83.080.20 (Thermoplastic materials) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2538-02 用转矩流变仪进行聚氯乙烯(PVC)化合物的熔化的标准实施规程

When PVC compounds are mixed under appropriate conditions of heat and shear, a fused mass is produced. This mass has certain melt characteristics which can be defined with a torque rheometer operated under fixed conditions of shear and temperature. The fusion characteristics of a PVC compound are manifest as fusion time, fusion torque, melt torque, melt viscosity, and heat and color stability. A control lot is to be used as a standard against which other test results are to be compared. Test data are to be evaluated relative to the control lot.1.1 This practice covers the relative fusion characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) compounds.1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order: SectionFusion Test9 Thermal Stability Test10Color-Hold Stability Test11Shear Stability Test121.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 .Note 18212;There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this ASTM standard.

Standard Practice for Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Using a Torque Rheometer

ASTM D3835-02 用毛细管流变仪测定聚酯材料性能的标准试验方法

This test method is sensitive to polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, polymer stability—both thermal and rheological, shear instability, and additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, moisture reinforcements, or inert fillers, or combination thereof. The sensitivity of this test method makes the data useful for correlating with processing conditions and aids in predicting necessary changes in processing conditions. Unlike Test Method D 1238, which makes a one-point measure at a shear rate typically below processing conditions, this test method determines the shear sensitivity and flow characteristics at processing shear rates, and therefore can be used to compare materials of different compositions.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rheological properties of polymeric materials at various temperatures and shear rates common to processing equipment. It covers measurement of melt viscosity, sensitivity, or stability of melt viscosity with respect to temperature and polymer dwell time in the rheometer, die swell ratio (polymer memory), and shear sensitivity when extruding under constant rate or stress. The techniques described permit the characterization of materials that exhibit both stable and unstable melt viscosity properties.1.2 This test method has been found useful for quality control tests on both reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics, cure cycles of thermosetting materials, and other polymeric materials having a wide range of melt viscosities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Note 18212;Although this test method and ISO 11443-1995, "Plastic8212;Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit-Die Rheometers" differ in approach or detail, the data obtained using ISO 11443, Method A is technically equivalent to this test method1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer

ASTM D4673-02 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)塑料及合金模压和挤压材料的标准分类系统

1.1 This classification system covers only ABS materials and ABS alloys suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions may also be suitable for compression molding. Recycle ABS and alloys will be addressed in a separate standard.1.2 This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means of calling out materials to be used in the manufacture of parts. Materials are to be selected by personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the economics, the environment to be encountered, the inherent properties of the materials, the part design, the part performance required, and the manufacturing process to be employed all enter into the selection.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These will be agreed upon between the user and the supplier by using the suffixes given in Section 5.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;This classification system and ISO 2580 are technically equivalent for those tests contained in both standards.

Standard Classification System for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastics and Alloys Molding and Extrusion Materials

ASTM D4976-02 聚乙烯塑料模制材料和挤压材料的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides for the identification of polyethylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in such a manner that the supplier and the user can agree on the acceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. The tests involved in this specification are intended to provide information for identifying materials according to the groups, classes, and grades covered. It is not the function of this specification to provide specific engineering data for design purposes. 1.2 Other requirements may be necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These shall be agreed upon between the user and the supplier, by using the suffixes given in Section 1.3. 1.3 Ethylene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable (see Note 1). This specification allows for the use of those ethylene plastic materials, provided that any specific requirements as governed by the producer and the end user are met.Note 18212;See Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 For information regarding plastic pipe materials see Specification D3350. For information regarding wire and cable materials, see Specification D1248.Note 28212There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials

ASTM D4976-02e1 聚乙烯塑料模制材料和挤压材料的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides for the identification of polyethylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in such a manner that the supplier and the user can agree on the acceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. The tests involved in this specification are intended to provide information for identifying materials according to the groups, classes, and grades covered. It is not the function of this specification to provide specific engineering data for design purposes. 1.2 Other requirements may be necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These shall be agreed upon between the user and the supplier, by using the suffixes given in Section 1.3. 1.3 Ethylene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable (see Note 1). This specification allows for the use of those ethylene plastic materials, provided that any specific requirements as governed by the producer and the end user are met.Note 18212;See Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 For information regarding plastic pipe materials see Specification D3350. For information regarding wire and cable materials, see Specification D1248.Note 28212There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials

ASTM D4703-02 压缩模制热塑性材料成试样、牌和薄板的标准试验方法

1.1 This practice covers the compression molding of thermoplastic granules and milled stock for the preparation of test specimens.1.2 While conditions for certain materials are given, the primary source of specific conditions shall be the material specification standards for each type of material.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;The main body of this practice is equivalent to ISO 293-1986. Annex A1 and ISO 293-1986 differ in some details; however, specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure A should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method D. Specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure C should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method B. However, due to the greater cooling rate tolerances of the ISO standard, specimens prepared according to ISO Cooling Method B may not be equivalent to Annex A1, Procedure C.

Standard Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets

ASTM D6436-02 塑料和热塑弹性体的报告特性的标准指南

This guide is intended to provide ready access to the recommended property name, test method reference, maximum number of significant digits,5 and appropriate units for commonly used plastics and thermoplastic elastomer tests. It is particularly useful for those involved in the writing and proofreading of documents containing data for a large number of tests since the need to go to each individual test method should be greatly minimized. SI units are to be regarded as the standard. U.S. Customary units and conversion factors are provided to accommodate those situations where it is necessary to report both. U.S. Customary refers to units commonly used in the United States and is not always the same as inch-pound units.1.1 This guide provides recommendations for reporting the results of property values for plastics and thermoplastic elastomers in published literature, data sheets, presentations, comparative analysis, and so forth. It is intended to minimize confusion when comparing the data from several sources.1.2 This standard is not intended to replace recommendations within the test methods for reporting data. Refer to the test method or use other guidance to determine the number of significant figures for reporting laboratory test results.Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Guide for Reporting Properties for Plastics and Thermoplastic Elastomers

ASTM E2203-02 压缩密封件、垫圈、镶嵌夹具、间隔物和附件的致密热塑性弹性体的标准规范

1.1 This specification describes products composed of dense thermoplastic elastomers that are fabricated into gaskets and accessories (such as compression seals, setting blocks, spacers, and shims) for use in sealing and glazing applications in building construction. These products are used to seal or serve as components of compression sealing systems between mechanically restrained surfaces in building construction.1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.3 Test Method C 1166, as referenced in this specification, should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Specification for Dense Thermoplastic Elastomers Used for Compression Seals, Gaskets, Setting Blocks, Spacers and Accessories

ASTM E2203-02(2008) 压缩密封件、垫圈、镶嵌夹具、间隔物和附件的致密热塑性弹性体的标准规范

1.1 This specification describes products composed of dense thermoplastic elastomers that are fabricated into gaskets and accessories (such as compression seals, setting blocks, spacers, and shims) for use in sealing and glazing applications in building construction. These products are used to seal or serve as components of compression sealing systems between mechanically restrained surfaces in building construction. 1.2 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 Test Method C 1166, as referenced in this specification, should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Specification for Dense Thermoplastic Elastomers Used for Compression Seals, Gaskets, Setting Blocks, Spacers and Accessories

ASTM F1698-02(2008) 排污管和管道修复用聚氯乙烯(PVC)异型条衬里和水泥灌浆安装的标准实施规程

This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions. 1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a field-fabricated PVC liner. After installation of the liner, cementitious grout is injected into the annular space between the liner and the existing sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite structure (PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilitation process may be used in a variety of gravity applications, such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers and process piping of man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners are supplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cut flat panels for circumferential lining of all or any portion of the circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.

Standard Practice for Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry Sewers and Conduits

ASTM D4673-02(2008) 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)的模塑和挤塑材料的标准分类系统

1.1 This classification system covers only ABS materials and ABS alloys suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions may also be suitable for compression molding. Recycle ABS and alloys will be addressed in a separate standard. 1.2 This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means of calling out materials to be used in the manufacture of parts. Materials are to be selected by personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the economics, the environment to be encountered, the inherent properties of the materials, the part design, the part performance required, and the manufacturing process to be employed all enter into the selection. 1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These will be agreed upon between the user and the supplier by using the suffixes given in Section 5. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This classification system and ISO 2580 are technically equivalent for those tests contained in both standards.

Standard Classification System for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastics and Alloys Molding and Extrusion Materials

ASTM D2839-02 利用熔融指数值测定聚乙烯塑料的密度的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the preparation of a sample for polyethylene density determination in accordance with Test Method D 1505. The sample consists of a strand produced by extrusion of the polyethylene in accordance with Test Method D 1238, Condition 190/2.16 (Melt Index).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Determining Density of Polyethylene

ASTM D1784-02 硬质聚氯乙烯化(PVC)合物和氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)化合物的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers rigid PVC and CPVC compounds intended for general purpose use in extruded or molded form, including piping applications involving special chemical and acid resistance or heat resistance, composed of poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), or vinyl chloride copolymers containing at least 80 % vinyl chloride, and the necessary compounding ingredients. The compounding ingredients may consist of lubricants, stabilizers, non-poly(vinyl chloride) resin modifiers, pigments, and inorganic fillers. Note 18212;Selection of specific compounds for particular end uses or applications requires consideration of other characteristics such as thermal properties, optical properties, weather resistance, etc. Specific requirements and test methods for these properties shall be by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.1.2 Rigid PVC compounds intended for pipe, fittings, and other piping appurtenances are covered in Specifications D 3915 and D 4396.1.3 Rigid PVC compounds for exterior building product applications are covered in Specification D 4216.1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.5 Rigid PVC recycle plastics meeting the requirements of this specification may be used in some applications. Refer to the specific requirements in the materials and manufacture section of the applicable product standard.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;This specification is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1163-1: 1985 and ISO 1163-2: 1980.

Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds

ASTM D6394-02 磺基塑料(SP)的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the classification of sulfone plastics suitable for injection molding and extrusion. 1.2 The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These will be specified by using the suffixes in Section 5. 1.3 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out sulfone plastics used in the fabrication of end items or parts. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastics field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this specification. 1.4 Sulfone polymers, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This specification allows for the use of those sulfone polymer materials, provided that any specific requirements are met. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;Reference Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to recycled plastics. Note 28212; There is no equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Specification for Sulfone Plastics (SP)

ASTM D3679-02 硬质聚氯乙烯档板标准规范

1.1 This specification establishes requirements and test methods for the materials, dimensions, warp, shrinkage, impact strength, expansion, appearance, and windload resistance of extruded single-wall siding manufactured from rigid (unplasticized) PVC compound. Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are also provided.1.2 Rigid PVC recycled plastic may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 4. 1.3 Rigid (unplasticized) PVC soffit is covered in Specification D 4477. 1.4 Siding produced to this specification shall be installed in accordance with Practice D 4756. Reference shall also be made to the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product to be installed. Note 18212;Information with regard to siding maintenance shall be obtained from the manufacturer. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information purposes only. 1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this specification.

Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding

ASTM C1147-01(2012) 耐化学性热塑(性)塑料的短期拉伸焊接强度测定的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the preparation and evaluation of joints between two pieces of weldable grades of thermoplastic materials, backed and unbacked, (such as those shown in Table 1) up to 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness.TABLE 1 Typical Guide for Hot Gas Welding TemperaturesNote 1???For other welding techniques, consult material and equipment supplier for recommendations. ??FA Recommended Gas TypeB HDPE 500???600 Nitrogen or Air PP 550???600

Standard Practice for Determining the Short Term Tensile Weld Strength of Chemical-Resistant Thermoplastics

ASTM D4066-01 尼龙注入及挤压材料的标准分类系统

1.1 This classification system covers nylon materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for compression molding and application from solution.1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. These may be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call-out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 18212;This classification system is similar to ISO 1874-1/-2 1993, although the technical content is significantly different.Note 28212;This classification system is being revised to include international 4-mm specimens and test procedures as the standard for compliance. The 3.2-mm specimens; test methods; and Tables PA, A, and B are included in Appendix X3 as a reference for those wishing to use them. It is recommended that the material manufacturer be consulted on all call-outs against this classification system.

Standard Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)

ASTM D3679-01a 硬质聚氯乙烯档板标准规范

1.1 This specification establishes requirements and test methods for the materials, dimensions, warp, shrinkage, impact strength, expansion, appearance, and windload resistance of extruded single-wall siding manufactured from rigid (unplasticized) PVC compound. Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are also provided.1.2 Rigid PVC recycled plastic may be used in this product in accordance with the requirements in Section 4. 1.3 Rigid (unplasticized) PVC soffit is covered in Specification D 4477. 1.4 Siding produced to this specification shall be installed in accordance with Practice D 4756. Reference shall also be made to the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product to be installed. Note 18212;Information with regard to siding maintenance shall be obtained from the manufacturer. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information purposes only. 1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this specification.

Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding

ASTM D6040-01 非烧结聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)挤制薄膜或带材的标准试验方法的标准指南

1.1 This guide identifies test methods to use in evaluating unsintered extruded films or tapes manufactured from polytetrafluoroethylene. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;There is no ISO standard that covers all of the information included in this guide. A few of these test methods are mentioned in ISO 12086-2:1995.

Standard Guide to Standard Test Methods for Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Extruded Film or Tape

ASTM D1531-01e1 用液体位移法测定介电常数与耗散系数的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods provide techniques for the determination of the relative (Note 0) permittivity and the dissipation factor of solid insulating materials by fluid (Note 0) displacement. In common usage, the word "relative" is frequently dropped.Note 0The word "fluid" is a commonly used synonym for "liquid'''' and yet a gas is also a fluid. In these test methods the words fluid and liquid appear as synonyms, but the word fluid is also used to show that liquid is not all that is meant.1.2 Test Method A is especially suited to the precise measurements on polyethylene sheeting at 23C and at frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. It may also be used at other frequencies and temperatures to make measurements on other materials in sheet form.1.3 Test Method B is limited to the frequency range of available guarded bridges. It is especially suited to measurements on very thin films since it does not require determination of the thickness of the specimen. The test method provides an estimate of the thickness of thin films which is more accurate and precise than thickness measurements obtained by other means.1.4 Test Method B is also useful for measurements of polymer sheeting up to 2 mm thickness.1.5 These test methods permit calculation of the dissipation factor of the specimens tested.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see .1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement Procedures