75.160.10 (Solid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E885-88(1996) 用原子吸收分光光度法分析回收废燃料中金属的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of metals in solution by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). 1.2 The following sections outline the operating parameters for the individual metals: Sections Aluminum, Direct Aspiration 12 Aluminum, Furnace Technique 13 Antimony, Direct Aspiration 14 Antimony, Furnace Technique 15 Arsenic, Furnace Technique 16 Arsenic, Gaseous Hydride Method 17 Barium, Direct Aspiration 18 Barium, Furnace Technique 19 Beryllium, Direct Aspiration 20 Beryllium, Furnace Technique 21 Cadmium, Direct Aspiration 22 Cadmium, Furnace Technique 23 Calcium, Direct Aspiration 24 Chromium, Direct Aspiration 25 Chromium, Furnace Technique 26 Chromium, Chelation-Extraction 27 Chromium, Hexavalent, Chelation-Extraction 28 Cobalt, Direct Aspiration 29 Cobalt, Furnace Technique 30 Copper, Direct Aspiration 31 Copper, Furnace Technique 32 Iron, Direct Aspiration 33 Iron, Furnace Technique 34 Lead, Direct Aspiration 35 Lead, Furnace Technique 36 Lithium, Direct Aspiration 37 Magnesium, Direct Aspiration 38 Manganese, Direct Aspiration 39 Manganese, Furnace Technique 40 Mercury, Cold Vapor Technique 41 Molybdenum, Direct Aspiration 42 Molybdenum, Furnace Technique 43 Nickel, Direct Aspiration 44 Nickel, Furnace Technique 45 Potassium, Direct Aspiration 46 Selenium, Furnace Technique 47 Selenium, Gaseous Hydride 48 Silver, Direct Aspiration 49 Silver, Furnace Technique 50 Sodium, Direct Aspiration 51 Tin, Direct Aspiration 52 Tin, Furnace Technique 53 Titanium, Direct Aspiration 54 Titanium, Furnace Technique 55 Vanadium, Direct Aspiration 56 Vanadium, Furnace Technique 57 Zinc, Direct Aspiration 58 Zinc, Furnace Technique 59 1.3 Detection limits, sensitivity, and optimum ranges of the test methods will vary with the various makes and models of atomic absorption spectrophotometers. The data shown in Table 1 provide some indication of the actual concentration ranges measurable by direct aspiration and using furnace techniques. In the majority of instances, the concentration range shown in the table by direct aspiration may be extended much lower with scale expansion and conversely extended upwards by using a less sensitive wavelength or by rotating the burner head. Detection limits by direct aspiration may also be extended through concentration of the sample or through solvent extraction techniques, or both. Lower concentrations may also be determined using the furnace techniques. The concentration ranges given in Table 1 are somewhat dependent on equipment such as the type of spectrophotometer and furnace accessory, the energy source......

Standard Test Methods for Analyses of Metals in Refuse-Derived Fuel by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D4208-88(2002) 用氧弹燃烧/离子选择电极法对煤中总氯含量的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the analysis of total chlorine in coal. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Chlorine in Coal by the Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method

ASTM E776-87(1996) 回收废燃料中各种形态氯的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine. 1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.

Standard Test Method for Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E790-87(1996) 回收废燃料分析样品中残留潮气的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample. Note 1-In some instances RDF moisture may change during the size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and residual moisture results. 1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary information see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample

ASTM E830-87(1996) 回收废燃料分析样品中灰份的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of the ash content in the analysis sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The results obtained can be applied as the weight percent ash in the proximate analysis and in the ultimate analysis. 1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E790-87(2004) 回收废燃料分析样品中残留潮气的测试方法

The treatment of the sample as specified herein is intended for the purpose of determining the residual moisture present in an analysis sample of RDF. The residual moisture value is used to convert as-determined analyses such as gross heating value, sulfur, and ash to a dry sample basis.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the residual moisture in an analysis sample of RDF. It is used to calculate to the dry basis other determinations performed on the analysis sample. It is used with the air-dry moisture results to calculate total moisture (Note 1). The total moisture is used to calculate as-received values or other analyses performed on the sample. Note 18212;In some instances RDF moisture may change during the size-reduction steps of the analysis sample preparation procedure. This moisture change, unless suitable corrections are made, will affect the accuracy of the total moisture value as calculated from the air-dry and residual moisture results.1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary information see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in a Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Sample

ASTM E1183-87(1996) 为进一步分析用的风干回收废燃料RDF-5的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the process of air drying a gross or laboratory sample of RDF-5. The air dry loss is determined by air drying on a drying floor. 1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 5.

Standard Test Method for Air Drying RDF-5 for Further Analysis

ASTM E777-87(1996) 回收废燃料中分析样品中碳和氢的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration. Note 1-It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration. 1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM D3173-87(1996) 煤和焦炭分析样品中水分的标准测试方法

Standard Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke

ASTM E778-87(2004) 回收废燃料的分析样品中氮的标准测试方法

The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method for determining the weight percent of nitrogen in the analysis sample. Nitrogen is part of the ultimate analysis and can be used for calculation of combustion parameters. A = electric heater B = Kjeldahl digestion flask C = Kjeldahl connecting bulb D = condenser E = connecting tube F = receiving flaskFIG. 1 Kjeldahl Distillation Apparatus1.1 These test methods cover the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in (prepared analysis) samples of (solid forms) of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The procedures measure free ammonia or ammonia formed from the conversion of organic nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids and proteins. However, the procedures may not convert the nitrogenous compounds of some wastes to ammonia. Examples of such compounds that may not be measured are nitro compounds, hydrozones, oxines, nitrates, semicarbazones, pyridines, and some refractory tertiary amines.1.2 Two alternatives are described for the final determination of the ammonia, the Kjeldahl-Gunning Test Method and the Acid-Titration Test Method.1.3 The analytical data from these test methods are to be reported as part of the ultimate analysis where ultimate analysis is requested.1.4 These test methods may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see 8.4.1 and 9 Section .

Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E711-87(1996) 用弹式量热计测量废弃物中回收燃料的总热量值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gross calorific value of a prepared analysis sample of solid forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) by the bomb calorimeter method. 1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific cautionary and precautionary statements see 6.10 and Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter

ASTM E777-87(2004) 回收废燃料中分析样品中碳和氢的测试方法

The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample. Carbon and hydrogen are part of the ultimate analysis of a fuel and can be used for calculations of combustion parameters.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration. Note 18212;It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E775-87(1996) 回收废燃料分析样品中总硫量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover two alternative procedures for the determination of total sulfur in prepared analysis samples of solid forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Sulfur is included in the ultimate analysis of RDF. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: Test Sections Eschka Method 8 to 11 Bomb Washing Method 12 to 13 1.3 These test methods may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E778-87(1996) 回收废燃料的分析样品中氮的标准测试方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in (prepared analysis) samples of (solid forms) of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The procedures measure free ammonia or ammonia formed from the conversion of organic nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids and proteins. However, the procedures may not convert the nitrogenous compounds of some wastes to ammonia. Examples of such compounds that may not be measured are nitro compounds, hydrozones, oxines, nitrates, semicarbazones, pyridines, and some refractory tertiary amines. 1.2 Two alternatives are described for the final determination of the ammonia, the Kjeldahl-Gunning Test Method and the Acid-Titration Test Method. 1.3 The analytical data from these test methods are to be reported as part of the ultimate analysis where ultimate analysis is requested. 1.4 These test methods may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see 7.4.1 and Section 8.

Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM D1762-84(2013) 木炭化学分析的标准试验方法

4.1 Low quality wood and wood residues are used for wood charcoal. This test method is used for evaluating the charcoal to assess the methods of production and assist in developing new methods. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash in charcoal made from wood. The test method is applicable to lumps and briquets and is designed for the evaluation of charcoal quality. The test method employs apparatus that is found in most laboratories and is adapted to routine analyses of a large number of samples. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal

ASTM D1762-84(2001) 木炭化学分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash in charcoal made from wood. The test method is applicable to lumps and briquets and is designed for the evaluation of charcoal quality. The test method employs apparatus that is found in most laboratories and is adapted to routine analyses of a large number of samples. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal

ASTM D1762-84(2007) 木炭的化学分析

Low quality wood and wood residues are used for wood charcoal. This test method is used for evaluating the charcoal to assess the methods of production and assist in developing new methods.1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash in charcoal made from wood. The test method is applicable to lumps and briquets and is designed for the evaluation of charcoal quality. The test method employs apparatus that is found in most laboratories and is adapted to routine analyses of a large number of samples.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal

ASTM E856-83(1998) 有关废弃物再生燃料的物理和化学性质术语和缩略语定义

Standard Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Derived Fuel

ASTM E870-82(1998)e1 木材燃料分析的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimate analysis of wood fuels and the determination of the gross caloric value of wood fuels sampled and prepared by prescribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures. Test methods as herein described may be used to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basis for buying and selling, and to evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels

ASTM E871-82(2006) 粒状木燃料湿度分析的标准试验方法

The test procedures described in this test method can be used to determine the total weight basis moisture of any particulate wood fuel meeting the requirements specified in this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total weight basis moisture in the analysis sample of particulate wood fuel. The particulate wood fuel may be sanderdust, sawdust, pellets, green tree chips, hogged fuel, or other type particulate wood fuel having a maximum particle volume of 16.39 cm3 (1 in.3). It is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis. Moisture, when determined as herein described, may be used to indicate yields on processes, to provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or to establish burning characteristics.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels