B11 土壤、水土保持 标准查询与下载

NF X31-228-1:2009 土质.土质和化学物质特性效应的测定用回避试验.地1部分:蚯蚓试验(赤子爱胜蚓Eisenia fetida和安德爱胜蚓Eisenia andrei)

Soil quality - Avoidance test for determining the quality of soils and effects of chemicals on behaviour - Part 1 : test with earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei).

NF X31-010:2009 土质.区域土壤说明

Soil quality - Field soil description.

ASTM E2686-09 应用农药乳油(EC)模拟土壤影响测定挥发性有机化合物(VOC)溶剂吸收/利用的标准试验方法

This test method is designed specifically for emulsions of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates. This test method provides information on the absorption/adsorption of solvents by simulated organic soil and inorganic soil impacted by pesticide EC emulsion applications. The amount of solvent lost by volatilization at 40ºC as determined by this method is an indirect measure of the atmospheric availability of the solvent to potentially react with nitrogen oxides to form tropospheric ozone, a major air pollutant.1.1 This test method simulates the application of an emulsion of a pesticide emulsifiable concentrate (EC) to soil with high organic matter (corn cob granules) and to soil with high inorganic matter (clay granules) and determines the amount of solvent retained by the granules, and withheld from the atmosphere, before and after exposure to 40ºC in a vented oven. The granules simulate two extremes of soil composition, and the 40ºC exposure simulates high temperature weathering. Solvent loss from organic substrates other than corn cob may also be determined by repeating the 40°C exposure tests with the chosen substrate replacing corn cob. The results with corn cob, however, are a reference that must be reported with the alternate substrate results. The difference in solvent content of the granules before and after weathering is an indication of the emission of the solvent from soil impacted by emulsions or solutions during pesticide applications using common practices such as spraying and drip irrigating. Analysis of the granules for solvent content is by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), or other methods tested and proven to be accurate and reproducible. Note 18212;Since it evaluates soil surface sorption, this test method will underestimate soil sorption from pesticide applications made below the soil surface. Sub-soil surface treatments may include, but are not limited to, mechanical soil injection and soil incorporation applications. In these cases, the increased depth of the sub-soil treatments reduce the soil surface exposure and facilitate increased levels of soil sorption. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Solvents Absorbed/Adsorbed By Simulated Soil Impacted by Pesticide Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Applications

ASTM G200-09 土壤氧化还原电位(ORP)测量的标准试验方法

Soil ORP, in conjunction with other soil characteristics such as electrical resistivity (see Test Methods G 57 and G 187), is used to predict corrosion tendencies of buried metallic structures (for example, pipelines and culverts. The ORP of the soil is one of many factors that influence structure service life. Its measurement is used in the design of new buried structures and in the evaluation of existing buried structures. Soil ORP is a time-sensitive measurement. For an accurate indication of soil corrosivity, the measurement should be made as soon as practicable after removal of the soil sample from the ground. The user of this test method is responsible for determining the significance of reported ORP measurements. ORP alone should typically not be used in characterizing the corrosivity of a particular soil. ORP measurements are appropriate when evaluating oxygen related reactions. ORP measurements can sometimes be quite variable and non-reproducible. This is related, in part, to the general heterogeneity of a given soil. It is also related to the introduction of increased oxygen into the sample after extraction. The interpretation of soil ORP should be considered in terms of its general range rather than as an absolute measurement. ORP measurements can be used to determine if a particular soil has the propensity to support microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) attack. These measurements can also be used to provide an indication of whether soil conditions will be aerobic or anaerobic. Appendix X1 provides reference guidelines for general interpretation of ORP data.1.1 This test method covers a procedure and related test equipment for measuring oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of soil samples removed from the ground. 1.2 The procedure in Section 9 is appropriate for field and laboratory measurements. 1.3 Accurate measurement of oxidation-reduction potential aids in the analysis of soil corrosivity and its impact on buried metallic structure corrosion rates. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of Soil

ASTM D1557-09 用修正作用力56000 ft-Ibf/ft(2700 KN-m/m3)测量土壤实验室压实特性的标准试验方法

Soil placed as engineering fill (embankments, foundation pads, road bases) is compacted to a dense state to obtain satisfactory engineering properties such as shear strength, compressibility, or permeability. In addition, foundation soils are often compacted to improve their engineering properties. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for determining the percent compaction and molding water content needed to achieve the required engineering properties, and for controlling construction to assure that the required compaction and water contents are achieved. Note 38212;The degree of soil compaction required to achieve the desired engineering properties is often specified as a percentage of the modified maximum dry unit weight as determined using this test method. If the required degree of compaction is substantially less than the modified maximum dry unit weight using this test method, it may be practicable for testing to be performed using Test Method D698 and to specify the degree of compaction as a percentage of the standard maximum dry unit weight. Since more energy is applied for compaction using this test method, the soil particles are more closely packed than when D698 is used. The general overall result is a higher maximum dry unit weight, lower optimum moisture content, greater shear strength, greater stiffness, lower compressibility, lower air voids, and decreased permeability. However, for highly compacted fine-grained soils, absorption of water may result in swelling, with reduced shear strength and increased compressibility, reducing the benefits of the increased effort used for compaction (2). Use of D698, on the other hand, allows compaction using less effort and generally at a higher optimum moisture content. The compacted soil may be less brittle, more flexible, more permeable, and less subject to effects of swelling and shrinking. In many applications, building or construction codes may direct which test method, D698 or this one, should be used when specifying the comparison of laboratory test results to the degree of compaction of the in-place soil in the field. During design of an engineered fill, testing performed to determine shear, consolidation, permeability, or other properties requires test specimens to be prepared by compacting the soil at a prescribed molding water content to obtain a predetermined unit weight. It is common practice to first determine the optimum water content (wopt) and maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) by means of a compaction test. Test specimens are compacted at a selected molding water content (w), either wet or dry of optimum (wopt) or at optimum (wopt), and at a selected dry unit weight related to a percentage of maximum dry unit weight (γdmax). The selection of molding water content (w), either wet or dry of optimum (wopt) or at optimum (wopt) and the dry unit weight (γdmax) may be based on past experience, or a range of values may be investigated to determine the necessary percent of compaction. Experience indicates that the methods outlined in 5.2 or the construction c..........

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (2,700 kN-m/m³))

ASTM D7263-09 实验室测定土壤样品的密度(单位重量)的标准试验方法

Dry density, as defined as “density of soil or rock” in Terminology D 653 and “bulk density” by soil scientists, can be used to convert the water fraction of soil from a mass basis to a volume basis and vise-versa. When particle density, that is, specific gravity (Test Methods D 854) is also known, dry density can be used to calculate porosity and void ratio (see Appendix X1). Dry density measurements are also useful for determining degree of soil compaction. Since moisture content is variable, moist soil density provides little useful information except to estimate the weight of soil per unit volume, for example, pounds per cubic yard, at the time of sampling. Since soil volume shrinks with drying of swelling soils, bulk density will vary with moisture content. Hence, the water content of the soil should be determined at the time of sampling. Densities (unit weights) of remolded/reconstituted specimens are commonly used to evaluate the degree of compaction of earthen fills, embankments, etc. Dry density values are usually used in conjunction with compaction curve values (Test Methods D 698 and D 1557). Density (unit weight) is one of the key components in determining the mass composition/phase relations of soil, see Appendix X1. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 These test methods describe two ways of determining the total/moist and dry densities (unit weights) of intact, disturbed, remolded, and reconstituted (compacted) soil specimens. Density (unit weight) as used in this standard means the same as “bulk density” of soil as defined by the Soil Science Society of America. Intact specimens may be obtained from thin-walled sampling tubes, block samples, or clods. Specimens that are remolded by dynamic or static compaction procedures may also be measured by these methods. These methods apply to soils that will retain their shape during the measurement process and may also apply to other materials such as soil-cement, soil-lime, soil-bentonite or solidified soil-bentonite-cement slurries. It is common for the density (unit weight) of specimens after removal from sampling tubes and compaction molds to be less than the value based on tube or mold volumes, or of in-situ conditions. This is due to the specimen swelling after removal of lateral pressures. 1.1.1 Method A covers the procedure for measuring the volume of wax coated specimens by determining the quantity of water displaced. 1.1.1.1 This method only applies to specimens in which the wax will not penetrate the outer surface of the specimen. 1.1.2 Method B covers the procedure by means of the direct measurement of the dimensions and mass of a specimen, usually one of cylindrical shape. Intact and reconstituted/remolded specimens may be tested by this method in conjunction with strength, permeability (air/water) and compressibility determinations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are......

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens

ASTM D6418-09 用一次性芯取样器取样和储存土壤分析挥发性有机化合物的标准实施规程

This practice is for use in collecting and storing 5- or 25-g soil samples for volatile organic analysis in a manner that minimizes loss of contaminants due to volatilization, or biodegradation, or both. The En Core sampler serves as both the sampling device and sample storage chamber. In performing the practice, the integrity of the soil sample structure is maintained during sample collection, storage, and transfer in the laboratory for analysis or preservation. During sample collection, storage, and transfer, there is very limited exposure of the sample to the atmosphere. Laboratory subsampling is not required when performing this practice. The sample is expelled directly from the coring body/storage chamber into the appropriate container for analysis or preservation without disrupting the integrity of the sample. Subsampling from the En Core device should not be performed to obtain smaller sample sizes for analysis. This practice specifies sample storage in the En Core sampler at 4 ± 2°C for up to 48 h; at –7 to –21°C for up to 14 days; or at 4 ± 2°C for up to 48 h followed by storage at –7 to –21°C for up to five days (see Appendix X1 and reports referenced in footnotes 4, 5, and 6 for information on the performance of the En Core sampler under these storage conditions). , , Storage of samples in the En Core sampler at 4 ± 2°C or –7 to –21°C for longer holding times than those listed above is an option, provided it can be shown that the longer storage time used does not influence the concentrations of the VOCs of interest in the samples, or that the data generated by analysis of the samples meet the DQOs (see Practice D 5792). This practice does not use methanol preservation or other chemical preservatives in the field. As a result, there are no problems associated with flammability hazards, shipping restrictions, or dilution of samples containing low volatile concentrations due to solvents being added to samples in the field. The En Core sampler is a single-use device. It should not be cleaned, or reused, or both. This practice cannot be used for sampling cemented material, consolidated material, or material having fragments coarse enough to interfere with proper coring techniques. FIG. 1 Components of the En Core Sampler FIG. 2 Reusable Attachments to the En Core Sampler1.1 This practice is intended for application to soils that may contain volatile waste constituents. 1.2 This practice provides a procedure for using the disposable En Core sampler to collect and store a soil sample for volatile organic analysis. 1.3 It is recommended that this standard be used in conjunction with Guide D 4547 and Guide D 4687. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It......

Standard Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Sampler for Sampling and Storing Soil for Volatile Organic Analysis

KS M ISO 20280:2008 土壤.电热或氢化法原子吸收光谱法测定王水土壤萃取物中的砷、锑和硒

이 표준은 KS I ISO 11466에 따라 수행하여 얻어진 왕수 추출액 중의 비소, 안티

Soil quality-Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium in aqua regia soil extracts with electrothermal or hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry

KS M ISO 21268-1:2008 土质.土壤和土壤材料连续化学和毒物学测试用浸出过程.第1部分:液固比为2L/kg干物质的批量试验

이 표준은 다음의 규정된 실험 조건, 특히 건조물질기준 고체/액체 2 L/kg에서 토양과

Soil quality－Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials－Part 1：Batch test using a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg dry matter

KS M ISO 21268-2:2008 土质.土壤和土壤材料连续化学和毒物学测试用浸出过程.第2部分:液固比为10L/kg干物质的批量试验

이 표준은 다음의 규정된 실험 조건, 특히 건조물질기준 고체/액체 10 L/kg에서 토양과

Soil quality－Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials－Part 2：Batch test using a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter

KS M ISO 23611-4:2008 土壤质量.土壤无脊椎动物的取样.第4部分:存在于土壤的线虫类的采样、提取和鉴定

이 표준은 대지 토양에서 자유롭게 서식하는 선충을 표본 채집하고 다루기 위한 방법들을 구체

Soil quality-Sampling of soil invertebrates-Part 4:Sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes

KS M ISO 21268-4:2008 土质.土壤和土壤材料连续化学和毒物学测试的.第4部分:pH值对初始渗出酸/碱性添加物的影响

이 표준은 물질의 특성이나 장단기 행동에 대한 정보를 얻기 위한 시험방법을 규정한다. 이

Soil quality－Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials－Part 4：Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition

KS M ISO 21268-3:2008 土质.土壤和土壤材料连续化学和毒物学测试用浸出过程.第3部分:上流过滤试验

이 표준은 토양과 토양물질로부터 무기 및 유기성분의 용출 행동을 정량하기 위한 시험을 규정

Soil quality－Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials－Part 3：Up-flow percolation test

ISO 22036:2008 土质.使用感应耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤萃取物中痕量元素

This International Standard describes the determination of trace elements in digests or extraction solutions from soil by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for 34 elements (see Table 1). This multi-element determination method is applicable to soil extracts obtained with aqua regia in accordance with ISO 11466, with DTPA in accordance with ISO 14870 or other weak extractants, or soil extracts for the determination of total element contents using the acid digestion method of ISO 14869-1 or the fusion method of ISO 14869-2. The choice of calibration method depends on the extractant and can be adapted to the extractant concentration.

Soil quality - Determination of trace elements in extracts of soil by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP - AES)

KS I ISO 11048:2008 土壤质量.水溶性硫酸盐和酸溶性硫酸盐的测定

이 표준은 공기건조 토양 및 토양과 유사한 물질에서 물과 산 추출액을 제조하는 방법에 대하

Soil quality－Determination of water-soluble and acid-soluble sulfate

KS I ISO 11466:2008 土壤质量.溶解于王水中的痕量元素的提取

이 표준은 KS M ISO 11464에 따라 준비되고 KS M ISO 10694에 따라 측

Soil quality-Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia

KS I ISO 14238:2008 土壤质量.生物检测法.土壤氮的矿化和硝化及化学品对其过程影响的测定

이 표준은 토양 미생물상에 의한 질소의 무기화와 질산화를 측정하기 위한 실험실 절차에 대하

Soil quality-Biological methods-Determination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes

KS I ISO 11268-1:2008 土壤质量.污染物对蚯蚓的影响.第1部分:利用人造土壤作用物测定剧烈毒性

이 표준은 인공토양배지에 시험물질을 혼합하고 살아 있는 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida

Soil quality-Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida)-Part 1:Determination of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate

KS I ISO 11261:2008 土壤质量.总氮的测定.改进的基氏定氮法

이 표준은 토양의 총질소(암모니아성 질소, 질산성 질소, 아질산성 질소, 유기 질소) 함량

Soil quality-Determination of total nitrogen-Modified Kjeldahl method

DIN ISO 23611-4:2008 土壤质量 土壤无脊椎动物的取样 第4部分 存在于土壤的线虫类的采样、提取和鉴定

This part of ISO 23611 specifies a method for sampling and handling free-living nematodes from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using them as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soi~ as a habitat for organisms). This part of ISO 23611 applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which nematodes occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 10381-1. This part of ISO 23611 is not applicable to aquatic nematodes because these nematodes do not pass through the filter. Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms, enchytraeids or collembolans are covered in other parts of ISO 23611, The nematodes that are characterized by the proposed procedure are all the free-living forms of nematodes found in soil, They include non-plant-feeding nematodes as well as ectoparasitic plant-feeding nematodes and free-living stage of endoparasitic nematodes. The quantification of obligate plant-feeding nematodes in roots requires specific methods. NOTE Basic information on the ecology of nematodes and their use as bio-indicafors can be found in the bibliography. This part of ISO23611 does not cover the pedological characterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 are more suitable for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.

Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 4: Sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes (ISO 23611-4:2007);English version of DIN ISO 23611-4:2008-11