75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7549-09 在高输出条件下用aterpillar;C13试验程序评价重型发动机油的标准试验方法

This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions. The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance. The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditionsx2014;Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

ASTM D6923-09 高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机机油评价的标准试验方法—；Caterpillar 1R测试程序

This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil''s deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus and Installation6 Intake Air System6.2.1 Exhaust System6.2.2 Fuel System6.2.3 Oil Consumption System6.2.4 Engine Oil System6.2.5 Engine Coolant System6.2.6 Engine Instrumentation6.2.7 Reagents and Materials7 Oil Samples8 Preparation of Apparatus9 General Engine Assembly Practices9.1 Complete Engine Inspection9.2 Copper Component9.3 Engine Lubricant Sys......

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine8212;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

ASTM D7038-09a 汽车齿轮润滑剂抗湿腐蚀性的评估用标准试验方法

This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion. The test method described in this standard may be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without the assistance of anyone not associated with that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A7). By this means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army lubricating oil specifications. The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A, SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

ASTM D7416-09 使用一种特殊的5部分法(介电常数,在变换磁场内的时间分辨介电常数,激光离子计数器,显微残渣分析和轨道粘度计)分析使用中的润滑油的标准规程

In-plant Oil Analysis8212;The particular five-part integrated tester practice is primarily used by plant maintenance personnel desiring to perform on-site analysis of as-received and in-service lubricating oils. Detect Common Lubrication Problems8212;The software application interprets data from integration of multiple sensing technologies to detect common lubrication problems from inadvertent mixing of dissimilar lubricant viscosity grades and from particulate or moisture contamination. The redundant views of ferrous particulates (sensor 2), all particulates larger than 4-μm (sensor 3), and all solid particulates larger than filter patch pore size (patch maker) provides screening for oil wetted mechanical system failure mechanisms from incipient to catastrophic stages. Supported by Off-Site Lab Analysis8212;The particular five-part integrated tester is normally used in conjunction with an off-site laboratory when exploring the particular nature of an alarming oil sample. An off-site laboratory should be consulted for appropriate additional tests.1.1 This practice covers procedures for analysis of in-service lubricant samples using a particular five-part (dielectric permittivity, time-resolved dielectric permittivity with switching magnetic fields, laser particle counter, microscopic debris analysis, and orbital viscometer) integrated tester to assess machine wear, lubrication system contamination, and lubricant dielectric permittivity and viscosity. Analyzed results trigger recommended follow-on actions which might include conducting more precise standard measurements at a laboratory. Wear status, contamination status, and lubricant dielectric permittivity and viscosity status are derived quantitatively from multiple parameters measured. 1.2 This practice is suitable for testing incoming and in-service lubricating oils in viscosity grades 32 mm2/s at 40°C to 680 mm2/s at 40°C having petroleum or synthetic base stock. This practice is intended to be used for testing in-service lubricant samples collected from pumps, electric motors, compressors, turbines, engines, transmissions, gearboxes, crushers, pulverizers, presses, hydraulics and similar machinery applications. This practice addresses operation and standardization to ensure repeatable results. 1.3 This practice is not intended for use with crude oils. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using a Particular Five-Part (Dielectric Permittivity, Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Switching Magnetic Fields, Laser Particle Counter, Microscopic Debris Analysis, and Orbital Viscome

ASTM D5453-09 紫外线荧光测量法测定轻质烃、火花点火发动机燃料、柴油发动机油和发动机油总硫量的标准试验方法

Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for purposes of regulatory control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons, boiling in the range from approximately 25 to 400°C, with viscosities between approximately 0.2 and 20 cSt (mm2/S) at room temperature. 1.2 Three separate interlaboratory studies (ILS) on precision, and three other investigations that resulted in an ASTM research report, have determined that this test method is applicable to naphthas, distillates, engine oil, ethanol, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), and engine fuel such as gasoline, oxygen enriched gasoline (ethanol blends, E-85, M-85, RFG), diesel, biodiesel, diesel/biodiesel blends, and jet fuel. Samples containing 1.0 to 8000 mg/kg total sulfur can be analyzed (Note 1). Note 18212;Estimates of the pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) for the precision studies were calculated. Values ranged between less than 1.0 and less than 5.0 mg/kg (see Section 8 and 15.1). 1.3 This test method is applicable for total sulfur determination in liquid hydrocarbons containing less than 0.35 % (m/m) halogen(s). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For warning statements, see 3.1, 6.3, 6.4, Section 7, and 8.1.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM D6557-09 评价汽车发动机油防锈特性的标准试验方法

This bench test method was designed as a replacement for Test Method D 5844. Test Method D 5844 was designed to measure the ability of an engine oil to protect valve train components against rusting or corrosion under low temperature, short-trip service, and was correlated with vehicles in that type of service prior to 1978. Correlation between these two test methods has been demonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) procedure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of fluid lubricants. The procedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automotive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service conditions. 1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) to update this test method. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the center. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions8212;Where there is no direct equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3 and 8.2.1.1.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils

ASTM D6335-09 通过热氧化发动机油模拟试验测定高温沉积物的标准试验方法

The test method is designed to predict the high temperature deposit forming tendencies of an engine oil. This test method can be used to screen oil samples or as a quality assurance tool.1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the amount of deposits formed by automotive engine oils utilizing the thermo-oxidation engine oil simulation test (TEOST ). An interlaboratory study (see Section 17) has determined it to be applicable over the range from 10 to 65 mg total deposits. Note 18212;Operational experience with the test method has shown the test method to be applicable to engine oils having deposits over the range from 2 to 180 mg total deposits. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Milligrams (mg), grams (g), millilitres (mL), and litres are the units provided, because they are an industry accepted standard. 1.2.2 Exception8212;Provided psig for information only in 6.2. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of High Temperature Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test

ASTM D6121-09 主动双曲面驱动轴用润滑剂在低速和大扭力条件下载荷能力评价的标准试验方法

This test method measures a lubricant''s ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both. This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560. STP-512A. SAE J308. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. SAE J2360.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test. This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation. 1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions8212;In Table A9.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles

ASTM E2693-09 在湿金属切削环境中防止皮炎的标准规程

Use of this practice is intended to reduce occupational dermatitis caused by exposure to the wet metal removal environment. Complaints of dermatitis conditions are often associated with exposures to metal removal fluid. Implementation of this practice and incorporation of metal removal fluid management program has the potential to reduce complaints of occupational dermatitis. Elements of an effective program include: understanding dermatitis and associated causes; prevention of dermatitis and exposure to metal removal fluids; appropriate product selection; good management of additives, microorganisms, and fluids; appropriate additive (including antimicrobial pesticides) selection and additive control; appropriate tool design and assessment and control of metal removal fluid exposures including aerosols.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for reducing dermatitis caused by exposure to the wet metal removal environment. The scope of this practice does not include exposure to chemicals that enter the body through intact skin (cutaneous route), which has the potential to cause other toxic effects. 1.2 This practice incorporates means and mechanisms to reduce dermal exposure to the wet metal removal environment and to control factors in the wet metal removal environment that have the potential to cause dermatitis. 1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure to the skin via contact and exposure to metal removal fluid (MRF). 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet Metal Removal Fluid Environment

ASTM D5293-09 用冷起动模拟装置在-5℃和-30℃之间测量发动机油表面粘度的标准试验方法

The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-49 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.8°C and between 2000 and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.9°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method and CRC Report 409. Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –1 and –40°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621. A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 down to –40°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W). The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations.1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –5 and –35°C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 900 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2. 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning s......

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator

ASTM D4175-09a 与石油、石油产品和润滑剂相关的标准术语

1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear. 1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage. 1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.

Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants

ASTM D5704-09 手动变速器和终传动轴用润滑油热稳定性和氧化稳定性评估的标准试验方法

This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies. This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service, SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions8212;The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles

ASTM D5579-09 在循环耐久性试验中评估手动变速器润滑剂热稳定性的标准试验方法

This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance. This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following: (final API designation of PG-1), Military Specification MIL-L-2105, SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures. 1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range. 1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer. 1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5.1 Exception8212;When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This test method is arranged as follows: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 Test Transmission 6.2 Transmission Mounts 6.3 Oil-Circulating System 6.4 Oil Return Hole 6.5 Air Pressure Controls 6.6 Drive System 6.7 Instrumentation 6.8 Thermocouple Placement 6.9

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

ASTM D6417-09 用毛细管气相色谱法评定发动机油挥发性的标准试验方法

The determination of engine oil volatility at 371°C (700°F) is a requirement in some lubricant specifications. This test method is intended as an alternative to Test Methods D 5800 and the Noack method for the determination of engine oil volatility (CEC L-40–93). The data obtained from this test method are not directly equivalent to Test Method D 5800. The calculated results of the oil volatility estimation by this test method can be biased by the presence of additives (polymeric materials), which may not completely elute from the gas chromatographic column, or by heavier base oils not completely eluting from the column. The results of this test method may also not correlate with other oil volatility methods for nonhydrocarbon synthetic oils. This test method can be used on lubricant products not within the scope of other test methods using simulated distillation methodologies, such as Test Method D 2887.1.1 This test method covers an estimation of the amount of engine oil volatilized at 371°C (700°F). 1.1.1 This test method can also be used to estimate the amount of oil volatilized at any temperature between 126 and 371°C, if so desired. 1.2 This test method is limited to samples having an initial boiling point (IBP) greater than 126°C (259°F) or the first calibration point and to samples containing lubricant base oils with end points less than 615°C (1139°F) or the last n-paraffins in the calibration mixture. By using some instruments and columns, it is possible to extend the useful range of the test method. 1.3 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. 1.4 This test method may be applied to both lubricant oil base stocks and finished lubricants containing additive packages. These additive packages generally contain high molecular weight, nonvolatile components that do not elute from the chromatographic column under the test conditions. The calculation procedure used in this test method assumes that all of the sample elutes from the column and is detected with uniform response. This assumption is not true for samples with nonvolatile additives, and application of this test method under such conditions will yield results higher than expected. For this reason, results by this test method are reported as area percent of oil. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM D7097-09 用热氧化机油模拟试验测定适度高温活塞沉积物的试验方法.沉积物模拟实验

The test method is designed to predict the deposit-forming tendencies of engine oil in the piston ring belt and upper piston crown area. Correlation has been shown between the TEOST MHT procedure and the TU3MH Peugeot engine test in deposit formation. Such deposits formed in the ring-belt area of a reciprocating engine piston can cause problems with engine operation and longevity. It is one of the required test methods in Specification D 4485 to define API Category-Identified engine oils. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the mass of deposit formed on a specially constructed test rod exposed to repetitive passage of 8.5 g of engine oil over the rod in a thin film under oxidative and catalytic conditions at 285°C. The range of applicability of the Moderately High Temperature Thermo-Oxidation Engine Test (TEOST MHT ) test method as derived from an interlaboratory study is approximately 10 to 100 mg. However, experience indicates that deposit values from 1 to 150 mg or greater may be obtained. 1.2 This test method uses a patented instrument, method and patented, numbered, and registered depositor rods traceable to the manufacturer and made specifically for the practice and precision of the test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Although not an SI unit, the special name, litre (L) is allowed by SI for the cubic decimetre (dm3) and the millilitre (mL) for the SI cubic centimetre (cm3). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test-TEOST MHT

ASTM D7412-09 使用傅里叶变换红外(FT-R)光谱法通过趋势分析对使用中的石油和碳氢化合物基润滑剂中的磷酸酯抗磨剂进行状态监控的标准试验方法

Antiwear additives are commonly used in petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants to prevent machinery wear by forming a chemical barrier activated by frictional heat. Antiwear additives that are phosphate based can be measured by FT-IR spectroscopy using the phosphate absorption band. Initially, phosphate antiwear additives will decompose and form a protective film by binding to metal surfaces and through oxidative mechanisms, and so a decrease in the level of phosphate antiwear additive relative to that in the new oil is expected during normal machinery operation. Subsequently, significant depletion of phosphate antiwear additives due to oxidation or hydrolysis can occur when the lubricant is subjected to high temperatures and high levels of moisture. This usually occurs prior to the point where the oxidation of the lubricant begins to accelerate—making trending of phosphate antiwear additives a useful indicator of the lubricant’s remaining in-service life. Monitoring of phosphate antiwear additive depletion is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D 5185), physical property tests (Test Methods D 445, D 2896, and D 6304) and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D 7414), sulfate by-products (Test Method D 7415), nitration, breakdown products and external contaminants (Practice E 2412), which also assess elements of the oil’s condition, see Refs (1-6).1.1 This test method covers monitoring phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants such as various types of engine oils, hydraulic oils, and other lubricants that are formulated for protection against wear. Typical phosphate antiwear additives include zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, trialkyl phosphates and triaryl phosphates. 1.2 This test method uses Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry for monitoring of phosphate antiwear additive depletion in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Monitoring the depletion of phosphate antiwear additives in in-service lubricants can indicate unusual wear or severe operating conditions of the machine. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of phosphate antiwear additives in the oil. 1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring phosphate antiwear additives in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Practice D 7418. In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for phosphate antiwear additives using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented. 1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with phosphate antiwear additives in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants. Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed minimum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of change of the response measured, see Ref (1). 1.4.1 For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in units of absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength. 1.4.2 For differential trend analysis, values are recorded from the differential ......

Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Phosphate Antiwear Additives in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

ASTM D2983-09 用brookfield粘度计测量润滑剂低温粘度的标准试验方法

The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Annex A4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications. This test method describes how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques using extrapolation of experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures. Note 18212;Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque. Only in the case of known Newtonian oils at the temperature desired is interpolation acceptable for the purpose of calibrating the spindle and glass cell (see Annex A1).1.1 This test method covers the use of Brookfield viscometers of appropriate torque for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of lubricants. The test is applied over the viscosity range of 500 to 900 000 mPa·s within a low temperature range appropriate to the capacity of the viscometer head. 1.2 The range of viscosity used to generate the precision data for this test method was from 1000 to 900 000 mPa·s. Appendix X4 lists another interlaboratory study that specifically targeted hydraulic fluid ranging from 500 to 1700 mPa·s. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer

ASTM D2710-09(2013) 利用电化学滴定法对石油烃溴指数的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides a measure of trace amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons in petroleum distillates boiling up to 288°C (550°F). An estimate of the quantity of these materials is useful in assessing the suitability of the lighter fractions for use as reaction solvents. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of bromine-reactive material in petroleum hydrocarbons and is thus a measure of trace amounts of unsaturates in these materials. It is applicable to materials having bromine indexes below 1000. 1.2 This test method is applicable only to essentially olefin-free hydrocarbons or mixtures that are substantially free from material lighter than isobutane and have a distillation end point under 288°C (550°F). Note 1—This procedure has been cooperatively tested on materials with bromine indexes in the range from 100 to 1000. These materials include petroleum distillates such as straight-run and hydrocracked naphtha, reformer feed, kerosine, and aviation turbine fuel.Note 2—Materials with bromine index greater than 1000 should be tested for bromine number using Test Method D1159/IP 130. Note 3—Bromine index of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons should be determined using Test Method D1492 or D5776. The subcommittee is currently examining ways to achieve more consistent end point values. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration

ASTM D7590-09 用线性扫描伏安法测量使用中工业润滑油残留原始抗氧化剂含量的标准指南

The quantitative determination of remaining antioxidants for in-service industrial oils by measuring the amount of these additives that have been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. Industrial lubricants, such as turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils, hydraulic oils, bearing lubricants and greases can be formulated with a wide variety of antioxidants types such as phenols and amines (as primary antioxidants), which are working synergistically and therefore all important to be monitored individually. For in-service oils, the LSV determines and compares the amount of original primary antioxidants remaining after oxidation have reduced its initial concentration. This guide covers procedures for primary antioxidants such as amines and phenols, as described by Test Method D6971 and D6810. LSV is not designed or intended to detect all of the antioxidant intermediates formed during the thermal and oxidative stressing of the oils, which are recognized as having some contribution to the remaining useful life of the used or in-service oil. In order to measure the overall stability of an oil (including contribution of intermediates present), and before making final judgment on the remaining useful life of the used oil (which might result in the replacement of the oil reservoir), it is advised to perform additional analytical techniques (in accordance with Practice D4378 and Practice D6224). This guide is applicable to a wide range of industrial oils, both mineral or synthetic based, which can contain rust and oxidation inhibitors, antiwear additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates on gear oils, circulating oils, transmission oils and other industrial lubricating oils. The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance. When a voltammetric analysis is obtained for a industrial lubricant inhibited with at least one type of antioxidant, there is an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 5 to 8 s (or 0.5 to 0.8 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) for the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate type of antioxidant (Fig. 1), an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 8 to 12 s (or 0.8 to 1.2 V applied voltage) (Fig. 2) (see Note 1) for the aromatic amines, and increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 13 and 16 s (or 1.3 to 1.6 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) for the hindered phenols or carbamates in the neutral acetone solution (Fig. 2 : x-axis 1 s = 0.1 V), or both. Hindered phenol antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4,4’-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol). Aromatic amine antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, phenyl alpha naphthylamines, and alkylated diphenylamines. Note 18212;Voltages listed with respect to reference electrode. The voltammograms shown in Figs. 1-6 were obtained with a platinum reference electrode and a voltage scan rate of 0.1 V/s. For industrial lubricants containing zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate type of antioxidants, there is an increase in the current of the produced voltammogram between 5 to 8 s (or 0.5 to 0.8 V applied voltage) (see Note 1) by using the neutral acetone test solution ( see Fig. 1). There is no corresponding ASTM International standard describing the test method pr........

Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry

ASTM E2657-09 水混合金属工作液中内霉素测定的试验方法

The determination of endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluids is a parameter that can be used in decision-making for prudent fluid management practices (fluid draining, cleaning, recharging or biocide dosages). This test method provides a test method for analysts who perform quantitative endotoxin analyses of water-miscible metalworking fluids.1.1 This test method covers quantitative methods for the sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in water miscible metalworking fluids (MWF). 1.2 Users of this test method need to be familiar with the handling of MWF. 1.3 This test method gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration in the sampled MWF. 1.4 This test method replaces E 2250. 1.5 This test method seeks to minimize inter-laboratory variation of endotoxin data but does not ensure uniformity of results. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids