71.040.30 (Chemical reagents) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6761-07 催化剂和催化剂载体总孔体积的测定用标准试验方法

This test method provides for the measurement of volume of pores that are in the range of catalytic importance and possibly for adsorption processes. This test method requires the use of mercury in order to perform the measurements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total pore volume of catalysts and catalyst carriers, that is, the volume of pores having pore diameter between approximately 14 m and 0.4 nm (4 A).This test method involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section . Warning statements are given in 9.1.4, 9.1.7, and 9.1.11.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Total Pore Volume of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers

ASTM E2036-07 用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定液态氯中三氯化氮的标准试验方法

This test method was developed for the determination of nitrogen trichloride in samples of carbon tetrachloride liquid taken from the compressor suction chiller bottoms of chlorine production plants and other places in the plants that may collect and concentrate nitrogen trichloride to levels that could explode. The test method was then modified to measure the lower levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in product liquid chlorine. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of nitrogen trichloride observed in the normal production of liquid chlorine. This test method for nitrogen trichloride will require the dilution (100:1) of highly concentrated in-process samples to bring them within the working range of the analysis.1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine nitrogen trichloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 0.1 to 600 g/g (ppm) range. Solvent samples from chlorine production facilities containing very high concentrations of nitrogen trichloride may be analyzed by dilution with methanol.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 Review the current material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Trichloride in Liquid Chlorine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

ASTM E2037-07 用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定液体氯中氯化溴的标准试验方法

This test method was developed for the determination of bromine chloride in liquid chlorine. Bromide is a common contaminant in all salt sources that are used in the production of chlorine. This bromide content of the salt is converted into bromine chloride in the liquid chlorine product. This test method is sensitive enough to measure the levels of bromine chloride observed in normal production chlorine.1.1 This test method uses high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine bromine chloride levels in liquid chlorine at the 10 to 1400 g/g (ppm) range.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 Review the current material safety data sheet (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Bromine Chloride in Liquid Chlorine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

ASTM F716-07 吸收剂的吸附性的测定用标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the development of laboratory test data which describe the performance of absorbent materials used to remove oils and other compatible fluids from water.1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. (For a specific warning statement see 10.4 .)

Standard Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents

ASTM D6761-07(2012) 催化剂和催化剂载体总孔体积测定的标准试验方法

This test method provides for the measurement of volume of pores that are in the range of catalytic importance and possibly for adsorption processes. This test method requires the use of mercury in order to perform the measurements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total pore volume of catalysts and catalyst carriers, that is, the volume of pores having pore diameter between approximately 14 µm and 0.4 nm (4 Å). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8. Warning statements are given in 9.1.4, 9.1.7, and 9.1.11.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Total Pore Volume of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers

ASTM F726-06 吸附剂的吸附性能试验

This test method is to be used as a basis for comparison of adsorbents in a consistent manner. These tests are not appropriate for absorbent materials that are covered in Methods F 716.1.1 This test method covers laboratory tests that describe the performance of adsorbents in removing nonemulsified oils and other floating, immiscible liquids from the surface of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.3.1.

Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents

ASTM D7206/D7206M-06(2013)e1 金属流花催化裂化 (FCC) 催化剂循环失活的标准指南

3.1 This guide describes techniques of deactivation that can be used to compare a series of cracking catalysts at equilibrium conditions or to simulate the equilibrium conditions of a specific commercial unit and a specific catalyst. 1.1 This guide covers the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the laboratory as a precursor to small scale performance testing. FCC catalysts are deactivated in the laboratory in order to simulate the aging that occurs during continuous use in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Deactivation for purposes of this guide constitutes hydrothermal deactivation of the catalyst and metal poisoning by nickel and vanadium. Hydrothermal treatment is used to simulate the physical changes that occur in the FCC catalyst through repeated regeneration cycles. Hydrothermal treatment (steaming) destabilizes the faujasite (zeolite Y), resulting in reduced crystallinity and surface area. Further decomposition of the crystalline structure occurs in the presence of vanadium, and to a lesser extent in the presence of nickel. Vanadium is believed to form vanadic acid in a hydrothermal environment resulting in destruction of the zeolitic portion of the catalyst. Nickel’s principle effect is to poison the selectivity of the FCC catalyst. Hydrogen and coke production is increased in the presence of nickel, due to the dehydrogenation activity of the metal. Vanadium also exhibits significant dehydrogenation activity, the degree of which can be influenced by the oxidation and reduction conditions prevailing throughout the deactivation process. The simulation of the metal effects that one would see commercially is part of the objective of deactivating catalysts in the laboratory. 1.2 The two basic approaches to laboratory-scale simulation of commercial equilibrium catalysts described in this guide are as follows: 1.2.1 Cyclic Propylene Steaming (CPS) Method, in which the catalyst is impregnated with the desired metals via an incipient wetness procedure (Mitchell method)2 followed by a prescribed steam deactivation. 1.2.2 Crack-on Methods, in which fresh catalyst is subjected to a repetitive sequence of cracking (using a feed with enhanced metals concentrations), stripping, and regeneration in the presence of steam. Two specific procedures are presented here, a procedure with alternating metal deposition and deactivation steps and a modified Two-Step procedure, which includes a cyclic deactivation process to target lower vanadium dehydrogenation activity. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with Metals

ASTM D1193-06(2011) 试剂水标准规范

1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM. 1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity. 1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin. 1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process. 1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1 should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified. 1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these specified waters and validation of the water purification system is provided in Appendix X1 of this document. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

ASTM D3466-06(2011) 颗粒活性炭燃点的标准试验方法

Activated carbons used in gas-phase adsorption may be subjected to heating, either from heat applied externally to the carbon bed, or heat generated by radioactive contaminants, or by the adsorption process itself. If the application of heat is sudden, or if no ample means to conduct the heat from the carbon bed exists, the carbon bed may ignite. This test method provides a controlled laboratory test to determine the temperatures at which such ignition occurs. As stated in 1.2, this does not necessarily give the temperature at which ignition will occur under a specific bed operating condition. This test method does, however, allow some ranking of carbons with regard to ignition temperature, and is a useful quality-control method for unused carbons.1.1 This test method covers the determination of reference ignition temperature of granular activated carbon in flowing air. This test method provides a basis for comparing the ignition characteristics of different carbons, or the change in ignition characteristics of the same carbon after a period of service. 1.2 The ignition temperature as determined by this test method cannot be interpreted as the probable ignition temperature of the same carbon under the operating conditions of a specific application unless those conditions are essentially the same as those in this test method. If it is desired to determine the ignition temperature of the carbon under a specific set of operating conditions, the test may be modified to simulate such conditions, taking into consideration the following variables: (1) air flow rate; (2) moisture content of the carbon; (3) bed depth; (4) relative humidity of the air stream; (5) heating rate; (6) contaminants (for example, hydrocarbons, etc.) in the air stream; and (7) contaminants that may have been adsorbed by the carbon under prior service conditions. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular Activated Carbon

ASTM D3466-06 颗粒活性炭燃点的试验方法

Activated carbons used in gas-phase adsorption may be subjected to heating, either from heat applied externally to the carbon bed, or heat generated by radioactive4 contaminants, or by the adsorption process itself. If the application of heat is sudden, or if no ample means to conduct the heat from the carbon bed exists, the carbon bed may ignite. This test method provides a controlled laboratory test to determine the temperatures at which such ignition occurs. As stated in 1.2, this does not necessarily give the temperature at which ignition will occur under a specific bed operating condition. This test method does, however, allow some ranking of carbons with regard to ignition temperature, and is a useful quality-control method for unused carbons.1.1 This test method covers the determination of reference ignition temperature of granular activated carbon in flowing air. This test method provides a basis for comparing the ignition characteristics of different carbons, or the change in ignition characteristics of the same carbon after a period of service. 1.2 The ignition temperature as determined by this test method cannot be interpreted as the probable ignition temperature of the same carbon under the operating conditions of a specific application unless those conditions are essentially the same as those in this test method. If it is desired to determine the ignition temperature of the carbon under a specific set of operating conditions, the test may be modified to simulate such conditions, taking into consideration the following variables: (1) air flow rate; (2) moisture content of the carbon; (3) bed depth; ( 4) relative humidity of the air stream; (5) heating rate; (6) contaminants (for example, hydrocarbons, etc.) in the air stream; and (7) contaminants that may have been adsorbed by the carbon under prior service conditions. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Ignition Temperature of Granular Activated Carbon

ASTM D4926-06 用X-射线粉末衍射法对触煤剂中含硅和铝矾土的触煤剂中伽马铝矾土含量的试验方法

This test method is for estimating the relative amount of gamma alumina in calcined catalyst samples, assuming that the X-ray powder diffraction peak occurring at about 67 °2θ is attributable to gamma alumina. Gamma alumina is defined as a transition alumina formed after heating in the range from 500 to 550°C, and may include forms described in the literature as eta, chi, and gamma aluminas. Delta alumina has a diffraction peak in the same region, but is formed above 850°C, a temperature to which most catalysts of this type are not heated. There are other possible components which may cause some interference, such as alpha-quartz and zeolite Y, as well as aluminum-containing spinels formed at elevated temperatures. If the presence of interfering material is suspected, the diffraction pattern should be examined in greater detail. More significant interference may be caused by the presence of large amounts of heavy metals or rare earths, which exhibit strong X-ray absorption and scattering. Comparisons between similar materials, therefore, may be more appropriate than those between widely varying materials.1.1 This test method covers the determination of gamma alumina and related transition aluminas in catalysts containing silica and alumina by X-ray powder diffraction, using the diffracted intensity of the peak occurring at about 67 2 when copper K radiation is employed.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Gamma Alumina Content in Catalysts Containing Silica and Alumina by X-ray Powder Diffraction

ASTM D7206-06 含金属的流化裂化催化剂(FCC)的循环钝化的标准指南

This guide describes techniques of deactivation that can be used to compare a series of cracking catalysts at equilibrium conditions or to simulate the equilibrium conditions of a specific commercial unit and a specific catalyst.1.1 This guide covers the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the laboratory as a precursor to small scale performance testing. FCC catalysts are deactivated in the laboratory in order to simulate the aging that occurs during continuous use in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Deactivation for purposes of this guide constitutes hydrothermal deactivation of the catalyst and metal poisoning by nickel and vanadium. Hydrothermal treatment is used to simulate the physical changes that occur in the FCC catalyst through repeated regeneration cycles. Hydrothermal treatment (steaming) destabilizes the faujasite (zeolite Y), resulting in reduced crystallinity and surface area. Further decomposition of the crystalline structure occurs in the presence of vanadium, and to a lesser extent in the presence of nickel. Vanadium is believed to form vanadic acid in a hydrothermal environment resulting in destruction of the zeolitic portion of the catalyst. Nickels principle effect is to poison the selectivity of the FCC catalyst. Hydrogen and coke production is increased in the presence of nickel, due to the dehydrogenation activity of the metal. Vanadium also exhibits significant dehydrogenation activity, the degree of which can be influenced by the oxidation and reduction conditions prevailing throughout the deactivation process. The simulation of the metal effects that one would see commercially is part of the objective of deactivating catalysts in the laboratory.1.2 The two basic approaches to laboratory-scale simulation of commercial equilibrium catalysts described in this guide are as follows:1.2.1 Cyclic Propylene Steaming (CPS) Methodin which the catalyst is impregnated with the desired metals via an incipient wetness procedure (Mitchell method) followed by a prescribed steam deactivation.1.2.2 Crack-on Methods in which fresh catalyst is subjected to a repetitive sequence of cracking (using a feed with enhanced metals concentrations), stripping, and regeneration in the presence of steam. Two specific procedures are presented here, a procedure with alternating metal deposition and deactivation steps and a modified Two-Step procedure, which includes a cyclic deactivation process to target lower vanadium dehydrogenation activity.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with Metals

ASTM D7206/D7206M-06(2012)e1 金属流花催化裂化 (FCC) 催化剂循环失活的标准指南

This guide describes techniques of deactivation that can be used to compare a series of cracking catalysts at equilibrium conditions or to simulate the equilibrium conditions of a specific commercial unit and a specific catalyst.1.1 This guide covers the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the laboratory as a precursor to small scale performance testing. FCC catalysts are deactivated in the laboratory in order to simulate the aging that occurs during continuous use in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Deactivation for purposes of this guide constitutes hydrothermal deactivation of the catalyst and metal poisoning by nickel and vanadium. Hydrothermal treatment is used to simulate the physical changes that occur in the FCC catalyst through repeated regeneration cycles. Hydrothermal treatment (steaming) destabilizes the faujasite (zeolite Y), resulting in reduced crystallinity and surface area. Further decomposition of the crystalline structure occurs in the presence of vanadium, and to a lesser extent in the presence of nickel. Vanadium is believed to form vanadic acid in a hydrothermal environment resulting in destruction of the zeolitic portion of the catalyst. Nickel’s principle effect is to poison the selectivity of the FCC catalyst. Hydrogen and coke production is increased in the presence of nickel, due to the dehydrogenation activity of the metal. Vanadium also exhibits significant dehydrogenation activity, the degree of which can be influenced by the oxidation and reduction conditions prevailing throughout the deactivation process. The simulation of the metal effects that one would see commercially is part of the objective of deactivating catalysts in the laboratory. 1.2 The two basic approaches to laboratory-scale simulation of commercial equilibrium catalysts described in this guide are as follows: 1.2.1 Cyclic Propylene Steaming (CPS) Method, in which the catalyst is impregnated with the desired metals via an incipient wetness procedure (Mitchell method) followed by a prescribed steam deactivation. 1.2.2 Crack-on Methods, in which fresh catalyst is subjected to a repetitive sequence of cracking (using a feed with enhanced metals concentrations), stripping, and regeneration in the presence of steam. Two specific procedures are presented here, a procedure with alternating metal deposition and deactivation steps and a modified Two-Step procedure, which includes a cyclic deactivation process to target lower vanadium dehydrogenation activity. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with Metals

ASTM D3838-05 活性碳的pH值的标准试验方法

When a fluid containing an adsorbate is passed through a bed of activated carbon, chemical reactions may take place between the activated carbon, its other noncarbonaceous constituents, and the adsorbate containing fluid. The pH of the carbon may be a significant parameter of such a reaction and therefore may be an important characteristic of the carbon. 1.1 This test method covers determination of the pH of a water extract of activated carbon. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon

ASTM D3838-05(2011) 活性碳的pH值的标准试验方法

When a fluid containing an adsorbate is passed through a bed of activated carbon, chemical reactions may take place between the activated carbon, its other noncarbonaceous constituents, and the adsorbate containing fluid. The pH of the carbon may be a significant parameter of such a reaction and therefore may be an important characteristic of the carbon. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon

ASTM D3943-04 新制氧化铝基催化剂中总钼量的标准试验方法

This test method sets forth a procedure by which catalyst samples can be compared either on an interlaboratory or intralaboratory basis. It is anticipated that catalyst producers and users will find this method of value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of molybdenum in alumina-base catalysts and has been cooperatively tested at molybdenum concentrations from 8 to 18 weight %, expressed as MoO3. Any component of the catalyst other than molybdenum such as iron, tungsten, etc., which is capable of being oxidized by either ferric or ceric ions after being passed through a zinc-amalgam reductor column (Jones reductor) will interfere.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Molybdenum in Fresh Alumina-Base Catalysts

ASTM D3467-04(2009) 活性炭的四氯化碳活性标准试验方法

Activity as measured by this test method is basically a measure of the pore volume of the activated carbon sample. This test method is therefore a means of determining the degree of completion of the activation process, hence a useful means of quality control for gas-phase activated carbons. This activity number does not necessarily provide an absolute or relative measure of the effectiveness of the tested carbon on other adsorbates, or at other conditions of operation. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the activation level of activated carbon. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) activity is defined herein as the ratio (in percent) of the weight of CCl4 adsorbed by an activated carbon sample to the weight of the sample, when the carbon is saturated with CCl4 under conditions listed in this test method. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Carbon Tetrachloride Activity of Activated Carbon

ASTM D5542-04(2009) 离子色谱法分析高纯度水中痕量阴离子的标准试验方法

The anions fluoride, chloride, and sulfate have been identified as important contributors to corrosion of high pressure boilers, electric power turbines and their associated heat exchangers. Many electric power utilities attempt to reduce these contaminants in their boiler feed water to less than 1 μg/L. In the semiconductor manufacturing process these ions, among others, have been identified as a cause of low product yield and, thus, must be monitored and controlled to levels similar to those required by the electric power industry. Low molecular weight organic acids, such as acetate and formate, have been found in many steam generator feed waters and condensates. They are believed to come from the high temperature breakdown of organic matter found in boiler make up water. It is felt that these organic acids promote corrosion by lowering the pH of boiler waters and may even be corrosive themselves. Such low molecular weight organics may also be produced when ultraviolet light is used to produce bacteria-free water for semiconductor processing. Such polar organic contaminants are suspected of causing reduced semiconductor yields. Phosphates are commonly added to drum boilers in the low mg/L level to precipitate calcium and magnesium and thereby prevent scale formation. Ion chromatography can be used to monitor the concentration of such chemicals in boiler water, as well as detect unwanted carry-over into the steam.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of trace (μg/L) levels of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in high purity water using ion chromatography in combination with sample preconcentration. Other anions, such as bromide, nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, and iodide can be determined by this method. However, since they are rarely present in significant concentrations in high purity water, they are not included in this test method. Two test methods are presented and their ranges of application, as determined by a collaborative study, are as follows: Range Tested (μg/L Added)Limit of DetectionA (Single Operator) (μg/L)Sections Test Method A: 7–15 Chloride0–24 0.8 Phosphate0–39 B Sulfate0–55 1.8 Test Method B:16–23 Fluoride0–14 0.7

Standard Test Methods for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography

ASTM D5542-04 离子色谱法测定高纯度水中痕量阴离子的标准试验方法

The anions fluoride, chloride, and sulfate have been identified as important contributors to corrosion of high pressure boilers, electric power turbines and their associated heat exchangers. Many electric power utilities attempt to reduce these contaminants in their boiler feed water to less than 1 μg/L. In the semiconductor manufacturing process these ions, among others, have been identified as a cause of low product yield and, thus, must be monitored and controlled to levels similar to those required by the electric power industry. Low molecular weight organic acids, such as acetate and formate, have been found in many steam generator feed waters and condensates. They are believed to come from the high temperature breakdown of organic matter found in boiler make up water. It is felt that these organic acids promote corrosion by lowering the pH of boiler waters and may even be corrosive themselves. Such low molecular weight organics may also be produced when ultraviolet light is used to produce bacteria-free water for semiconductor processing. Such polar organic contaminants are suspected of causing reduced semiconductor yields. Phosphates are commonly added to drum boilers in the low mg/L level to precipitate calcium and magnesium and thereby prevent scale formation. Ion chromatography can be used to monitor the concentration of such chemicals in boiler water, as well as detect unwanted carry-over into the steam.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of trace (g/L) levels of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in high purity water using ion chromatography in combination with sample preconcentration. Other anions, such as bromide, nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, and iodide can be determined by this method. However, since they are rarely present in significant concentrations in high purity water, they are not included in this test method. Two test methods are presented and their ranges of application, as determined by a collaborative study, are as follows: Range Tested (956;g/L Added)Limit of Detection(Single Operator)(956;g/L)SectionsTest Method A:7-15Chloride0-240.8Phosphate0-39 Sulfate0-551.8Test Method B:16-22Fluoride0-140.7Acetate0-4146.8Formate0-346 5.61.2 It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 The common practical range of Test Method A is as follows: chloride, 1 to 100 956;g/L, phosphate, 3 to 100 956;g/L, and sulfate, 2 to 100 956;g/L.1.4 The common practical range of Test Method B is as follows: fluoride, 1 to 100 956;g/L, acetate, 10 to 200 956;g/L, and formate, 5 to 200 956;g/L.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography

ASTM D5159-04(2009) 粒状活性碳粉化磨损的标准指南

Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular activated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three, attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service. Published test procedures to determine the "hardness" of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density of the particles. The "stirring bar" abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedure set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only slightly dependent on particle size, shape and density effects. 1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the resistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. For the purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, is defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit time, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating device during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. The initial dust content of the sample may also be determined. Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods D2867). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Dusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon