75.160.10 (Solid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D121-09a 煤和焦炭的标准术语

1.1 This terminology defines the technical terms used in standards that are the responsibility of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke. The terms are used in: 1.1.1 The sampling of coal and coke under conditions required for most commercial and technical purposes related to coal and coke. 1.1.2 Bias and related statistical testing, 1.1.3 The description of coal, both visually in the field and microscopically in the laboratory, 1.1.4 Chemical and physical analyses of coal and coke, 1.1.5 Classification of coal, and 1.1.6 Certain other related practices and guides applicable to the coal and coke industries.

Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke

ASTM D6316-09 测定煤和焦炭的固体残留物中总的, 可燃烧的和碳化碳的标准试验方法

The combustible carbon content of solid residues is used to calculate efficiency of fuel combustion in boiler furnaces and similar combustors. Combustible carbon values are also used to determine the residual fuel value of incompletely combusted/reacted coal and coke in other reactors that consume carbonaceous fuels (examples include fluidized bed furnaces and liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis reactors). The combustible carbon content of flyash is an important parameter in the use of flyash as a cement additive.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total, combustible, and carbonate carbon remaining in the solid byproducts of combustion from boiler furnaces and similar reactors, including ash, flyash, char, slag, and similar materials. 1.2 This test method is intended for the use of industry to determine the performance of boiler furnaces and similar combustion reactors and aid in determining the quality of the solid residue from combustion. 1.3 This test method comprises the use of any of several methods to determine total carbon content combined with any of several methods to determine carbonate carbon, and the calculation, by difference, of the combustible carbon remaining in a sample. 1.4 Alternatively, this test method applies to the determination of total carbon remaining in a material after acidification with strong acid to evolve carbonate carbon. In this case, the combustible carbon is the total carbon measured in the sample after acidification. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total, Combustible and Carbonate Carbon in Solid Residues from Coal and Coke

ASTM D5016-08 与红外线吸收法一起使用的高温试管炉燃烧法对煤和焦炭灰烬中硫的测试方法

The percent sulfur content of the ash derived from coal or coke can be calculated to sulfur trioxide content. This information can be used in combination with results from the determination of major, minor and or trace elements in the same ash to calculate results on a sulfur trioxide free-basis or to calculate total recovered analyte. 1.1 This test method describes a procedure using a high-temperature tube furnace and infrared detection for the determination of sulfur in coal and coke combustion residues, including lab ashes and residues from coal and coke combustion. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption

ASTM D5373-08 煤的实验室样品中碳、氢和氮的仪器测定的试验方法

Carbon and hydrogen values can be used to determine the amount of oxygen (air) required in combustion processes and for calculation of the efficiency of combustion processes. Carbon and hydrogen determinations can be used in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction. Carbon and nitrogen values can be used in material balance calculations employed for emission accounting purposes. Note 28212;The bulk composition of coal changes at a rate that varies from coal to coal during storage. As a result using coal for calibration can yield incorrect estimates of carbon, and hydrogen content in particular.1.1 This test method covers the instrumental the determination of carbon in the range of 54.9 % m/m to 84.7 % m/m, hydrogen in the range of 3.25 % m/m to 5.10 % m/m, and nitrogen in the range of 0.57 % m/m to 1.80 % m/m in the analysis sample (7.1) of coal. Note 18212;The coals included in the interlaboratory study employed to derive the precision statement for this standard cover ASTM rank lignite A to low volatile bituminous. Additional information concerning the composition of these coals appears in Annex A5. 1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal

ASTM D7454-08 使用半自动化仪器测定煅烧石油焦炭振动体密度的标准试验方法

Vibrated bulk density (VBD) is an indicator of calcined petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning8212;Vibrated bulk density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly dependent upon average particle size and particle size range. Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A narrow particle size range for this test minimizes the possibility for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either screen defining the sample.)1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction, using a semi-automatic apparatus. 1.2 The procedure is applied, but not limited, to particles passing through a 4.75-mm opening sieve and retained on a 1.18-mm opening sieve. Further, the procedure is applied, but not limited, to a specific test sample having particles passing through a 0.85-mm opening sieve and retained on a 0.425-mm opening sieve. This procedure could also be applied to other sieve fractions being agreed on in the aluminum industry as specified in Annex A1. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke using a Semi-Automated Apparatus

ASTM E791-08 以确定不同基本组分来计算回收废燃料的分析数据的标准试验方法

This test method is available to producers and users of RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to another.1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases

ASTM E777-08 回收废燃料中分析样品中碳和氢的标准试验方法

The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample. Carbon and hydrogen are part of the ultimate analysis of a fuel and can be used for calculations of combustion parameters.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration. Note 18212;It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration. 1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E778-08 回收废燃料的分析样品中氮的标准试验方法

The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method for determining the weight percent of nitrogen in the analysis sample. Nitrogen is part of the ultimate analysis and can be used for calculation of combustion parameters. A = electric heater B = Kjeldahl digestion flask C = Kjeldahl connecting bulb D = condenser E = connecting tube F = receiving flaskFIG. 1 Kjeldahl Distillation Apparatus1.1 These test methods cover the determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen in prepared analysis samples of solid forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The procedures measure free ammonia or ammonia formed from the conversion of organic nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids and proteins. However, the procedures may not convert the nitrogenous compounds of some wastes to ammonia. Examples of such compounds that may not be measured are nitro compounds, hydrozones, oxines, nitrates, semicarbazones, pyridines, and some refractory tertiary amines. 1.2 Two alternatives are described for the final determination of the ammonia, the Kjeldahl-Gunning Test Method and the Acid-Titration Test Method. 1.3 The analytical data from these test methods are to be reported as part of the ultimate analysis where ultimate analysis is requested. 1.4 These test methods may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see 8.4.1 and Section 9.

Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM D6349-08 用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定煤、焦炭和煤和焦炭燃烧固体残留物中主要和次要元素的标准试验方法

A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the concentration levels in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash. The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D6349-08e1 用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定煤、焦炭和煤及焦炭燃烧固体残留物中主要及微量元素的标准试验方法

A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the concentration levels in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash. The chemical composition of laboratory-prepared ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commerical-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasmax2014;Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D2639-08 用横转矩Gieseler塑性计测试塑性的试验方法

p>Reliable values of the plastic properties of coals are used to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during carbonization or in other processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion. 1.1 This test method covers a relative measure of the plastic behavior of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. This test method may be used to obtain semiquantitative values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behavior of coals is of practical importance. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer

ASTM E953/E953M-08 回收废燃料灰烬可熔性的测试方法

The standard is available to producers and users of RDF to use in determining the fusibility of ash produced from RDF. Limitations of Ash Fusibility Data8212;Ash fusibility data are too often over-interpreted. In practice, types of burning equipment, rate of burning, temperature and thickness of fire bed or ball, distribution of ash forming mineral matter in the RDF, and viscosity of the molten ash may influence ash behavior more than the ash fusibility characteristics determined by the laboratory test. Furthermore, conditions existing during applied combustion of RDF are so complex that they are impossible to duplicate completely in a small-scale laboratory test. Therefore, the test should be considered an empirical one and the data, at best, only qualitative.1.1 This test method covers the observation of the temperatures at which triangular pyramids (cones) prepared from RDF ash attain and pass through certain stages of fusing and flow when heated at a specific rate in controlled, mildly-reducing, and oxidizing atmospheres. 1.2 The test method is empirical, and strict observance of the requirements and conditions is necessary to obtain reproducible temperatures and enable different laboratories to obtain concordant results. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for additional hazard information.

Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Ash

ASTM D6349-07 用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定煤、焦炭和煤及焦炭燃烧固体残留物中主要及微量元素的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D5016-07a 用带红外线吸收的高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤、焦炭和煤燃烧残余物灰分中硫的标准试验方法

The percent sulfur content of the ash derived from coal or coke can be calculated to sulfur trioxide content. This information can be used in combination with results from the determination of major, minor and or trace elements in the same ash to calculate results on a sulfur trioxide free-basis or to calculate total recovered analyte. 1.1 This test method describes a procedure using a high-temperature tube furnace and infrared detection for the determination of sulfur in coal and coke combustion residues, including lab ashes and residues from coal and coke combustion. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption

ASTM D3172-07a 煤和焦炭近似分析标准实施规范

Test methods, as herein described, can be used to establish the rank of coals, show the ratio of combustible to incombustible constituents, provide the basis for buying and selling, and evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes.1.1 This practice covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash and the calculation of fixed carbon on coals and cokes sampled and prepared by prescribed methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke

ASTM D5016-07 用带红外线吸收的高温管式炉燃烧法测定煤、焦炭和煤燃烧残余物灰分中硫的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure using a high-temperature tube furnace and infrared detection for the rapid determination of sulfur in ash from coal and coke. 1.2 This test method is an alternative for test methods described in Test Methods D 1757. 1.3 The values stated in SI units (IEEE/ASTM SI 10) shall be regarded as the standard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Ash from Coal, Coke, and Residues from Coal Combustion Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption

ASTM D3180-07 从所测得的到不同化合物的煤和焦炭分析计算用标准实施规程

The calculations of analytical data for the coal and coke test parameters listed in Section 6, assume the analysis sample has been prepared according to Practice D 2013 and Test Method D 3302. This practice provides formulas, to enable calculations of data from the as-determined analysis sample to various moisture basis, in common use by the coal and coke industry.1.1 This practice gives formulas to enable analytical data to be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free, and others.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases

ASTM D3175-07 煤和焦炭分析样品中挥发性物质的标准试验方法

Volatile matter, when determined as herein described, can be used to establish the rank of coals, to indicate coke yield on carbonization process, to provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or to establish burning characteristics.1.1 This test method determines the percentage of gaseous products, exclusive of moisture vapor, in the analysis sample which are released under the specific conditions of the test.1.2 This test method for determination of volatile matter is empirical; because of its empirical nature, strict adherence to basic principals and permissible procedures is required to obtain valid results.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke

ASTM D6376-06 利用波长色散X射线荧光光谱学测定石油焦中痕量金属的标准试验方法

The presence and concentration of sulfur and various metallic elements in a petroleum coke are major factors determining the suitability of a coke for various purposes. This test method provides rapid means for measuring sulfur and commercially important metallic elements in coke samples. This test method provides a guide for determining conformance to material specifications for use by buyers and sellers in a commercial transfer of petroleum coke. Sulfur contents can be used to evaluate the potential formation of sulfur oxides (SOx), a source of atmospheric pollution. 1.1 This test method covers the X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of total sulfur and trace metals in samples of raw or calcined petroleum coke. Elements determined using this test method are listed in Table 1.1.2 Detection limits, sensitivity, and optimal element ranges will vary with matrices, spectrometer type, analyzing crystal, and other instrument conditions and parameters.1.3 All analytes are determined as the element and reported as such. These include all elements listed in Table 1. This test method may be applicable to additional elements or concentration ranges if sufficient standards are available to produce proper calibration equations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM D4931-06 新出炉的石油焦炭中总含水量的标准试验方法

Moisture adds weight to the coke and serves no useful purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which are conducted on a dry basis. The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed on. The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a coke source is compounded by the presence of free water.1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on gross moisture samples) and the determination of the gross moisture content of green petroleum coke.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Gross Moisture in Green Petroleum Coke