87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1187-97(2002)e1 金属保护涂层用沥清乳液的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers emulsified asphalt suitable for application in a relatively thick film as a protective coating for metal surfaces. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

Standard Specification for Asphalt-Base Emulsions for Use as Protective Coatings for Metal

ASTM D3134-97 颜色和光泽度偏差确定的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for establishing tolerances and evaluating the color and gloss of specimens with respect to specified standards. This practice is appropriate for non fluorescent opaque specimens. 1.2 This practice does not indicate the extent of tolerances, but gives guidance on how they can be set. For product specification, the tolerances between specimens and the specified standard should be agreed upon between purchaser and seller. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances

ASTM D1641-97 外用清漆耐用性的试验方法

1.1 This practice covers the procedure for evaluating durability of varnishes applied to a wooden substrate. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting Outdoor Exposure Tests of Varnishes

ASTM D5588-97(2008) 测定涂料.涂料原料和设备区微生物状态的标准试验方法

Spoilage of paint in the container is often related to the use of contaminated raw materials, water (particularly recycled washwater), vessels, piping, and equipment in the manufacturing plant. There is a need for a simple method to determine the presence or absence of microorganisms in plants that manufacture paints and coatings. Such a determination enables the manufacturer to establish the point of contamination (that is, raw materials or problem housekeeping areas in the plant) to help in solving the spoilage problem. Note 18212;Some contamination in plant areas is to be expected, since microorganisms are ubiquitous and cannot generally be eliminated practically (it is what an in-can preservative is supposed to control). Excessive levels of contamination or contaminated raw materials can exceed the capability of the preservative. If you have excessive contamination in the plant, there are methods for decontamination including steam, preservatives, bleach, etc. These should be discussed with your biocide supplier and used with care. Recovery of spoiled or contaminated products is often not feasible, so an adequate level of the appropriate biocide in conjunction with good plant housekeeping practices are essential. Your biocide supplier can also help here. This test method may be used by persons without basic microbiological training, but some training on aseptic techniques would be recommended. Note 28212;The reliability of the results obtained from this test method is extremely dependent on the techniques employed. Improper techniques can result in a sterile sample appearing to be contaminated, and even worse, a contaminated sample appearing to be sterile (see also 5.1). It is recommended that you consult with your biocide supplier, raw material supplier, or an independent testing laboratory to confirm questionable results.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the microbial condition (contamination or sterility) of raw materials used in the manufacture of paint, and the microbial condition of paint and paint manufacturing areas. 1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Microbial Condition of Paint, Paint Raw Materials, and Plant Areas

ASTM D6166-97(2003) 松脂制品和相关产品颜色的标准试验方法(加德纳仪器测定颜色)

4.1 This test method provides a more precise way of measuring Gardner color than described in Test Method D 1544. It is applicable to naval stores products having colors from Gardner 1 to Gardner 18. The Gardner scale is not applicable to materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than 18.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the color of clear, yellow/brown, liquid materials using color measuring instruments. The results may be invalid if other materials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scale described in Test Method D 1544. This test method applies to naval stores products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, rosin, and related products.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)

ASTM D344-97 用擦试外规评定法对涂料相对遮盖力的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides for the qualitative and quantitative visual determination of the hiding power of a test paint relative to that of a comparison paint. 1.2 This test method describes only a brushout application procedure in specific detail, but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts

ASTM D344-97(2004) 用擦试外规评定法对涂料相对遮盖力的标准试验方法

This test method evaluates the hiding power of a test paint relative to a comparison paint. The results have significance only within that relationship. It may be used for production control or quality comparisons. When a paint is applied by brush or any other practical method, the opacity of the film is affected by variations in film thickness related to the application procedure and to the application characteristics of the paint. Two paints that hide equally well by this method might therefore differ considerably when applied with a doctor blade, since the latter method gives essentially perfect leveling. Different brushes or surface application conditions can likewise give different results. Note 18212;Test Method D 2805 describes an instrumental method for quantitatively determining hiding power without reference to a material paint standard. The paint film is applied at a uniform thickness (for example, with a doctor blade), the film thickness is measured rigorously, and the opacity is evaluated photometrically. Hiding power is thereby determined with a high degree of precision. Test Method D 344 is less precise than Test Method D 2805, but is more practical because it is responsive to the application characteristics of paints, and is simpler in concept and execution.1.1 This test method provides for the qualitative and quantitative visual determination of the hiding power of a test paint relative to that of a comparison paint.1.2 This test method describes only a brushout application procedure in specific detail, but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts

ASTM D4958-97 乳胶漆用刮路刷的比较用标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type latex paints. 1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent paints. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

ASTM D4958-97(2004) 乳胶漆用刮路刷的比较用标准试验方法

As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag). This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined. Note 18212;The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D 4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushabilities corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.4 1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

ASTM D5125-97(2005) 用ISO流量杯法测定涂料及有关材料粘度的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of package and application viscosities of paints and other coatings. It is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids. This test method may be used similarly to ISO 2431 in conjunction with flashpoint to determine the hazard grouping of viscous liquids in international regulations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups. Note 18212;If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Methods D 2196 should be used.1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm2/s). The most commonly used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice.1.3 This test method is limited to testing materials for which the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to determine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of 100 s due to slowing-down effects.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 28212;The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The U. S. Department of Transportation permits the use of these regulations for transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for foreign destinations.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups

ASTM D5125-97 用ISO流量杯法测定涂料及有关材料粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups. Note 1-If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D 2196 should be used. 1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm /s). The most commonly used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice. 1.3 This test method is limited to testing materials for which the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to determine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of 100 s due to slowing-down effects. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 2-The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The U. S. Department of Transportation permits the use of these regulations for transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for foreign destinations.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups

ASTM D3134-97(2003) 颜色和光泽度偏差确定的标准实施规程

Color specifications are centered around exact positions in color space. Correspondingly, gloss specifications are centered around an exact position on the gloss scale. Because it is difficult to achieve these exact positions repeatedly, it is necessary to specify tolerances that are acceptable to both the buyer and the seller. This practice details the procedure for accomplishing this goal.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for establishing tolerances and evaluating the color and gloss of specimens with respect to specified standards. This practice is appropriate for nonfluorescent opaque specimens.1.2 This practice does not indicate the extent of tolerances, but gives guidance on how they can be set. For product specification, the tolerances between specimens and the specified standard should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances

ASTM D5589-97(2002) 测定漆膜及有关涂层耐海藻损坏的标准试验方法

Defacement of paint and coating films by algal growth is a common phenomenon under certain conditions. It is generally known that differences in the environment, lighting, temperature, substrate, and other factors in addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a means to comparatively evaluate different coating formulations for their relative performance under a given set of conditions. It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual application (see Note 1). Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. This test method should not be used by persons without at least basic microbiological training.1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of a paint or coating film to algal growth. Note 18212;It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect those results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Algal Defacement

ASTM D5588-97(2012) 涂料、涂料原料和设备区微生物状态测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the microbial condition (contamination or sterility) of raw materials used in the manufacture of paint, and the microbial condition of paint and paint manufacturing areas. 1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Microbial Condition of Paint, Paint Raw Materials, and Plant Areas

ASTM D5588-97(2002) 测定涂料、涂料原料和设备区微生物状态的标准试验方法

Spoilage of paint in the container is often related to the use of contaminated raw materials, water (particularly recycled washwater), vessels, piping, and equipment in the manufacturing plant. There is a need for a simple method to determine the presence or absence of microorganisms in plants that manufacture paints and coatings. Such a determination enables the manufacturer to establish the point of contamination (that is, raw materials or problem housekeeping areas in the plant) to help in solving the spoilage problem. Note 18212;Some contamination in plant areas is to be expected, since microorganisms are ubiquitous and cannot generally be eliminated practically (it is what an in-can preservative is supposed to control). Excessive levels of contamination or contaminated raw materials can exceed the capability of the preservative. If you have excessive contamination in the plant, there are methods for decontamination including steam, preservatives, bleach, etc. These should be discussed with your biocide supplier and used with care. Recovery of spoiled or contaminated products is often not feasible, so an adequate level of the appropriate biocide in conjunction with good plant housekeeping practices are essential. Your biocide supplier can also help here. This test method may be used by persons without basic microbiological training, but some training on aseptic techniques would be recommended. Note 28212;The reliability of the results obtained from this test method is extremely dependent on the techniques employed. Improper techniques can result in a sterile sample appearing to be contaminated, and even worse, a contaminated sample appearing to be sterile (see also 5.1). It is recommended that you consult with your biocide supplier, raw material supplier, or an independent testing laboratory to confirm questionable results.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the microbial condition (contamination or sterility) of raw materials used in the manufacture of paint, and the microbial condition of paint and paint manufacturing areas. 1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Microbial Condition of Paint, Paint Raw Materials, and Plant Areas

ASTM D4707-97(2003)e1 测量辊涂机耐涂料喷溅的标准试验方法

Paint spatter generated by roller application is dependent on the properties of both the paint being applied and the paint roller cover used for the application. To eliminate the influence of the paint roller cover as a variable, and thus restrict the spatter-inducing variable to the paint under test only, the paint roller cover is replaced by a standard notched spool roller to generate spatter by a mechanism that simulates that of a paint-applying roller cover. Although most of the development work to establish this test method was undertaken using latex paints, sufficient work was also done to show its applicability to solvent-reducible paints. Tests during the development of this test method showed that the spattering properties of paints, like other physical properties, may in time change. Therefore, the results of this test are valid only for the time when the test is run.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a paint to spatter when applied with a paint roller to a substrate. 1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use .

Standard Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter Resistance During Roller Application

ASTM D822-96 用经过过滤的明光碳弧曝光装置测定涂料及相关涂层的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and G 152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1--Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 152, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in filtered open flame carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 5031. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D5031-96 使用封闭碳弧光灯曝露仪对涂料及有关涂层进行试验的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in enclosed carbon arc devices operated according to Practices G 151 and G 153. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1--Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources, and by Practice G 153, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in enclosed carbon-arc devices.1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D 822. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D 3361, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open flame or enclosed carbon arcs.Note 2--Practice D 3361 requires use of open-flame carbon-arc apparatus with automatic humidity control.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D2805-96a(2003) 反射计法测试涂料遮盖力的标准测试方法

This is a precise instrumental method giving results having an absolute physical significance without reference to a comparison paint. It should be used when maximum precision and minimum subjectivity are required, as in testing specification coatings or evaluating the hiding efficiency of pigments. Hiding power Test Method D 344 is visual instead of instrumental, and gives results that are relative to a material standard instead of absolute. It is less precise than Test Method D 2805 but more closely aligned with practical painting procedures.1.1 This test method covers the determination, without reference to a material paint standard, of the hiding power of air dry coatings with Y tristimulus values greater than 15%. With appropriate modification, it can also be used to test baking finishes. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry

ASTM D5965-96 涂层粉末比重的标准测试方法

1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determining the specific gravity (see definition) of coating powders, as follows: TEST METHOD A8212;For Testing Coating Powders, Excluding MetallicsTEST METHOD B8212;For Tests Requiring Greater Precision than Test Method A,Including Metallics, Using Helium PycnometryTEST METHOD C8212;For Theoretical Calculation Based on Raw Material SpecificGravities1.2 Test Method A can be used as a less expensive method with reduced accuracy for determining the specific gravity of coating powders, excluding metallics.1.3 The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations used in the Test Method B determination of density of coating powders.1.4 Test Method B includes procedures that provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during round robin testing.1.5 Test Method B uses SI units as standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units. Many instruments report density as g/cm3, instead of using SI units (kg/m3).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders