75.160.20 液体燃料 标准查询与下载

BS EN 228:2012+A1:2017 汽车燃料 无铅汽油 要求及测试方法

1   Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol. This European Standard specifies two types of unleaded petrol: one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % ( m/m ) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % ( V/V ) in Table 1, and one type intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol with a high biofuel content, with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % ( m/m ) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % ( V/V ) in Table 2. NOTE 1 The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4],[11]". NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% ( m/m )” and “% ( V/V )” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ , and the volume fraction, φ .

Automotive fuels. Unleaded petrol. Requirements and test methods

BS EN 16568:2023 汽车燃料 脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 与柴油的混合物 120℃快速加速氧化法测定氧化安定性

1   Scope This document specifies a test method for the determination of the oxidation stability at 120 °C of fuels for diesel engines, by means of measuring the induction period of the fuel up to 20 h. The method is applicable to blends of FAME with petroleum-based diesel having a FAME content in the range between 2 % ( V / V ) and 50 % ( V / V ). NOTE 1 An almost identical test method for oxidation stability at 110 °C is described in EN 15751 [1], which applies to pure FAME and diesel/FAME blends containing 2 % ( V / V ) of FAME at minimum. Other alternative test methods for the determination of the oxidation stability of distillate fuels are described in CEN/TR 17225 [3]. NOTE 2 The precision of this method was determined using samples with a maximum induction period of approximately 20 h. Higher induction periods are not covered by the precision statement; however, experience from EN 15751 indicates sufficient precision up to 48 h. NOTE 3 The presence of cetane improver can reduce the oxidation stability determined by this test method. Limited studies with 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN) indicated that the stability is reduced to an extent which is within the reproducibility of the test method.

Automotive fuels. Blends of Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with diesel fuel. Determination of oxidation stability by rapidly accelerated oxidation method at 120 °C

DB51/T 3054-2023 四川省成品油快速筛查技术规范

本文件规定了车用汽油和车用柴油快速筛查的术语和定义、要求和试验方法、取样、方法验证、载具（车辆）要求及结果处理和报告等内容。 本文件适用于四川省内生产、储运、销售和使用环节等成品油产品的快速筛查，不适用于对成品油产品质量的判定。

Technical Specifications for Quick Screening of Refined Oil Products in Sichuan Province

ASTM D6751-23a 中间馏分燃料用生物柴油混合燃料（B100）标准规范

1.1 This specification covers six grades of biodiesel (B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. These grades are described as follows: 1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). 1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S15 LM—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust aftertreatment. 1.1.3 Grade No. 1-B S500—A special purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reacted glycerides, including those applications requiring good low temperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). 1.1.4 Grade No. 2-B S15—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). 1.1.5 Grade No. 2-B S15 LM—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and combined sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 4 ppm (maximum). LM indicates Low Metals suitable for diesel engine applications with modern exhaust aftertreatment. 1.1.6 Grade No. 2-B S500—A general purpose biodiesel blendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applications that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). 1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive. NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

BS EN 15195:2023 液体石油产品 通过在定容室中燃烧测定中间馏分燃料的点火延迟和派生十六烷值(DCN)

1   Scope This document specifies a test method for the quantitative determination of ignition delay of middle distillate fuels intended for use in compression ignition engines. The method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber designed for operation by compression ignition, and employing direct injection of fuel into compressed air that is controlled to a specified pressure and temperature. An equation is given to calculate the derived cetane number ( DCN ) from the ignition delay measurement. This document covers the ignition delay range from 2,58 ms to 6,34 ms (76,8  DCN to 33,9  DCN ). The combustion analyser can measure shorter or longer ignition delays, but precision is not known. This document is applicable to diesel fuels, including those containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 30 % ( V/V ). The method is also applicable to middle distillate fuels of non-petroleum origin, oil-sands based fuels, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils. Furthermore, the method is applicable to paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreatment, containing up to a volume fraction of 7 % FAME [1]. However, users applying this document especially to unconventional distillate fuels are warned that the relationship between derived cetane number and combustion behaviour in real engines is not yet fully understood. The test method is also applicab...

Liquid petroleum products. Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber

DB37/T 4594-2023 柴油清净增效剂应用技术要求

Technical Requirements for the Application of Diesel Detergent and Booster

23/30467022 DC BS EN 589 汽车燃料 液化石油气 要求及测试方法

BS EN 589. Automotive fuels. LPG. Requirements and test methods

ASTM D613-23 柴油十六烷值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbers using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine. 1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0) to 100, but typical testing is in the range of 30 to 65 cetane number. 1.3 The values for operating conditions are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units for information only. In addition, the engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for these units. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific warning statements, see Annex A1. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil

ASTM D2700-23 火花点火式发动机燃料的发动机辛烷值的标准试验方法

1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number, including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number. 1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D7797-23 用傅立叶变换红外光谱快速筛选法进行流量分析测定航空涡轮燃料中脂肪酸甲酯含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FA-FTIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS-1) processing for the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR), in the range of 10 mg ⁄kg to 150 mg ⁄kg. NOTE 1—Specifications falling within the scope of this test method are: Specification D1655 and Defence Standard 91-91. NOTE 2—This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 molecules, as specified in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the method is based on the molecular weight of C16 to C18 FAME species; the presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy. NOTE 3—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However the effects of these additives are removed by the flow analysis processing. NOTE 4—FAME concentrations from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, and below 10 mg/kg can be measured but the precision could be affected. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method

