers, neutron absorber users, testing labs, and consultants in the field of nuclear criticality analysis. 5.4 Another known method used to determine areal density of 10B in aluminum neutron absorbers is an analytical chemical method as mentioned in Practice C1671. However, the analytical chemical method does not measure the “effective” 10B areal density as measured by neutron attenuation. 1.1 This test method is intended for quantitative determination of effective boron-10 (10B) areal density (mass per area of 10B, usually measured in grams-10B/cm2 ) in aluminum neutron absorbers. The attenuation of a thermal neutron beam transmitted through an aluminum neutron absorber is compared to attenuation values for calibration standards allowing determination of the effective 10B areal density. This test is typically performed in a laboratory setting. This method is valid only under the following conditions: 1.1.1 The absorber contains 10B in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix. 1.1.2 The primary neutron absorber is 10B. 1.1.3 The test specimen has uniform thickness. 1.1.4 The test specimen has a testing surface area at least twice that of the thermal neutron beam’s surface cross-sectional area. 1.1.5 The calibration standards of uniform composition span the range of areal densities being measured. 1.1.6 The areal density is between 0.001 and 0.080 grams of 10B per cm2. 1.1.7 The thermalized neutron beam is derived from a fission reactor, sub-critical assembly, accelerator or neutron generator. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appl......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Effective Boron-10 Areal Density in Aluminum Neutron Absorbers using Neutron Attenuation Measurements

ASTM E2428-14 弹性扭矩测量标准的校准和验证的标准实施规程

4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate torque are in general use in many industries. Practice E2624 has been written to provide a practice for the torque verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practice E2624 is the use of devices whose torque characteristics are known to be traceable to national standards. Practice E2428 describes how these devices are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of torque testing machines, manufacturers and providers of torque measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide calibration services and documents, and service organizations using devices to verify torque testing machines. 1.1 This practice is to specify procedure for the calibration of elastic torque-measuring instruments. Note 1: Verification by deadweight and a lever arm is an acceptable method of verifying the torque indication of a torque testing machine. Tolerances for weights used are tabulated in Practice E2624; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.2 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static torque measuring instruments. The practice is not applicable for dynamic or high-speed torque calibrations or measurements, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed torque measurements. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines

ASTM E2491-13 相控阵超声波检查仪和系统工作特性评定的标准指南

5.1 This guide is intended to evaluate performance assessment of combinations of phased-array probes and instruments. It is not intended to define performance and acceptance criteria, but rather to provide data from which such criteria may be established. 5.2 Recommended procedures described in this guide are intended to provide performance-related measurements that can be reproduced under the specified test conditions using simple targets and the phased-array test system itself. It is intended for phased-array flaw detection instruments operating in the nominal frequency range of 1 MHz to 20 MHz, but the procedures are applicable to measurements on instruments utilizing significantly higher frequency components. 5.3 This guide is not intended for service calibration, or maintenance of circuitry for which the manufacturer’s instructions are available. 5.4 Implementation of specific assessments may require more detailed procedural instructions in a format of the using facility. 5.5 The measurement data obtained may be employed by users of this guide to specify, describe, or provide a performance criteria for procurement and quality assurance, or service evaluation of the operating characteristics of phased-array systems. 5.6 Not all assessments described in this guide are applicable to all systems. All or portions of the guide may be used as determined by the user. 1.1 This guide describes procedures for evaluating some performance characteristics of phased-array ultrasonic examination instruments and systems. 1.2 Evaluation of these characteristics is intended to be used for comparing instruments and systems or, by periodic repetition, for detecting long-term changes in the characteristics of a given instrument or system that may be indicative of impending failure, and which, if beyond certain limits, will require corrective maintenance. Instrument characteristics measured in accordance with this guide are expressed in terms that relate to their potential usefulness for ultrasonic examinations. Other electronic instrument characteristics in phased-array units are similar to non-phased-array units and may be measured as described in Guide E1065 or E1324. 1.3 Ultrasonic examination systems using pulsed-wave trains and A-scan presentation (rf or video) may be evaluated. 1.4 This guide establishes no performance limits for examination systems; if such acceptance criteria are required, these must be specified by the using parties. Where acceptance criteria are implied herein they are for example only and are subject to more or less restrictive limits imposed by customer’s and end user’s controlling documents. 1.5 The specific parameters to be evaluated, conditions and frequency of test, and report data required, must also be determined by the user.

Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems

ASTM E2223-13 无缝, 充气的钢压力容器超声斜射检验标准方法

5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudinally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been previously indicated by AE examination. 5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel's wall. Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the search unit (several skip distances). 5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylinders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter and wall thicknesses between 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure vessel sidewall. 5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be transverse to the beam direction. 5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces indicated by AE is not covered by this practice. 1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213. 1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those in assemblies. 1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must be specified by the using parties.Note 1—Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method E1419, Appendix X1. 1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units a......

Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics

ASTM A1038-13 用超声波接触阻抗法进行便携式硬度测试的标准试验方法

4.1 The hardness of a material is a defined quantity having many scales and being dependent on the way the test is performed. In order to avoid the creation of a new method involving a new hardness scale, the UCI method converts into common hardness values, for example, HV, HRC, etc. 4.2 The UCI hardness test is a superficial determination, only measuring the hardness condition of the surface contacted. The results generated at a specific location do not represent the part at any other surface location and yield no information about the material at subsurface locations. 4.3 The UCI hardness test may be used on large or small components at various locations. It can be used to make hardness measurements on positions difficult to access, such as tooth flanks or roots of gears. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of comparative hardness values by applying the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method (UCI Method). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method

ASTM E2001-13 金属和非金属零件缺陷检测用共振超声谱法的标准指南

5.1 The primary advantage of RUS is its ability of making numerous measurements in a single test. In addition, it can examine rough ground parts. It requires little sample preparation, no couplants, and generally will work with soiled items; however, it has no capability with soft materials. Soft metals, polymers, rubbers, and wood parts are not viable candidates for this technology. 1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with the parts' mechanical system dynamic response. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts

ASTM E1901-13 采用触点脉冲回声直束超声法探测和评价不连续性的标准指南

6.1 This guide provides procedures for the application of contact straight-beam examination for the detection and quantitative evaluation of discontinuities in materials. 6.2 Although not all requirements of this guide can be applied universally to all inspections, situations, and materials, it does provide basis for establishing contractual criteria between the users, and may be used as a general guide for preparing detailed specifications for a particular application. 6.3 This guide is directed towards the evaluation of discontinuities detectable with the beam normal to the entry surface. If discontinuities or other orientations are of concern, alternate scanning techniques are required. 1.1 This guide covers procedures for the contact ultrasonic examination of bulk materials or parts by transmitting pulsed ultrasonic waves into the material and observing the indications of reflected waves. This guide covers only examinations in which one search unit is used as both transmitter and receiver (pulse-echo). This guide includes general requirements and procedures that may be used for detecting discontinuities, locating depth and distance from a point of reference and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities as compared to a reference standard. 1.2 This guide complements Practice E114 by providing more detailed procedures for the selection and calibration of the inspection system and for evaluation of the indications obtained. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish the appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by Contact Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Methods

ASTM D6850-13 水中筛选法的质量控制标准指南

4.1 Screening methods are often used to determine the presence or absence of a specific analyte, groups of analytes, classes of compounds or other indicators of chemical compounds in order to determine if further analysis or action is necessary. The determination whether to proceed with further action is useful in reducing the number of negative results for which the screening method serves as a surrogate. 4.2 The use of screening methods, whether to generate qualitative or semi-quantitative results, is increasingly becoming a useful tool for regulatory monitoring, process control, and site characterization. The appropriate use of a screening method, or any other method for that matter, is dependent upon the Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) that are defined by the user of the data. 4.3 Persons responsible for assessing the quality of the data generated by the use of screening methods should have detailed Quality Control guidelines by which to assess data quality. 1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the Quality Control practices for use with screening methods for organic and inorganic constituents in water. Methods are provided by various standard setting bodies, governmental agencies, as well as many domestic and international manufacturers. 1.2 This guide provides general QC procedures that are applicable to a broad range of screening methodologies. These procedures help to ensure the quality of data that is generated. Additional, method-specific or project specific requirements may be necessary. This guide also includes general considerations regarding proper utilization of screening methods. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for QC of Screening Methods in Water

ASTM E2192-13 用超声波法测定平面裂纹高度尺寸的标准指南

5.1 The practices referenced in this document are applicable to measuring the height of planar flaws open to the surface that originate on the far-surface or near-surface of the component. These practices are applicable to through-wall sizing of mechanical or thermal fatigue flaws, stress corrosion flaws, or any other surface-connected planar flaws. 5.2 The techniques outlined describe proven ultrasonic flaw sizing practices and their associated limitations, using refracted longitudinal wave and shear wave techniques as applied to ferritic or austenitic components. Other materials may be examined using this guide with appropriate standardization reference blocks. The practices described are applicable to both manual and automated examinations. 5.3 The techniques recommended in this standard guide use Time of Flight (TOF) or Delta Time of Flight (ΔTOF) methods to accurately measure the flaw size. This guide does not include the use of signal amplitude methods to determine flaw size. 5.4 Generally, with these sizing methods the volume of material (or component thickness) to be sized is divided into thirds; the inner 1/3 , the middle 1/3 and the near 1/3 . Using the far-surface Creeping Wave Method the user can qualitatively segregate the flaw into the approximate 1/3 zone. 5.5 The sizing methods are used in 1/3 zones to quantitatively size the crack, that is, Tip-diffraction for the far 1/3 , Bi-Modal method for the middle 1/3 , and the Focused Longitudinal Wave or Focused Shear Wave Methods for the near 1/3 . These 1/3 zones are generally applicable to most sizing applications, however, the various sizing methods have applications outside these 1/3 zones provided a proper reference block and technique is demonstrated. 1.1 This guide provides tutorial information and a description of the principles and ultrasonic examination techniques for measuring the height of planar flaws which are open to the surface. The practices and technology described in this standard guide are intended as a reference to be used when selecting a specific ultrasonic flaw sizing technique as well as establishing a means for instrument standardization.2 1.2 This standard guide does not provide or suggest accuracy or tolerances of the techniques described. Parameters such as search units, examination surface conditions, material composition, etc. can all have a bearing on the accuracy of results. It is recommended that users assess accuracy and tolerances applicable for each application. 1.3 This guide does not purport to provide instruction to measure flaw length. 1.4 This standard guide does not provide, suggest, or specify acceptance standards. After flaw-sizing evaluation has been made, the results should be applied to an appropriate code or standard that specifies acceptance criteria. 1.5x......

Standard Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics

ASTM E1003-13 静压泄露试验的标准实施规程

6.1 This practice is useful for quality control testing and field inspection of piping systems, pipelines, valves, and containers that are expected to retain liquids. It is not sensitive enough for leak testing when toxic or explosive gas is expected to be retained under pressure. 1.1 This practice covers the testing of components for leaks by pressurizing them inside with a liquid. 1.2 This practice can be used on piping, valves, and containers with welded or fitted sections which can be sealed at their ends and which are designed for internal pressure. 1.3 Basic procedures are described based on the type of inspection used. These procedures should be limited to finding leakage indications of 4.58201;??8201;10???9 mol/s (18201;??8201;10???4 Std cm3/s)2 or larger. 1.4 Units???The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Hydrostatic Leak Testing

ASTM D7026-13 通过碳同位素分析测定材料的生物基含量的测定结果的抽样和报告用标准指南

4.1 The carbon isotope analysis is designed to be an adjunct to other information in determination of biobased content, specifically the manufacturer’s records. It is also a means of verifying the authenticity of a disputed lot of material which may be manufactured by different means, from different raw materials. FTIR or other chemical analysis means will identify the molecule as being ethanol, but not give indication of the source (that is, fossil carbon versus modern carbon). The carbon isotopes will give both indication of source and the presence of a mixture of sources. 4.2 Representative sampling and handling methods are clearly a prerequisite to obtaining accurate results from the radiocarbon composition determination and any other quantitative analytical method. 4.3 This guide provides for accurate and complete reporting of the sample collection, handling, chain of custody, sample preparation and treatment that allows any independent party to assess the validity of the reported biobased content of the material. 1.1 This guide provides a framework for collecting and handling samples for determination of biobased content of materials by means of the carbon isotope method described in Test Methods D6866. Tests for sampling adequacy based on the standard statistical tools are provided. In addition, reporting of the results, including sampling techniques and handling procedures and chain-of-custody issues are discussed. 1.2 This guide is concerned with collecting representative samples within a given material or a lot, not with lot-to-lot variations such as considered in quality control schemes. 1.3 Biobased materials often represent sampling problems specific to a given material, such as heterogeneity, and so forth, which require employment of material-specific sampling methods. The use of specialized sampling methods already accepted and validated by industries that manufacture and/or use the biomaterial is encouraged. However, all sampling techniques, especially non-standard techniques developed for specific materials must be reported in sufficient detail to allow critical assessment of the techniques used. 1.4 Carbon isotope analysis involves thermal processing in presence of oxidants. Compatibility of any given material with Test Methods D6866 must be assessed. Special attention must be given to materials with potential for explosion hazards, such as peroxides, nitrated compounds, azides, and so forth. Examples of peroxide-forming compounds are ethers, some ketones and a number of other compounds. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling and Reporting of Results for Determination of Biobased Content of Materials via Carbon Isotope Analysis

ASTM E1254-13 射线照片和未曝光工业用射线照相胶片储存的标准指南

3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94. 3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure. 1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial radiography. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Note 1—For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this document. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films

ASTM G138-12 用标准发光源校准光谱辐射计的标准试验方法

4.1 This method is intended for use by laboratories performing calibration of a spectroradiometer for spectral irradiance measurements using a spectral irradiance standard with known spectral irradiance values and associated uncertainties traceable to a national metrological laboratory that has participated in intercomparisons of standards of spectral irradiance, known uncertainties and known measurement geometry. 4.2 This method is generalized to allow for the use of different types of input optics provided that those input optics are suitable for the wavelength range and measurement geometry of the calibration. 4.3 This method is generalized to allow for the use of different types of monochromators provided that they can be configured for a bandwidth, wavelength range, and throughput levels suitable for the calibration being performed. 4.4 This method is generalized to allow for the use of different types of optical radiation detectors provided that the spectral response of the detector over the wavelength range of the calibration is appropriate to the signal levels produced by the monochromator. 1.1 This test method covers the calibration of spectroradiometers for the measurement of spectral irradiance using a standard of spectral irradiance that is traceable to a national metrological laboratory that has participated in intercomparisons of standards of spectral irradiance. 1.2 This method is not limited by the input optics of the spectroradiometric system. However, choice of input optics affects the overall uncertainty of the calibration. 1.3 This method is not limited by the type of monochromator or optical detector used in the spectroradiometer system. Parts of the method may not apply to determine which parts apply to the specific spectroradiometer being used. It is important that the choice of monochromator and detector be appropriate for the wavelength range of interest for the calibration. Though the method generally applies to photodiode array detector based systems, the user should note that these types of spectroradiometers often suffer from stray light problems and have limited dynamic range. Diode array spectroradiometers are not recommended for use in the ultraviolet range unless these specific problems are addressed. 1.4 The calibration described in this method employs the use of a standard of spectral irradiance. The standard of spectral irradiance must have known spectral irradiance values at given wavelengths for a specific input current and clearly defined measurement geometry. Uncertainties must also be known for the spectral irradiance values. The values assigned to this standard must be traceable to a national metrological laboratory that has participated in intercomparisons of standards of spectral irradiance. These standards may be obtained from a number of national standards laboratories and commercial laboratories. The spectral irradiance standards consist mainly of tungsten halogen lamps with coiled filaments enclosed in a quartz envelope, though other types of lamps are used. Standards can be obtained with calibration values covering all or part of the wavelength range from 200 to 4500 nm. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, i......

Standard Test Method for Calibration of a Spectroradiometer Using a Standard Source of Irradiance

ASTM E1390-12 观察工业X光照片用照明装置的标准规范

1.1 The function of the illuminator is to provide sufficient illumination and viewing capabilities for the purpose of identification and interpretation of radiographic images. This specification provides the recommended minimum requirements for Industrial Radiographic Illuminators used for viewing industrial radiographic films using transmitted light sources. 1.2 The illuminator has to ensure the same safety for personnel, or users of any electric apparatus, as specified by electrical standards applicable in the country in which the illuminator is used. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Standard Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs

ASTM E2223-12 无缝, 充气的钢压力容器超声斜射检验标准方法

1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213. 1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those in assemblies. 1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must be specified by the using parties.Note 1???Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found ......

Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Steel Pressure Vessels Using Angle Beam Ultrasonics