87.040 (Paints and varnishes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1400-94 非铁金属基表面非传导涂层干膜厚度无损测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the nondestructive measurement of the dry film thickness of electrically nonconductive coatings applied over a nonferrous metal base using commercially available eddy current instruments. This test method is intended to supplement manufacturers'' instructions for the manual operation of the gages, and is not intended to replace them.1.2 This test method is not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under the load of the measuring instruments, as the instrument probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base

ASTM D4144-94(2005) 紫外线固化涂层包装耐久性评估的标准试验方法

Coatings intended to be cured by ultraviolet radiation, especially those involving free radical chemistry, tend to polymerize during storage. It is of interest to determine how well a formulation resists this effect. Many factors influence the storage stability of a composition. The procedures described here are intended to improve the precision of determining this property. Because the effects of resins, monomers, photoinitiators, synergists, stabilizers, or pigments can alter the relation between elevated and room temperature stabilities, any correlation of performance at two different temperatures is possible only with a given formulation and, therefore, is useful only for quality control.1.1 This method covers procedures for testing the package stability of coatings intended to be cured by ultraviolet radiation. One procedure is given for clear coatings and another for opaque fillers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Estimating Package Stability of Coatings for Ultraviolet Curing

ASTM D4138-94(2001)e1 用破坏性方法测量保护涂层系统干膜厚度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of dry film thickness of coating films by microscopical observation of precision angular cuts in the coating film. Use of these methods usually requires repair of the coating film. 1.2 Three test methods are provided for measuring dry film thickness of protective coating system: 1.2.1 Test Method A--Using groove cutting instruments. 1.2.2 Test Method B --Using grinding instruments. 1.2.3 Test Method C --Using drill bit instruments. 1.3 The substrate should be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation of the coating during the cutting process. The surface may be flat or moderately curved (pipes as small as 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter may be measured in the axial direction). 1.4 The range of thickness measurement is 0 to 50 mils (0 to 1.3 mm). 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive Means

ASTM E1645-94 热板法或微波溶解法连续分析铅含量用干漆样品制备的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the sample preparation procedures for paint samples that are collected during the assessment, management or control of lead hazards.1.2 This practice describes the digestion procedures using a hot plate or microwave oven or apparatus for paint samples that are to be analyzed for lead content.1.3 This practice covers the general considerations for quantitative sample extraction for total recoverable lead in dried paint samples (either bulk paint or paint powder) using hot plate or microwave heating techniques, or both.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.1.6 This practice is based on two NIOSH Methods, 7082 and 7105, and on an EPA standard operating procedure for lead in paint.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.2.4.4 and 7.2.1.

Standard Practice for the Preparation of Dried Paint Samples by Hotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent Lead Analysis

ASTM D5326-94a(2002) 染色胶乳涂料中颜色显现的标准试验方法

A colorant sometimes fails to disperse completely in a base paint due to poor compatibility, which can be the fault of the colorant, the paint, or both. This will result in poor color development, which is readily manifested by the common procedure of applying the paint with a doctor blade and subjecting the drawdown to high shear stress by finger-rubbing a small area of the partially dry film. This tends to disperse undeveloped colorant, if any, and produces a color variation between the unsheared and sheared areas of the paint film. The variation can be measured colorimetrically to give a numerical color difference value that is a measure of the color development of the original paint, the smaller the difference the better the color development and vice versa. Color difference values obtained by finger-rubbing were found to vary widely for the same as well as among different operators. This test method establishes a controlled shear-stress procedure analogous to the finger rub-up test, but with far better reproducibility. Poor color development can be a problem in the production of paints, and in their performance in the field. In production it causes a loss of colorant monetary value, and unpredictable tinting results. In field performance it results in color variations in the applied paint film due to the varying shear forces to which the paint is subjected at different stages or by different modes of application. Although poor color development is primarily and most often related to the colorant portion of a tinted paint, the white pigment in the base paint can also be poorly developed due to flocculation or other causes. In the latter case, shear dispersion can make the paint film lighter and less colorful, rather than the reverse. Then too, the colorant and the white might both be poorly developed, and the color change due to shear stress would then be the combined effect of both. In any case, color development is an important paint property, for the measurement of which this test method is intended to provide a generally accepted and reproducible test method.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring color development in tinted latex paints, for the purpose of determining the efficiency of colorants, the tintability of base paints and the potential for poor color uniformity of applied paint films.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex Paints

ASTM D5326-94a(2013) 染色胶乳涂料中颜色显现的标准试验方法

5.1 A colorant sometimes fails to disperse completely in a base paint due to poor compatibility, which can be the fault of the colorant, the paint, or both. This will result in poor color development, which is readily manifested by the common procedure of applying the paint with a doctor blade and subjecting the drawdown to high shear stress by finger-rubbing a small area of the partially dry film. This tends to disperse undeveloped colorant, if any, and produces a color variation between the unsheared and sheared areas of the paint film. The variation can be measured colorimetrically to give a numerical color difference value that is a measure of the color development of the original paint, the smaller the difference the better the color development and vice versa. Color difference values obtained by finger-rubbing were found to vary widely for the same as well as among different operators. This test method establishes a controlled shear-stress procedure analogous to the finger rub-up test, but with far better reproducibility. 5.2 Poor color development can be a problem in the production of paints, and in their performance in the field. In production it causes a loss of colorant monetary value, and unpredictable tinting results. In field performance it results in color variations in the applied paint film due to the varying shear forces to which the paint is subjected at different stages or by different modes of application. 5.3 Although poor color development is primarily and most often related to the colorant portion of a tinted paint, the white pigment in the base paint can also be poorly developed due to flocculation or other causes. In the latter case, shear dispersion can make the paint film lighter and less colorful, rather than the reverse. Then too, the colorant and the white might both be poorly developed, and the color change due to shear stress would then be the combined effect of both. 5.4 In any case, color development is an important paint property, for the measurement of which this test method is intended to provide a generally accepted and reproducible test method. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring color development in tinted latex paints, for the purpose of determining the efficiency of colorants, the tintability of base paints and the potential for poor color uniformity of applied paint films. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex Paints

ASTM D1200-94(1999) 使用福特粘度杯测定粘性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D2196 should be used. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

ASTM D1200-94(2005) 福特粘度杯测定粘度的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of package and application viscosities of a number of paints and other coatings and in the thinning of these materials, but is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids. There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that produce more accurate results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D 2196 should be used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

ASTM D5590-94 用加速的四周琼脂平面培养分析测定漆膜及有关涂层耐霉菌损坏的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or coating films to fungal growth. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay

ASTM D4061-94(2006) 平面涂层回复反射的标准试验方法

The quantity coefficient of retroreflected luminance is a measure of the reflected luminance in the direction of the observer. This is the light returned by the retroreflective surface to the observer from the source, which in practice is the vehicle headlamp. This test method may be used as a measure of the nighttime performance of horizontally applied surfacing materials used on highway surfaces for lane markings and other traffic control purposes. Since this test method is a laboratory procedure, test specimens must be prepared so that they can be mounted on the specimen holder. Specimens measured by this laboratory method may be used as transfer standards for the calibration of portable instrumentation. Specimen selection and preparation may significantly influence the results of this test method.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the retroreflective properties of horizontal surfacing materials, such as traffic stripe paint systems, traffic tapes, and traffic surface symbols.1.2 Specimen preparation, size, and shape must be determined and specified by the user of this test method. Likewise, the user must specify the observation and entrance angles to be used (see ).1.3 The geometric requirements of this test method are based on materials for which the relative retroreflectance changes less than approximately 50 % over the observation angle range from 0.2 to 0.5. This is illustrated in .1.4 This test method is a laboratory test and requires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that stray light does not affect the test results. This facility must be capable of housing the required 15-m test distance.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coatings

ASTM D662-93(2005) 外用漆侵蚀程度评价的标准试验方法

Erosion failure of paint films can occur in use. This test method provides a mean of evaluating the degree of failure by comparing to pictorial standards.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of erosion of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints

ASTM D661-93(2005) 外用漆破裂程度评价的标准试验方法

Cracking failure of paint films can occur in use. This test method provides a means of evaluating the degree of the failure by comparing the pictorial standards.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of cracking of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints

ASTM D662-93(2000) 由于腐蚀引起的土壤损耗的评价方法选择的标准指南

1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of erosion of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints

ASTM D4039-93(2004) 高光泽表面反射光雾的试验方法

Measured gloss values of specimens depend on the angle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and the geometric distribution of the reflected light. Haze is produced by irregularities in the reflecting surface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around the specular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D 523 are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering characteristics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimens having different surface refractive indexes are being compared. A better index of scattering can be obtained by making two specular reflectance measurements, that is, the use of two receptor apertures of different size. In this test method, values for reflection haze are obtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one made with a large receptor aperture and the other made with a small receptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosen to permit the use of glossmeters that provide 60° specular gloss measurements (large receptor aperture) and 20° specular gloss measurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in Test Method D 523. An additional method for the measurement of reflection haze is given in Test Method E 430.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (). It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

ASTM D1186-93 铁基非磁性涂层干膜厚度的无损标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the nondestructive measurement of the dry film thickness of nonmagnetic coatings applied over a ferrous base material using commercially available test instruments. The test methods cover the use of instruments based on magnetic measuring principles only. Test Method A provides for the measurement of films using magnetic pull-off gages and Test Method B provides for the measurement of films using magnetic flux gages. 1.2 These test methods are not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under the load of the measuring instruments, as the instrument probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading. 1.3 The values given in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base

ASTM D660-93(2005) 外用漆龟裂程度评价的标准试验方法

Since checking is not easily recognizable, this test method is intended to provide, through definition and illustrations, a means of evaluating the degree of this film failure.1.1 The illustrated reference standards included in this test method are representative of degrees and types of checking of exterior paint films. These standards are primarily intended for comparative evaluation.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints

ASTM D662-93(2011) 外用漆侵蚀程度评估的标准试验方法

Erosion failure of paint films can occur in use. This test method provides a mean of evaluating the degree of failure by comparing to pictorial standards.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of erosion of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints

ASTM D4039-93(1999) 高光泽表面的反射雾的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using two specular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index for high-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4). It is particularly useful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossy substrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by the surfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces

ASTM D3361-93 用非滤光碳弧型装置测定涂料和有关涂层的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in unfiltered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practice G 151. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results.Note 1--Previous versions of this practice referenced carbon-arc devices described by Practice G 23, which described very specific equipment designs. Practice G 23 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G 151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources.1.2 This practice covers unfiltered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, and covers the exposure cycle that has been commonly referred to as the "dew cycle." Practice D 822 describes filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices, and Practice D 5031 describes enclosed carbon-arc exposures. The radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than either filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

ASTM D2248-93 有机涂层耐洗涤剂性能的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance to failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes when immersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes