B11 土壤、水土保持 标准查询与下载

BS ISO 18512:2008 土质.土壤样品长和短期储存指南

ISO 18512:2007 gives guidance on how to store and preserve soil samples for laboratory determinations and how to prepare them for analysis after storage. Special emphasis is given to maximum storage times as a function of different storage conditions.

Soil quality. Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples

BS DD ISO/TS 17924:2008 土质.土和土壤材料摄入物对人体影响的评估.土壤中金属的人体生物利用度评估用基于生理学的萃取法的应用和选择指南

Soil quality - Assessment of human exposure from ingestion of soil and soil material - Guidance on the application and selection of physiologically based extraction methods for the estimation of the human bioaccessibility/bioavailability of metals in soil

ISO 18772:2008 土壤质量.土壤和土壤原料连续化学和毒物学测试用浸出过程的指南

This International Standard provides guidance on the appropriate use of leaching tests on soil and soil materials, in order to determine the leaching behaviour in the framework of impact assessment, or for compliance and comparison purposes, including information on the following: - the choice of leaching tests, depending on the nature of the problem to be solved and the specific features of the different tests; - the interpretation of the test results; - the limitations of the tests. In this respect, it is important to keep in mind that leaching tests do not aim to simulate real field conditions, but are designed to address the contact between a solid and a liquid phase for different purposes that are described in this International Standard. This International Standard only concerns natural, contaminated and agricultural soils and soil materials. Questions relating to the leaching of wastes are not covered by this International Standard. It also does not cover the subject of bioavailability of contaminants to living organisms, which is covered by ISO 17402. Leaching tests are designed and used for characterisation of the source term. It may be possible to address transport aspects with leaching tests if some basic requirements are known (e.g. hydrodynamic), thus allowing the determination of key transport parameters (e.g. retardation factors, particle-facilitated transport, attenuation processes). In this International Standard, when the term “soil” is only quoted to simplify the writing, the broader term “soil and soil materials” shall be considered.

Soil quality - Guidance on leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soils and soil materials

NF X31-224-4:2008 土壤质量 土壤无脊椎动物的取样 第4部分 存在于土壤的线虫类的采样、提取和鉴定

Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 4 : sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes.

SL 419-2007 水土保持试验规程

本标准适用于水土保持试验站（所）的水土保持试验，也可供其他单位从事水土保持试验研究时参考。

Test specification of soil and water conservation

SL 190-2007 土壤侵蚀分类分级标准

本标准适用于全国土壤侵蚀的分类与分级。

Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion

GOST R 53091-2008 土壤质量.取样.第3部分:安全指南

Soil quality. Sampling. Part 3. Guidance on safety

GOST R 53217-2008 土壤质量.有机氯杀虫剂和多氯联苯含量的测定.具有电子捕获检测的气相色谱方法

Soil quality. Determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls content. Gaschromatographic method with electron capture detection

ASTM D4643-08 微波炉法测定土壤中含水量的标准试验方法

The water content of a soil is used throughout geotechnical engineering practice both in the laboratory and in the field. The use of Test Method D 2216 for water content determination can be time consuming and there are occasions when a more expedient method is desirable. The use of a microwave oven is one such method. The principal objection to the use of the microwave oven for water-content determination has been the possibility of overheating the soil, thereby yielding a water content higher than would be determined by Test Method D 2216. While not eliminating this possibility, the incremental drying procedure described in this test method will minimize its effects. Some microwave ovens have settings at less than full power, which can also be used to reduce overheating. The behavior of a soil, when subjected to microwave energy, is dependent on its mineralogical compositions, and as a result no one procedure is applicable for all types of soil. Therefore, the procedure recommended in this test method is meant to serve as a guide when using the microwave oven. This test method is best suited for minus No. 4 sized material. Larger size particles can be tested; however, care must be taken because of the increased chance of particle shattering. The use of this method may not be appropriate when highly accurate results are required, or the test using the data is extremely sensitive to moisture variations. Due to the localized high temperatures that the specimen is exposed to in microwave heating, the physical characteristics of the soil may be altered. Degregation of individual particles may occur, along with vaporization or chemical transition. It is therefore recommended that samples used in this test method not be used for other tests subsequent to drying. Note 18212;The quality of the results produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method outlines procedures for determining the water (moisture) content of soils by incrementally drying soil in a microwave oven. 1.2 This test method can be used as a substitute for Test Method D 2216 when more rapid results are desired to expedite other phases of testing and slightly less accurate results are acceptable. 1.3 When questions of accuracy between this test method and Test Method D 2216 arise, Test Method D 2216 shall be the referee method. 1.4 This test method is applicable for most soil types. For some soils, such as those containing significant amounts of halloysite, mica, montmorillonite, gypsum or other hydrated materials, highly organic soils, or soils in which the pore water contains dissolved solids (such as salt in the case of marine deposits), this test method may not yield reliable water content values. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this test method. 1.6 Refer to Practice D 6026 for guidance concerning the use of significant figures. This is especially important if the water content will be used to calculate other relationships such as moist mass to dry mass or vice versa, wet unit weight to dry unit weight or vice vers......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating

ASTM D7380-08 用5-lb (2.3 kg)动力触探仪在浅层测定土壤压实的标准试验方法

p>The test method is used to assess the compaction effort of compacted materials. The number of drops required to drive the cone a distance of 3.25 in. (83 mm) is used as a criterion to determine the pass or fail in terms of soil percent compaction. The device does not measure soil compaction directly and requires determining the correlation between the number of drops and percent compaction in similar soil of known percent compaction and water content. The number of drops is dependent on the soil water content. Calibration of the device should be performed at a water content equal to the water content expected in the field. There are other DCPs with different dimensions, hammer weights, cone sizes, and cone geometries. Different test methods exist for these devices (such as D 6951) and the correlations of the 5-lb DCP with soil percent compaction are unique to this device. The 5-lb DCP is a simple device, capable of being handled and operated by a single operator in field conditions. It is typically used as Quality Control (QC) of layer-by-layer compaction by construction crew in roadway pavement, backfill compaction in confined cuts and trenches, and utility pavement restoration work. Note 28212;The quality of results produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determination of the number of drops required for a dynamic cone penetrometer with a 5-lb (2.3-kg) drop hammer falling 20 in. (508 mm) to penetrate a certain depth in compacted backfill. 1.2 The device is used in the compaction verification of fine- and coarse-grained soils, granular materials, and weak stabilized or modified material used in subgrade, base layers, and backfill compaction in confined cuts and trenches at shallow depth. 1.3 The test method is not applicable to highly stabilized and cemented materials or granular materials containing a large percentage of aggregates greater than 1.5 in. (37 mm). 1.4 The method is dependent upon knowing the field water content and the user having performed calibration tests to determine cone penetration resistance of various compaction levels and water contents. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 18212;It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a force (lbf). This standard has been written using the gravitational system of units (lbf) when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the reading of density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as a nonconformance with this standard. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u......

Standard Test Method for Soil Compaction Determination at Shallow Depths Using 5-lb (2.3 kg) Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

ASTM D4943-08 用蜂蜡法对土壤收缩系数的标准试验方法

The term shrinkage limit, expressed as a moisture content in percent to the nearest whole number, represents the amount of water required just to fill all of the voids of a given cohesive soil at its minimum void ratio obtained by ovendrying. The shrinkage limit can be used to evaluate the shrinkage potential, crack development potential, and swell potential of earthwork involving cohesive soils. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the shrinkage limit of soils. 1.2 The data obtained using this test method may also be used to calculate shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage, and linear shrinkage. 1.3 This test method is applicable only for cohesive soils. 1.4 Since this test method is performed only on that portion of a soil which passes the No. 40 (425-μm) sieve, the relative consistency of this portion of the soil to the properties of the sample as a whole must be considered when using these procedures to evaluate the properties of a soil. 1.5 The shrinkage limit along with the liquid limit and plastic limit of soils are often collectively referred to as the Atterberg limits in recognition of their formation by Swedish soil scientist, A. Atterberg. These limits distinguish the boundaries of the several consistency states of cohesive soils. 1.6 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazards, see Section 7 and Note 4 and Note X1.1.

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method

ASTM D7382-08 用振动锤测定粒状土壤有效压实的最大干燥单位重量和含水量范围的试验方法

For many cohesionless, free-draining soils, the maximum dry unit weight is one of the key components in evaluating the state of compactness of a given soil mass that is either naturally occurring or is constructed (fill). Soil placed as an engineered fill is compacted to a dense state to obtain satisfactory engineering properties such as shear strength, compressibility, permeability, or combinations thereof. Also, foundation soils are often compacted to improve their engineering properties. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for determining the percent compaction and water content needed at the time of compaction to achieve the required engineering properties, and for controlling construction to assure that the required unit weights and water contents are achieved. It is generally recognized that percent compaction is a good indicator of the state of compactness of a given soil mass. However, the engineering properties, such as strength, compressibility, and permeability of a given soil, compacted by various methods to a given state of compactness can vary considerably. Therefore, considerable engineering judgment must be used in relating the engineering properties of soil to the state of compactness. Experience indicates that the construction control aspects discussed in 5.2 are extremely difficult to implement or yield erroneous results when dealing with certain soils. 5.4.1, 5.4.2, and 5.4.3 describe typical problem soils, the problems encountered when dealing with such soils, and possible solutions to these problems. Degradation8212;Soils containing particles that degrade during compaction are a problem, especially when more degradation occurs during laboratory compaction than field compaction, as is typical. Degradation typically occurs during the compaction of a granular-residual soil or aggregate. When degradation occurs, the maximum dry unit weight increases so that the laboratory maximum value is not representative of field conditions. Often, in these cases, the maximum dry unit weight is impossible to achieve in the field. One method to design and control the compaction of such soils is to use a test fill to determine the required degree of compaction and the method to obtain that compaction, followed by the use of a method specification to control the compaction. Components of a method specification typically contain the type and size of compaction equipment to be used, the lift thickness, and the number of passes. Note 48212;Success in executing the compaction control of an earthwork project, especially when a method specification is used, is highly dependent upon the quality and experience of the “contractor” and “inspector.” Gap Graded8212;Gap-graded soils (soils containing many large particles with limited small particles) are a problem because the compacted soil will have larger voids than usual. To handle these large voids, standard test methods (laboratory or field) typically have to be modified using engineering judgment. Gravelly Soils Possessing Low Angularity and High Percentage of Fines8212;Gravelly soils possessing low angularity and a high percentage of fines can lead to poor results for dry unit weight when using the wet/saturated method. However, when water contents at the time of compaction are near saturation with no free water, the dry unit weight achieved may result in a higher value than that from the dry method. Ultimately, during densification, the material may reach a saturated state. Therefore, for these soils, a water content of 1 o......

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight and Water Content Range for Effective Compaction of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer

ASTM D4829-08a 土壤的膨胀系数的标准试验方法

The expansion index, EI, provides an indication of swelling potential of a compacted soil. The EI test is not used to duplicate any particular field conditions such as soil density, water content, loading, in-place soil structure, or soil water chemistry. However, consistent test conditions are used in preparation of compacted specimens such that direct correlation of data can be made between organizations. Note 18212;Qualitative classification of potential expansion in a soil based on EI is provided in Table 1. Note 28212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. TABLE 1 Classification of Potential Expansion of Soils Using EI Expansion Index, EIPotential Expansion 0–20Very Low 21–50Low 51–90Medium 91–130High >130Very High1.1 This test method allows for determination of expansion potential of compacted soils when inundated with distilled water. 1.2 This test method provides a simple yet sensitive method for determination of expansion potential of compacted soils for practical engineering applications using an index parameter. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils

ASTM D7101-08 测定实验室规模条件下未植草轧制侵蚀防治产品(RECP)防止因雨水冲刷造成土壤流失的能力用标准索引试验方法

This index test method indicates a unvegetated RECP’s ability to reduce rainsplash-induced erosion under bench-scale conditions. This test method may also assist in identifying physical attributes of RECPs that contribute to their erosion-control performance. This test method is bench-scale and therefore, appropriate as an index test for initial indication of product performance, for general comparison of unvegetated RECP capabilities, and for product quality assurance/conformance testing. The results of this test are not indicative of an RECP’s actual field performance. Note 28212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspections/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This index test method establishes the guidelines, requirements and procedures for evaluating the ability of unvegetated rolled erosion control products (RECPs) to protect soils from simulated rainfall (rain splash) and minimal runoff induced erosion. The critical element of this protection is the ability of the unvegetated RECP to absorb the impact force of raindrops, thereby reducing soil particle loosening through “splash” mechanisms, and limiting the ability of runoff to carry the loosened soil particles. 1.2 This index test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and is not indicative of unvegetated RECP performance in conditions typically found in the field. Note 18212;The values obtained with this bench scale procedure are for initial performance indication, general product comparison and conformance purposes only. These values should not be used in estimating RECP soil protection in actual field use with such calculations as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) without verification from qualified, large-scale tests. 1.3 This index test is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values that are required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing unvegetated RECPs. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard. 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this index test method to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.

Standard Index Test Method for Determination of Unvegetated Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Ability to Protect Soil from Rain Splash and Associated Runoff Under Bench-Scale Conditions

ISO 18589-3:2007 环境辐射性的测量.土壤.第3部分:γ辐射放射性核素的测量

This part of ISO 18589 specifies the identification and the measurement of the activity in soils of a large number of gamma-emitting radionuclides using gamma spectrometry. This non-destructive method, applicable to large-volume samples (up to about 3 000 cm3), covers the determination in a single measurement of all the γ-emitters present for which the photon energy is between 5 keV and 3 MeV. This part of ISO 18589 can be applied by test laboratories performing routine radioactivity measurements as a majority of radionuclides is characterized by gamma-ray emission between 40 keV and 2 MeV. This part of ISO 18589 is suitable for the surveillance of the environment and the inspection of a site and allows, in case of accidents, a quick evaluation of gamma activity.

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 3: Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides

DIN ISO 23611-3:2007 土质.土壤无脊椎动物的取样.第3部分:线蚓的取样和土壤提取

This part of ISO 23611 specifies a method for sampling, handling and extracting enchytraeids from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bioindicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). Basic information on the ecology of enchytraeids and their use as bioindicators in the terrestrial environment are included in the Bibliography. This part of ISO 23611 applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which enchytraeids occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 10381-1. These details can vary according to the climatic/regional conditions of the site to be sampled and an overview on the determination of effects of pollutants on enchytraeids in field situations is given in Reference [6]. Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms or micro-arthropods are specified in ISO 23611-1 and ISO 23611-2. This part of ISO 23611 is not applicable for semi-terrestrial (i.e. living in or close to the pure water) soils and might be difficult to use under extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains). When sampling soil invertebrates, it is highly recommendable to characterize the site (e.g. concerning climate and land use). However, such a characterization is not covered by this part of ISO23611. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 are more suitable for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water holding capacity.

Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 3: Sampling and soil extraction of Enchytraeids (ISO 23611-3:2007) English version of DIN ISO 23611-3:2007-12

BS 3882:2007 表土规范和使用要求

This British Standard specifies requirements for topsoils (see 3.1) that are moved or traded. The standard is not intended (or appropriate) for the grading, classification or standardization of topsoil or subsoil that remains in situ. It describes multipurpose and also specific purpose topsoils. As the name implies, multipurpose topsoil is fit for the majority of needs. The standard includes specific purpose topsoils that have low fertility or are acidic or calcareous for the particular specialist needs where such topsoils are required. It also provides guidance on sampling and analysis to ensure compliance with the specifications given in the standard. NOTE When specifying multipurpose or specific purpose topsoil, suppliers, specifiers and users of topsoil should take into account the intended use of the site at which the topsoil is to be deployed so that the particular properties are fit for the intended planting.

Specification for topsoil and requirements for use

KS I ISO 23611-2:2007 土质.土壤无脊椎动物的抽样.第2部分:微型节肢动物的取样和萃取(弹尾目和蜱螨目)

이 규격은 생물지표(예를 들어 생물의 서식지로 토양의 질에 대한 분석)로써 사용하기 위한

Soil quality－Sampling of soil invertebrates－Part 2：Sampling and extraction of micro－arthropods(Collembola and Acarina)

KS I ISO 15952:2007 土壤质量.污染物对幼年陆生螺类的影响(庭园大蜗牛).第2部分:检测土壤污染其对生长的影响

이 규격은 토양에 서식하는 어린 달팽이(Helix aspersa aspersa M&

Soil quality－Effects of pollutants on juvenile land snails(Helicidae)－Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination

KS I ISO 18287:2007 土壤质量.多环芳香茎(PAH)的测定.有质谱检测的气相色谱法(GC-MS)

이 규격은 미국 환경보호국의 우선순위목록(EPA, 1982)에 따라 16개 다환방향족 탄화

Soil quality－Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)－ Gas chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection(GC－MS)