ASTM D2699-23 研究火花点火式发动机燃料辛烷值的标准试验方法

1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N. 1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D6751-23 中间馏分燃料用生物柴油混合燃料（B100）的标准规范

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

ASTM D7484-23 康明斯ISB中型柴油发动机配气机构磨损性能用汽车发动机油评价的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification. 1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D7484 – 21b. DOI: 10.1520/D7484-23. 2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 22-1. www.astmtmc.org. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions. 1.4 Table of Contents: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7 Preparation of Apparatus 8 Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9 Test Procedure 10 Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11 Report 12 Precision and Bias 13 Annexes Safety Precautions Annex A1 Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2 The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3 Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4 External Oil System Annex A5 Cummins Service Publications Annex A6 Specified Units and Formats Annex A7 Oil Analyses Annex A8 Alternate Fuel Approval Process Annex A9 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

ASTM D7328-23 使用水样品注射用离子色谱法测定燃料乙醇中存在的和潜在的无机硫酸盐和总无机氯化物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers an ion chromatographic procedure for the determination of the existent inorganic and potential sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol samples containing between 0.55 mg ⁄kg and 20 mg ⁄kg of existent inorganic sulfate, 4.0 mg ⁄kg to 20 mg ⁄kg of potential inorganic sulfate, and 0.75 mg ⁄kg to 50 mg ⁄kg of total inorganic chloride. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection

T/CPCIF 0242-2023 生物柴油B100

本文件规定了生物柴油B100的术语和定义、产品分类、技术要求和试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装和储存。 本文件所属产品适用于汽车、拖拉机、内燃机车、工程机械、船舶和发电机组等压燃式发动机燃料的调合组分。

Biodiesel B100

BS EN 16091:2022 液体石油产品 中间馏分油和脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）燃料及混合物 通过快速小规模氧化试验（RSSOT）测定氧化稳定性

1   Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the oxidation stability of middle distillate fuels, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends thereof, under accelerated conditions, by measuring the induction period to the specified breakpoint in a reaction vessel charged with the sample and oxygen at 140 °C. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the term “% ( V / V )” is used to represent the volume fraction ( φ ). NOTE 2 The induction period is used as an indication for the resistance of middle distillates, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuels and blends thereof against oxidation. This correlation can vary markedly under different conditions with different FAMEs and diesel fuel blends. NOTE 3 The presence of ignition improvers can lead to lower oxidation stability results determined by this method. It has for instance been observed that the addition of 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (2-EHN) can reduce the measured oxidation stability values. See [6] for details. NOTE 4 For further information on the precision data at a test temperature of 120 °C see Annex C.

Liquid petroleum products. Middle distillates and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuels and blend. Determination of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation test (RSSOT)

ASTM D7224-23 用便携式分离仪测定含添加剂的煤油型航空涡轮燃料水分离特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of kerosine-type aviation turbine fuels, both neat and those containing additives, to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through coalescing material. 1.1.1 This test method is applicable to kerosine-type aviation turbine fuels including: Jet A and Jet A-1 (as described in Specification D1655); JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, and JP-8+100. (See Section 6.) 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.2 – 8.5. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Additives by Portable Separometer

ASTM D2880-23 燃气轮机燃料油标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the grades of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. These grades are described as follows: 1.1.1 Grades No. 0-GT S5000, No. 0-GT S500, and No. 0-GT S15 includes naphtha, Jet B, and other light hydrocarbon liquids that characteristically have low flash point and low viscosity as compared with kerosine and fuel oils. 1.1.2 Grades No. 1-GT S5000, No. 1-GT S500, and No. 1-GT S15 are a light distillate fuel oil suitable for use in nearly all gas turbines. 1.1.3 Grades No. 2-GT S5000, No. 2-GT S500, and No. 2-GT S15, which is a heavier distillate than Grade No. 1-GT, can be used by gas turbines not requiring the clean burning characteristics of Grade No. 1-GT. Fuel heating equipment may be required by the gas turbine depending on the fuel system design or ambient temperature conditions, or both. 1.1.4 Grade No. 3-GT may be a heavier distillate than Grade No. 2-GT, a residual fuel oil that meets the low ash requirements, or a blend of distillate with a residual fuel oil. Fuel heating will be required by the gas turbine in almost every installation. 1.1.5 Grade No. 4-GT includes most residuals and some topped crudes. Because of the wide variation and lack of control of properties, the gas turbine manufacturer should be consulted with regard to acceptable limits on properties. 1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties. 1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels. 1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted. NOTE 1—The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine. NOTE 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865. 1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of gas turbine fuel oils at the time and place of delivery. 1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

23/30464180 DC BS ENISO 12156-1 柴油 使用高频往复装置 (HFRR) 评估润滑性 第 1 部分：测试方法

BS ENISO 12156-1 Diesel fuel. Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) - Part 1. Test method

ASTM D8290-22 使用中红外激光光谱法测定航空涡轮燃料中脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation turbine fuel in the range of 10 mg ⁄kg to 400 mg ⁄kg by measuring infrared (IR) transmission before, during, and after FAME is converted to molecules that absorb in a different spectral region than FAME using a selective chemical reaction facilitated by a suitable catalyst. NOTE 1—This test method detects all FAME components with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 carbon chain length. The accuracy of this test method is based on the molecular weight of C16 to C18 FAME species. The presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy. NOTE 2—Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants, and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by mid IR absorption. However, these additives do not contribute to the differential absorption spectrum used to quantify FAME, as they do not take part in the selective reaction. 1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 15 for more information. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel using Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy