77.140.20 (Steels of high quality) 标准查询与下载

ASTM A959-04 规定可锻不锈钢统一标准等级成分的标准指南

1.1 This standard provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for stainless steel products.1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition from Test Methods, Practices and Terminology A 751.1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses and alloys containing less than 10.5 % minimum chromium.1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications which a specific product subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.1.5 Also not generally addressed (except when established by ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and welding filler metal.

Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

ASTM A1041/A1041M-04 较高强度铬-钼-钨合金钢压力容器板的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers chromium-tungsten-molybdenum-vanadium, with or without tantalum, alloy steel plates intended primarily for welded boilers and pressure vessels designed for elevated temperature service.1.2 Plates are available under this specification in two grades having different alloy contents as follows: GradeNominalChromiumContent, %NominalTungstenContent, %NominalMolybdenum Content, %NominalVanadiumContent, %NominalTantalumContent, %3153.001.500.750.25315T3.001.500.750.250.101.3 The maximum thickness of plates is limited only by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements.1.4 The specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the plates are furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other.

Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Higher Strength Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten

ASTM A1018/A1018M-03a 钢 薄板和带材 热轧 碳 商用 拉伸 结构 高强度低合金 高强度低合金 具有改进的成形性和超高强度的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers hot rolled, heavy thickness coils beyond the size limits of specification A1011.1.2 The product is available in three designations; Structural Steel, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Columbium or Vanadium, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability.1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:ProductSize Limits, Coils Only Width, in [mm]Thickness, in [mm]Strip Over 8 to 12, incl[Over 200 to 300] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 12 to 48, incl[Over 300 to 1200] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 48[Over 1200]0.180 to 1.000, incl[Over 4.5 to 25]1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:1.4.1 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate produced in this manner is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now plate, the appropriate plate standard must now apply.1.4.2 This specification is not applicable to the steels covered by Specification A635/A635M.1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.1.4.4 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.1.4.5 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [metric] are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Drawing, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability

ASTM A484/A484M-03a 不锈钢棒、钢坯和锻件一般要求的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A 276, A 314, A 458, A 473, A 477, A 479/A 479M, A 564/A 564M, A 565, A 582/A 582M, A 638/A 638M, A 705/A 705M, and A 831/A 831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in .1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A 480/A 480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A 555/A 555M.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in [brackets]. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.7 Unless the order specifies an "M" designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A485-03 高淬透性耐磨轴承钢标准规范

1.1 This specification covers high hardenability modifications of high-carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of antifriction bearings.1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Specification for High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel

ASTM A484/A484M-03 不锈钢棒、钢坯和锻件一般要求的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers general requirements that shall apply to wrought stainless steel bars, shapes, forgings, and billets or other semi-finished material (except wire) for forging, under the latest revision of each of the following ASTM specifications: A 276, A 314, A 458, A 473, A 477, A 479/A 479M, A 564/A 564M, A 565, A 582/A 582M, A 638/A 638M, A 705/A 705M, and A 831/A 831M. 1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.1.3 The requirements for introduction of new materials in specifications referencing this specification are given in .1.4 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless steel products other than bar are covered in Specification A 480/A 480M. 1.5 General requirements for wire products in coils are covered in Specification A 555/A 555M.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in [brackets]. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.7 Unless the order specifies an "M" designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings

ASTM A1028-03 涡轮螺旋浆和压缩机用不锈钢条标准规范

1.1 This specification covers stainless steel bars for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be considered the standard.

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils

ASTM A1018/A1018M-03 钢 薄板和带材 热轧 碳 商用 拉伸 结构 高强度低合金 高强度低合金 具有改进的成形性和超高强度的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers hot rolled, heavy thickness coils beyond the size limits of specification A1011.1.2 The product is available in three designations; Structural Steel, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Columbium or Vanadium, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability.1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:ProductSize Limits, Coils Only Width, in [mm]Thickness, in [mm]Strip Over 8 to 12, incl[Over 200 to 300] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 12 to 48, incl[Over 300 to 1200] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 48[Over 1200]0.180 to 1.000, incl[Over 4.5 to 25]1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:1.4.1 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate produced in this manner is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now plate, the appropriate plate standard must now apply.1.4.2 This specification is not applicable to the steels covered by Specification A635/A635M.1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.1.4.4 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.1.4.5 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [metric] are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Hot Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, Columbium or Vanadium, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability

ASTM A262-02ae2 探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices cover the following five tests: 1.1.1 Practice A8212; Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 3 to 7, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B8212;Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 8 to 14, inclusive), 1.1.3 Practice C8212;Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 15 to 21, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 22 to 31, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-50% Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 32 to 38, inclusive). 1.2 The following factors govern the application of these practices: 1.2.1 Susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with the precipitation of chromium carbides is readily detected in all six tests. 1.2.2 Sigma phase in wrought chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates only in nitric acid. 1.2.3 Sigma phase in titanium or columbium stabilized alloys and cast molybdenum bearing stainless alloys, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates in both the nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid solutions. 1.3 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades which are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as "acceptable." 1.4 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper-copper sulfate-50% sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or non-acceptable. 1.5 In most cases either the 24-h copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test or the 120-h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, combined with the oxalic acid etch test, will provide the required information in the shortest time. All stainless grades listed in the accompanying table may be evaluated in these combinations of screening and corrosion tests, except those specimens of molybdenum-bearing grades (for example 316, 316L, 317, and 317L), which represent steel intended for use in nitric acid environments. 1.6 The 240-h nitric acid test must be applied to stabilized and molybdenum-bearing grades intended for service in nitric acid and to all stainless steel grades which might be subject to end grain corrosion in nitric acid service. 1.7 Only those stainless steel grades are listed in Table 1 for which data on the application of the oxalic acid etch test and on their performance in various quantitative evaluation tests are available. 1.8 Extensive test results on various types of stainless steels evaluated by these practices have been published in Ref (1). 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM A1018/A1018M-02 钢 薄板和带材 热轧 碳 商用 拉伸 结构 高强度低合金 高强度低合金 具有改进的成形性和超高强度的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers hot rolled, heavy thickness coils beyond the size limits of specification A1011.1.2 The product is available in three designations; Structural Steel, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Columbium or Vanadium, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability.1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:ProductSize Limits, Coils Only Width, in [mm]Thickness, in [mm]Strip Over 8 to 12, incl[Over 200 to 300] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 12 to 48, incl[Over 300 to 1200] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 48[Over 1200]0.180 to 1.000, incl[Over 4.5 to 25]1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:1.4.1 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate produced in this manner is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now plate, the appropriate plate standard must now apply.1.4.2 This specification is not applicable to the steels covered by Specification A635/A635M.1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.1.4.4 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.1.4.5 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [metric] are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Hot Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, Columbium or Vanadium, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability

ASTM A262-02 探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices cover the following five tests: 1.1.1 Practice A8212; Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 3 to 7, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B8212;Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 8 to 14, inclusive), 1.1.3 Practice C8212;Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 15 to 21, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 22 to 31, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-50% Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 32 to 38, inclusive). 1.2 The following factors govern the application of these practices: 1.2.1 Susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with the precipitation of chromium carbides is readily detected in all six tests. 1.2.2 Sigma phase in wrought chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates only in nitric acid. 1.2.3 Sigma phase in titanium or columbium stabilized alloys and cast molybdenum bearing stainless alloys, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates in both the nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid solutions. 1.3 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades which are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as "acceptable." 1.4 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper-copper sulfate-50% sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or non-acceptable. 1.5 In most cases either the 24-h copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test or the 120-h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, combined with the oxalic acid etch test, will provide the required information in the shortest time. All stainless grades listed in the accompanying table may be evaluated in these combinations of screening and corrosion tests, except those specimens of molybdenum-bearing grades (for example 316, 316L, 317, and 317L), which represent steel intended for use in nitric acid environments. 1.6 The 240-h nitric acid test must be applied to stabilized and molybdenum-bearing grades intended for service in nitric acid and to all stainless steel grades which might be subject to end grain corrosion in nitric acid service. 1.7 Only those stainless steel grades are listed in Table 1 for which data on the application of the oxalic acid etch test and on their performance in various quantitative evaluation tests are available. 1.8 Extensive test results on various types of stainless steels evaluated by these practices have been published in Ref (1). 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM A262-02a 探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices cover the following five tests: 1.1.1 Practice A8212; Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 3 to 7, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B8212;Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 8 to 14, inclusive), 1.1.3 Practice C8212;Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 15 to 21, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 22 to 31, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-50% Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 32 to 38, inclusive). 1.2 The following factors govern the application of these practices: 1.2.1 Susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with the precipitation of chromium carbides is readily detected in all six tests. 1.2.2 Sigma phase in wrought chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates only in nitric acid. 1.2.3 Sigma phase in titanium or columbium stabilized alloys and cast molybdenum bearing stainless alloys, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates in both the nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid solutions. 1.3 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades which are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as "acceptable." 1.4 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper-copper sulfate-50% sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or non-acceptable. 1.5 In most cases either the 24-h copper-copper sulfate-16% sulfuric acid test or the 120-h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, combined with the oxalic acid etch test, will provide the required information in the shortest time. All stainless grades listed in the accompanying table may be evaluated in these combinations of screening and corrosion tests, except those specimens of molybdenum-bearing grades (for example 316, 316L, 317, and 317L), which represent steel intended for use in nitric acid environments. 1.6 The 240-h nitric acid test must be applied to stabilized and molybdenum-bearing grades intended for service in nitric acid and to all stainless steel grades which might be subject to end grain corrosion in nitric acid service. 1.7 Only those stainless steel grades are listed in Table 1 for which data on the application of the oxalic acid etch test and on their performance in various quantitative evaluation tests are available. 1.8 Extensive test results on various types of stainless steels evaluated by these practices have been published in Ref (1). 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM A965/A965M-02 压力和高温零件用奥氏体钢锻件的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and associated equipment.1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition, supplementary requirements from Specification A 788 may be specified when appropriate.1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of A 336/A 336M.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts

