93.020 土方工程、挖掘、地基构造、地下工程 标准查询与下载

ASTM C1242-18a 石材连接系统尺寸的选择、设计和安装的标准指南

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems

DIN EN ISO 22476-10:2018 土工调查和检验.现场检验.第10部分:重力探测试验(ISO 22476-10-2017);德文版本EN ISO 22476-10-2017

The standard comprises requirements for ground investigations by means of the weight sounding test (WST) as part of the geotechnical investigations according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 10: Weight sounding test (ISO 22476-10:2017); German version EN ISO 22476-10:2017

ASTM D3385-18 用双环渗透仪测定土壤渗入速率的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a procedure for field measurement of the rate of infiltration of liquid (typically water) into soils using double-ring infiltrometer. 1.2 The infiltrometer is installed by driving into the soil. The infiltrometer also may be installed in a trench excavated in dry or stiff soils. 1.3 Soils should be regarded as natural occurring soils or processed materials or mixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or other porous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are in accordance with requirements of 1.6. 1.4 This test method is particularly applicable to relatively uniform fine-grained soils, with an absence of very plastic (fat) clays and gravel-size particles and with moderate to low resistance to ring penetration. 1.5 This test method may be conducted at the ground surface or at given depths in pits, and on bare soil or with vegetation in place, depending on the conditions for which infiltration rates are desired. However, this test method cannot be conducted where the test surface is below the groundwater table or perched water table. 1.6 This test method is difficult to use or the resultant data may be unreliable, or both, in very pervious or impervious soils (soils with a hydraulic conductivity greater than about 10−2 cm/s or less than about 1 × 10−5 cm/s) or in dry or stiff soils if these fracture when the rings are installed. For soils with hydraulic conductivity less than 1 × 10−5 cm/s refer to Test Method D5093. 1.7 This test method cannot be used directly to determine the hydraulic conductivity (coefficient of permeability) of the soil (see 5.2). 1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer

T/CSEE 0059-2017 输变电工程地基基础检测规范

本标准规定了架空输电线路和变电站（换流站、开关站）工程的地基基础检测方法、检测要求和 检测结果评价原则。 本标准适用于新建、改建和扩建的架空输电线路工程、变电站（换流站、开关站）工程的地基基 础检测与评价。

Specifications for foundation testing of power transmission and transformation projects

ASTM D6758-18 通过电子机械方法测量土壤和土壤集料的刚度和表观模量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement by electromechanical means of the in-place stiffness of soil or soilaggregate mixtures so as to determine a Young’s modulus based on certain assumptions. The apparatus and procedure provide a fairly rapid means of testing so as to minimize interference and delay of construction. The test procedure is intended for evaluating the stiffness or modulus of materials used in earthworks and roadworks. Rapid in-place stiffness testing supports U.S. federal and state efforts to specify the in-place performance of construction materials based on modulus. Results obtained from this method are applicable to the evaluation of granular cohesionless materials. They are also applicable to the evaluation of silty and clayey materials with more than 20 % fines that are not subject to a change in moisture content. If the silty and clayey material experiences a change in moisture content, then moisture content shall be taken into account if the results of this method are to be applicable. The stiffness measured with this method is influenced by boundary conditions, specifically the support offered by underlying layers as well as the thickness and modulus of the layer being tested. Since this method approximates the layer(s) being evaluated as a half-space, then the modulus measured is also approximate. 1.2 The stiffness, in force per unit displacement, is determined by imparting a small measured force to the surface of the ground, measuring the resulting surface velocity and calculating the stiffness. This is done over a frequency range and the results are averaged. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units equivalents may be approximate. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Stiffness and Apparent Modulus of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Electro-Mechanical Method

ASTM D6758-18e1 用机电法测量土壤和土壤集料的刚度和表观模量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the measurement by electromechanical means of the in-place stiffness of soil or soilaggregate mixtures so as to determine a Young’s modulus based on certain assumptions. The apparatus and procedure provide a fairly rapid means of testing so as to minimize interference and delay of construction. The test procedure is intended for evaluating the stiffness or modulus of materials used in earthworks and roadworks. Rapid in-place stiffness testing supports U.S. federal and state efforts to specify the in-place performance of construction materials based on modulus. Results obtained from this method are applicable to the evaluation of granular cohesionless materials. They are also applicable to the evaluation of silty and clayey materials with more than 20 % fines that are not subject to a change in moisture content. If the silty and clayey material experiences a change in moisture content, then moisture content shall be taken into account if the results of this method are to be applicable. The stiffness measured with this method is influenced by boundary conditions, specifically the support offered by underlying layers as well as the thickness and modulus of the layer being tested. Since this method approximates the layer(s) being evaluated as a half-space, then the modulus measured is also approximate. 1.2 The stiffness, in force per unit displacement, is determined by imparting a small measured force to the surface of the ground, measuring the resulting surface velocity and calculating the stiffness. This is done over a frequency range and the results are averaged. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. NOTE 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Stiffness and Apparent Modulus of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Electro-Mechanical Method

ASTM D6639-18 频率域电磁法用于地下场地表征的标准指南

1.1 Purpose and Application: 1.1.1 This guide summarizes the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods for the assessment of subsurface conditions using the frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) method. 1.1.2 FDEM measurements as described in this standard guide are applicable to mapping subsurface conditions for geologic, geotechnical, hydrologic, environmental, agricultural, archaeological and forensic site characterizations as well as mineral exploration. 1.1.3 The FDEM method is sometimes used to map such diverse geologic conditions as depth to bedrock, fractures and fault zones, voids and sinkholes, soil and rock properties, and saline intrusion as well as man-induced environmental conditions including buried drums, underground storage tanks (USTs), landfill boundaries and conductive groundwater contamination. 1.1.4 The FDEM method utilizes the secondary magnetic field induced in the earth by a time-varying primary magnetic field to explore the subsurface. It measures the amplitude and phase of the induced field at various frequencies. FDEM instruments typically measure two components of the secondary magnetic field: a component in-phase with the primary field and a component 90° out-of-phase (quadrature component) with the primary field (Kearey and Brook 1991). Generally, the in-phase response is more sensitive to metallic items (either above or below the ground surface) while the quadrature response is more sensitive to geologic variations in the subsurface. However, both components are, to some degree, affected by both metallic and geologic features. FDEM measurements therefore are dependent on the electrical properties of the subsurface soil and rock or buried man-made objects as well as the orientation of any subsurface geological features or man-made objects. In many cases, the FDEM measurements can be used to identify the subsurface structure or object. This method is used only when it is expected that the subsurface soil or rock, man-made materials or geologic structure can be characterized by differences in electrical conductivity. 1.1.5 The FDEM method may be used instead of the Direct Current Resistivity method (Guide D6431) when surface soils are excessively insulating (for example, dry or frozen) or a layer of asphalt or plastic or other logistical constraints prevent electrode to soil contact. 1.2 Limitations: 1.2.1 This standard guide provides an overview of the FDEM method using coplanar coils at or near ground level and has been referred to by other names including Slingram, HLEM (horizontal loop electromagnetic) and Ground Conductivity methods. This guide does not address the details of the electromagnetic theory, field procedures or interpretation of the data. References are included that cover these aspects in greater detail and are considered an essential part of this guide (Grant and West, 1965; Wait, 1982; Kearey and Brook, 1991; Milsom, 1996; Ward, 1990). It is recommended that the user of the FDEM method review the relevant material pertaining to their particular application. ASTM standards that should also be consulted include Guide D420, Terminology D653, Guide D5730, Guide D5753, Practice D6235, Guide D6429, and Guide D6431. 1.2.2 This guide is limited to frequency domain instruments using a coplanar orientation of the transmitting and receiving coils in either the horizontal dipole (HD) mode with coils vertical, or the vertical dipole (VD) mode with coils horizontal (Fig. 2). It does not include coaxial or asymmetrical coil orientations, which are sometimes used for special applications (Grant and West 1965). 1.2.3 This guide is limited to the use of frequency domain instruments in which the ratio of the induced secondary magnetic field to the primary magnetic field is directly proportional to the ground’s bulk or apparent conductivity (see 5.1.4). Instruments that give a direct measurement of the apparent ground conductivity are commonly referred to as Ground Conductivity Meters (GCMs) that are designed to operate within the “low induction number approximation.” Multifrequency instruments operating within and outside the low induction number approximation provide the ratio of the 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface Characterization. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6639 – 01(2008), which was withdrawn January 2017 and reinstated February 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ D6639-18. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 secondary to primary magnetic field, which can be used to calculate the ground conductivity. 1.2.4 The FDEM (inductive) method has been adapted for a number of special uses within a borehole, on water, or airborne. Discussions of these adaptations or methods are not included in this guide. 1.2.5 The approaches suggested in this guide for the frequency domain method are the most commonly used, widely accepted and proven; however other lesser-known or specialized techniques may be substituted if technically sound and documented. 1.2.6 Technical limitations and cultural interferences that restrict or limit the use of the frequency domain method are discussed in section 5.4. 1.2.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience, and professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. 1.4 Precautions: 1.4.1 If the method is used at sites with hazardous materials, operations, or equipment, it is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulations prior to use. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the FIG. 1 Principles of Electromagnetic Induction in Ground Conductivity Measurements (Sheriff, 1989) FIG. 2 Relative Response of Horizontal and Vertical Dipole Coil Orientations (McNeill, 1980) D6639 − 18 2 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Guide for Using the Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method for Subsurface Site Characterizations

EN ISO 14688-2:2018 土工调查和试验.土壤的识别和分类.第2部分:分类总则

Geotechnical investigation and testing ? Identification and classification of soil ? Part 2: Principles for a classification

ASTM D5753-18 岩土钻孔地球物理测井规划和实施的标准指南

1.1 Purpose and Application: 1.1.1 This guide covers the documentation and general procedures necessary to plan and conduct a geophysical borehole logging program as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, groundwater, and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) site characterizations. 1.1.2 This guide applies to commonly used logging methods (see Tables 1 and 2) for geotechnical site characterizations. 1.1.3 This guide provides an overview of the following: (1) the uses of single borehole geophysical methods, (2) general logging procedures, (3) documentation, (4) calibration, and (5) factors that can affect the quality of borehole geophysical logs and their subsequent interpretation. Log interpretation is very important, but specific methods are too diverse to be described in this guide. 1.1.4 Logging procedures must be adapted to meet the needs of a wide range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed. 1.1.5 To obtain detailed information on operating methods, publications (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)2 should be consulted. A limited amount of tutorial information is provided, but other publications listed herein, including a glossar y of terms and general texts on the subject, should be consulted for more complete background information. 1.2 Limitations: 1.2.1 This guide is not meant to describe the specific or standard procedures for running each type of geophysical log, and is limited to measurements in a single borehole. 1.2.2 Surface or shallow-depth nuclear gages for measuring water content or soil density (that is, those typically thought of as construction quality assurance devices), measurements while drilling (MWD), cone penetrometer tests, and logging for petroleum or minerals are excluded. 1.2.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.3 Precautions: 1.3.1 If the method is used at sites with hazardous materials, operations, or equipment, it is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and to determine the applicability of regulations prior to use. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface Characterization. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5753–05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5753-18. 2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 TABLE 1 Common Geophysical Logs Type of Log (References) Varieties and Related Techniques Properties Measured Required Hole Conditions Other Limitations Typical Measuring Units and Calibration or Standardization Brief Probe Description Spontaneous potential (7, 8, 12) differential electric potential caused by salinity differences in borehole and interstitial fluids, streaming potentials uncased hole filled with conductive fluid salinity difference needed between borehole fluid and interstitial fluids; needs correction for other than NaCl fluids mV; calibrated power supply records natural voltages between electrode in well and another at surface Single-point resistance (7) conventional, differential resistance of rock, saturating fluid, and borehole fluid uncased hole filled with conductive fluid not quantitative; hole diameter effects are significant Ω; V-Ω meter constant current applied across lead electrode in well and another at surface of well Multi-electrode resistivity (7, 8, 13) various normal focused, guard, lateral arrays resistivity and saturating fluids uncased hole filled with conductive fluid reverses or provides incorrect values and thickness in thin beds Ω-m; resistors across electrodes current and potential electrodes in probe Induction (10, 11) various coil spacings conductivity or resistivity of rock and saturating fluids uncased hole or nonconductive casing; air or fluid filled not suitable for high resistivities mS or Ω-m; standard dry air zero check or conductive ring transmitting coil(s) induce eddy currents in formation; receiving coil(s) measures induced voltage from secondary magnetic field Gamma (5, 7, 22) gamma spectral (44) gamma radiation from natural or artificial radioisotopes any hole conditions may be problem with very large hole, or several strings of casing and cement pulses per second or API units; gamma source scintillation crystal and photomultiplier tube measure gamma radiation Gamma-gamma (23, 24) compensated (dual detector) electron density optimum results in uncased hole; can be calibrated for casing severe hole-diameter effects; difficulty measuring formation density through casing or drill stem gs/cm3 ; Al, Mg, or Lucite blocks scintillation crystal(s) shielded from radioactive source measure Compton scattered gamma Neutron (7, 14, 25) epithermal, thermal, compensated sidewall, activation, pulsed hydrogen content optimum results in uncased hole; can be calibrated for casing hole diameter and chemical effects pulses/s or API units; calibration pit or plastic sleeve crystal(s) or gas-filled tube(s) shielded from radioactive neutron source Acoustic velocity (5, 26, 27) compensated, waveform, cement bond compressional wave velocity or transit time, or compressional wave amplitude fluid filled, uncased, except cement bond does not detect secondary porosity; cement bond and wave form require expert analysis velocity units, for example, ft/s or m/s or µs/ft; steel pipe 1 or more transmitters and 2 or more receivers Acoustic televiewer (28, 7) acoustic caliper acoustic reflectivity of borehole wall fluid filled, 3 to 16-in. diameter; problems in deviated holes heavy mud or mud cake attenuate signal; slow logging speed oriented image, 3 axismagnetometer , 3 axis-accelerometer rotating transducer sends and receives high-frequency pulses Optical televiewer (28, 7) optical reflectivity of borehole wall air or clear water filled, uncased 3 to 16-in. diameter; possible problems in highly deviated holes cannot use in mud, slow logging speed oriented image, 3 axismagnetometer , 3 axis-accelerometer digital camera with hyperboloidal mirror images unwrapped borehole wall Borehole video axial or side view (radial), discontinuities, voids visual image on tape air or clean water; clean borehole wall may need special cable NAA video camera and light source Caliper (29, 7) oriented, 4-arm highresolution, x-y or maxmin bow spring borehole or casing diameter, borehole breakouts any conditions deviated holes limit some types; significant resolution difference between tools distance units, for example, in.; jig with holes or rings 1 to 4 retractable arms contact borehole wall Temperature (30, 31, 32) differential temperature of fluid near sensor fluid filled large variation in accuracy and resolution of tools °C or °F; ice bath or constant temperature bath thermistor or solidstate sensor Fluid conductivity (7) fluid resistivity most measure resistivity of fluid in hole fluid filled accuracy varies, requires temperature correction µS/cm or Ω-m; conductivity cell ring electrodes in a tube Flow (12, 33, 7) impellers, heat pulse vertical velocity of fluid column fluid filled impellers require higher velocities. Needs to be centralized. velocity units, for example, ft/min; lab flow column or log in casing rotating impellers; thermistors detect heated water; other sensors measure tagged fluid. Deviation (4, 7, 47) magnetic, gyroscopic, or mechanical horizontal and vertical displacement of borehole any conditions (see limitations) magnetic methods orientation not valid in steel casing degrees and depth units; orientation and inclination must be checked various techniques to measure inclination and bearing of borehole A NA = not applicable. D5753 − 18 2 TABLE 2 Log Selection Chart for Geotechnical Applications Using Common Geophysical Borehole LogsA D5753 − 18 3 2. Referenced Documents

Standard Guide for Planning and Conducting Geotechnical Borehole Geophysical Logging

ASTM D420-18 工程设计和施工目的的场地表征标准指南

1.1 This guide refers to ASTM methods to perform site characterization for engineering, design, and construction purposes. The objective of the site characterization should be to identify and locate, both horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock types and groundwater conditions present within a given site area and to establish the characteristics of the subsurface materials by sampling or in situ testing, or both. 1.2 Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and groundwater samples is specified by other ASTM standards not listed herein. Subsurface exploration for environmental purposes is also outside the scope of this guide. 1.3 Prior to commencement of the site characterization the site should be checked for potentially hazardous or otherwise contaminated materials or cultural/archeological conditions. If evidence of unknown potentially hazardous or otherwise contaminated materials or conditions are encountered in the course of the site characterization, work shall be interrupted until the circumstances have been evaluated and revised instructions issued. 1.3.1 In addition the location and nature of underground and overhead utilities should be identified to ensure that there is no impact to the proposed site characterization. Impacts may include but are not limited to interference with geophysical methods, damaging utilities, creating an unsafe work condition, and limiting accessibility for exploratory equipment. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Inch-pound units are provided in brackets for convenience. 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word“ Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface Characterization. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally published as D420 – 65T. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D420 – 93(2003), which was withdrawn January 2012 and reinstated February 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D0420_D0420M-18. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.8 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes

ASTM C1242-18 石材连接系统尺寸的选择、设计和安装的标准指南

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems

ASTM D4404-18 用汞侵入孔隙率测定法测定土壤和岩石的孔隙体积和孔隙体积分布的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore volume and the pore volume distributions of soil and rock by the mercury intrusion porosimetry method. The range of apparent diameters of pores for which this test method is applicable is fixed by the operating pressure range of the testing instrument. This range is typically between apparent pore entrance diameters of about 400 µm and 2.5 nm (0.0025 µm). Larger pores must be measured by another method. 1.2 Mercury intrusion porosimetry is useful only for measuring pores open to the outside of a soil or rock fragment; mercury intrusion porosimetry will not give the volume of any pores completely enclosed by surrounding solids. This test method will give only the volume of intrudable pores that have an apparent diameter corresponding to a pressure within the pressurizing range of the testing instrument. 1.3 Mercury intrusion may involve the application of high pressures to the specimen. This may result in a temporary or permanent alteration or both in the pore geometry. Generally, soils and rocks are composed of comparatively strong solids and are less subject to these alterations than certain other materials. However, the possibility remains that the use of this test method may alter the natural pore volume distribution that is being measured. 1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercurycontaining products or both into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI, such as cgs, shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Pore Volume and Pore Volume Distribution of Soil and Rock by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry

BS EN ISO 22476-10:2017 岩土工程勘察和测试 现场测试-测重测试

1   Scope This document specifies the equipment, execution and reporting requirements of the weight sounding test. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the weight sounding test as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997‑1 and EN 1997‑2. This document specifies the procedure for conducting a test with the weight sounding device in natural soils, made ground, and fill either on land or on water. This document is applicable to the determination of the resistance of soil to the static load or the static load and the specified turning of the sounding point. This document gives guidelines for the use of the weight sounding test to give a continuous soil profile and an indication of the layer sequence. The use includes the estimation of the density of cohesionless soils and the depth to very dense ground layers indicating the length of end-bearing piles.

Geotechnical Investigation and testing. Field testing - Weight sounding test

T/BSTAUM 002-2018 城市综合管廊运行维护技术规程

  1总则　  2术语　  3基本规定　   4 入廊管线运行维护　 　  5管廊结构检查维护　  6 附属设施运行维护　 7安全运行及应急管理　 8其他要求　 附录A管廊结构运行维护项目及周期　33 附录B 附属设施运行维护项目和周期　35

Techincal specification for operation and maintenance of Utility tunnel

ASTM D8169/D8169M-18 在双向静态轴向压缩载荷下深基础的标准测试方法

1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial displacement of a single, deep foundation element when loaded in bi-directional static axial compression using an embedded bi-directional jack assembly. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as “piles,” which function in a manner similar to driven piles, cast in place piles, or barrettes, regardless of their method of installation. The test results may not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation. 1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under bi-directional static axial compressive load. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in charge of the foundation design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard. 1.3 This standard provides the following test procedures: Procedure A Quick Test 9.2.1 Procedure B Extended Test (optional) 9.2.2 1.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions. 1.5 The engineer may use the results obtained from the test procedures in this standard to predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles used in the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results. 1.6 A qualified engineer (specialty engineer, not to be confused with the foundation engineer as defined above) shall design and approve the load test configuration and test procedures. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. This standard also includes illustrations and appendixes intended only for explanatory or advisory use. 1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inchpound units (presented in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. 1.8 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved. 1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.10 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep Foundations. Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ D8169_D8169M-18. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Bi-Directional Static Axial Compressive Load

ASTM D7762-18e1 用自胶结粉煤灰稳定土壤和类土壤材料的设计标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for the design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials using self-cementing coal fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification D5239. 1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime. 1.3 The test methods in this practice are applicable to the characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. Follow Practice D75/D75M for sampling purposes. There are other related fly ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and related design and construction considerations. 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash

ASTM D7762-18 用自粘固飞灰设计稳定土壤和类似土壤的材料的标准实践

1.1 This practice covers procedures for the design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials using self-cementing coal fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification D5239. 1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime. 1.3 The test methods in this practice are applicable to the characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. Follow Practice D75 for sampling purposes. There are other related fly ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and related design and construction considerations. 1.4 The standard units are the SI units, unless other units are specified. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash

ASTM D2487-17 工程用土壤分类的标准实施规程（统一土壤分类系统）

1.1 This practice describes a system for classifying mineral and organo-mineral soils for engineering purposes based on laboratory determination of particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index and shall be used when precise classification is required. NOTE 1—Use of this standard will result in a single classification group symbol and group name except when a soil contains 5 to 12 % fines or when the plot of the liquid limit and plasticity index values falls into the crosshatched area of the plasticity chart. In these two cases, a dual symbol is used, for example, GP-GM, CL-ML. When the laboratory test results indicate that the soil is close to another soil classification group, the borderline condition can be indicated with two symbols separated by a slash. The first symbol should be the one based on this standard, for example, CL/CH, GM/SM, SC/CL. Borderline symbols are particularly useful when the liquid limit value of clayey soils is close to 50. These soils can have expansive characteristics and the use of a borderline symbol (CL/CH, CH/CL) will alert the user of the assigned classifications of expansive potential. 1.2 The group symbol portion of this system is based on laboratory tests performed on the portion of a soil sample passing the 3-in. (75-mm) sieve (see Specification E11). 1.3 As a classification system, this standard is limited to naturally occurring soils. NOTE 2—The group names and symbols used in this test method may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. See Appendix X2. 1.4 This standard is for qualitative application only. NOTE 3—When quantitative information is required for detailed designs of important structures, this test method must be supplemented by laboratory tests or other quantitative data to determine performance characteristics under expected field conditions. 1.5 This standard is the ASTM version of the Unified Soil Classification System. The basis for the classification scheme is the Airfield Classification System developed by A. Casagrande in the early 1940s.2 It became known as the Unified Soil Classification System when several U.S. Government Agencies adopted a modified version of the Airfield System in 1952. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

ASTM D2487-17e1 工程用土壤分类的标准实施规程（统一土壤分类系统）

1.1 This practice describes a system for classifying mineral and organo-mineral soils for engineering purposes based on laboratory determination of particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index and shall be used when precise classification is required. NOTE 1—Use of this standard will result in a single classification group symbol and group name except when a soil contains 5 to 12 % fines or when the plot of the liquid limit and plasticity index values falls into the crosshatched area of the plasticity chart. In these two cases, a dual symbol is used, for example, GP-GM, CL-ML. When the laboratory test results indicate that the soil is close to another soil classification group, the borderline condition can be indicated with two symbols separated by a slash. The first symbol should be the one based on this standard, for example, CL/CH, GM/SM, SC/CL. Borderline symbols are particularly useful when the liquid limit value of clayey soils is close to 50. These soils can have expansive characteristics and the use of a borderline symbol (CL/CH, CH/CL) will alert the user of the assigned classifications of expansive potential. 1.2 The group symbol portion of this system is based on laboratory tests performed on the portion of a soil sample passing the 3-in. (75-mm) sieve (see Specification E11). 1.3 As a classification system, this standard is limited to naturally occurring soils. NOTE 2—The group names and symbols used in this test method may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. See Appendix X2. 1.4 This standard is for qualitative application only. NOTE 3—When quantitative information is required for detailed designs of important structures, this test method must be supplemented by laboratory tests or other quantitative data to determine performance characteristics under expected field conditions. 1.5 This standard is the ASTM version of the Unified Soil Classification System. The basis for the classification scheme is the Airfield Classification System developed by A. Casagrande in the early 1940s.2 It became known as the Unified Soil Classification System when several U.S. Government Agencies adopted a modified version of the Airfield System in 1952. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

DB11/ 1505-2017 城市综合管廊工程设计规范

Code for design of urban comprehensive pipe corridor engineering