ASTM A262-02ae3 探测奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感度的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices cover the following five tests:1.1.1 Practice A8212;Oxalic Acid Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 3 to 7, inclusive), 1.1.2 Practice B8212;Ferric Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 8 to 14, inclusive),1.1.3 Practice C8212;Nitric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 15 to 21, inclusive), 1.1.4 Practice E8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 22 to 31, inclusive), and 1.1.5 Practice F8212;Copper-Copper Sulfate-50 % Sulfuric Acid Test for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Molybdenum-Bearing Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels (Sections 32 to 38, inclusive). 1.2 The following factors govern the application of these practices: 1.2.1 Susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with the precipitation of chromium carbides is readily detected in all six tests. 1.2.2 Sigma phase in wrought chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates only in nitric acid. 1.2.3 Sigma phase in titanium or columbium stabilized alloys and cast molybdenum-bearing stainless alloys, which may or may not be visible in the microstructure, can result in high corrosion rates in both the nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid solutions. 1.3 The oxalic acid etch test is a rapid method of identifying, by simple etching, those specimens of certain stainless steel grades that are essentially free of susceptibility to intergranular attack associated with chromium carbide precipitates. These specimens will have low corrosion rates in certain corrosion tests and therefore can be eliminated (screened) from testing as "acceptable." 1.4 The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, the copper-copper sulfate-50 % sulfuric acid test, and the nitric acid test are based on weight loss determinations and, thus, provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of specimens evaluated. In contrast, the copper-copper sulfate-16 % sulfuric acid test is based on visual examination of bend specimens and, therefore, classifies the specimens only as acceptable or nonacceptable.1.5 In most cases either the 15-h copper-copper sulfate-16 % sulfuric acid test or the 120-h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test, combined with the oxalic acid etch test, will provide the required information in the shortest time. All stainless grades listed in the accompanying table may be evaluated in these combinations of screening and corrosion tests, except those specimens of molybdenum-bearing grades (for example 316, 316L, 317, and 317L), which represent steel intended for use in nitric acid environments.1.6 The 240-h nitric acid test must be applied to stabilized and molybdenum-bearing grades intended for service in nitric acid and to all stainless steel grades that might be subject to end grain corrosion in nitric acid service. 1.7 Only those stainless steel grades are listed in Table 1 for which data on the application of the oxalic acid etch test and on their performance in various quantitative evaluation tests are available.1.8 Extensive test results on various types of stainless steels evaluated by these practices have been published in Ref (1)178;. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pract......

Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels

ASTM A1011/A1011M-02 钢 板材 带钢 热轧 碳 结构 高强度低合金 成型性提高的高强度低合金和超高强度的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled structural, high strength-low alloy, and high-strength low-alloy with improved formability steel sheet and strip, in coils and cut lengths.1.2 Hot rolled steel sheet and strip is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.1.3 This specification is not applicable to the steel covered by Specification A635/A635M.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability

ASTM A774/A774M-02 低温和中等温度条件下的一般腐蚀性服务用焊接锻造奥氏体不锈钢配件标准规范

1.1 This specification covers five grades of as-welded, wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings for low-pressure piping and intended for low and moderate temperatures and general corrosive service. Users should note that certain corrosive conditions may restrict the use of one or more grades. For applications requiring a product that requires heat treatment or full pressure rating refer to Specification A403/A403M. The term "fittings" applies to butt and socket welding parts such as 45176 and 90176 elbows, tees, reducers, wyes, laterals, crosses, and stub ends. 1.2 This specification covers as-welded fittings 3 through 48 in. [75 through 1225 mm] in outside diameter and in nominal wall thicknesses 0.062 through 0.500 in. [1.6 through 12.7 mm]. Table 1 and Table 2 list the common diameters and nominal thicknesses of fittings in this specification. 1.3 This specification does not apply to cast fittings. Cast austenitic steel fittings are covered by Specification A351/ A351M. 1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests. When desired, one or more of these may be specified in the order. 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

Standard Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures

ASTM E572-02a(2006)e1 不锈钢X射线发射光谱分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:Note 1Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E572-02a(2006) 不锈钢X射线发射光谱分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:Note 1Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E572-02a(2006)e2 用X射线荧光光谱测定法分析不锈钢和合金钢的标准试验方法

This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:Note 1Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E572-02a 不锈钢X射线发射光谱分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:ElementRange %Chromium2.0 to 25.0Cobalt0.03 to 0.40Copper0.05 to 3.50Manganese0.3 to 5.0Molybdenum0.15 to 3.5Nickel0.20 to 35.0Niobium0.05 to 1.3Phosphorus0.01 to 0.03Silicon0.05 to 0.20Sulfur0.02 to 0.30Titanium0.002 to 0.04Vanadium0.03 to 0.25Note 18212;Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry