E24 天然气 标准查询与下载

DIN EN ISO 6326-5:1998 天燃气.硫化物的测定.第5部分:林格聂尔(lingener)燃烧法

Natural gas - Determination of sulfur compounds - Part 5: Lingener combustion method (ISO 6326-5:1989); German version EN ISO 6326-5:1997

BS ISO 12213-2:1998 天然气.压缩因数的计算.第2部分:使用摩尔成分分析法计算

This International Standard specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the mixture can exist only as a gas. This part of ISO 12213 specifies a method for the calculation of compression factors when the detailed composition of the gas by mole fractions is known, together with the relevant pressures and temperatures. The method is applicable to pipeline quality gases within the ranges of pressure p and temperature T at which transmission and distribution operations normally take place, with an uncertainty of about ±0.1 %. It can be applied, with greater uncertainty, to wider ranges of gas composition, pressure and temperature (see annex E). More detail concerning the scope and field of application of the method is given in part 1 of this International Standard.

Natural gas - Calculation of compression factors - Calculation using a molar composition analysis

NF X20-715:1998 天然气.抽样指南

NATURAL GAS. SAMPLING GUIDELINES.

ASTM D6350-98(2003) 通过原子荧光光谱学对天然气中汞的取样和分析的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to determine the total mercury concentration of a natural gas stream down to 0.001 μg/m3. It can be used to assess compliance with environmental regulations, predict possible damage to gas plant equipment, and monitor the efficiency of mercury removal beds. The preferred sampling method for mercury collection is on supported gold sorbent, which allows the element to be trapped and extracted from the interfering matrix of the gas. Thermal desorption of mercury is performed by raising the temperature of the trap by means of a nichrome wire coiled around it. Since AFS demonstrates lower detection limits approaching 0.1 pg, this test method avoids difficulties associated with prolonged sampling time. Saturation of the trap with interferants such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is avoided. Average sampling can range between 15 to 30 min, or less.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in natural gas streams down to 0.001 956;g/m3. It includes procedures to both obtaining a representative sample and the atomic fluorescence detection of the analyte. This procedure can be applied for both organic and inorganic mercury compounds.1.2 Both, inch-pound and SI (metric) units of measurement are used throughout this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Analysis in Natural Gas by Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM D6228-98 用气相色谱和火焰光度检测对天然气和气态燃料中含硫化合物测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides for the determination of individual volatile sulfur-containing compounds in gaseous fuels by gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric detection (FPD). The detection range for sulfur compounds is from 20 to 20 000 picograms (pg) of sulfur. This is equivalent to 0.02 to 20 mg/m3 or 0.014 to 14 ppmv of sulfur based upon the analysis fo a 1-mL sample. 1.2 This test method describes a GC-FPD method using a specific capillary GC column. Other GC-FPD methods, with differences in GC column and equipment setup and operation, may be used as alternative methods for sulfur compound analysis with different range and precision, provided that appropriate separation of the sulfur compounds of interest can be achieved. 1.3 This test method does not intend to identify all individual sulfur species. Total sulfur content of samples can be estimated from the total of the individual compounds determined. Unknown compounds are calculated as monosulfur-containing compounds. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection

ASTM D5954-98 用原子吸收光谱法对天燃气中汞进行取样和测量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in natural gas at concentrations down to 0.01 [mu]g/m . It includes separate procedures for both sampling and the atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of mercury. The procedure detects both inorganic and organic forms of mercury. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Measurement in Natural Gas by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D3588-98(2003) 气体燃料热值及比重和相对密度的计算

The heating value is a measure of the suitability of a pure gas or a gas mixture for use as a fuel; it indicates the amount of energy that can be obtained as heat by burning a unit of gas. For use as heating agents, the relative merits of gases from different sources and having different compositions can be compared readily on the basis of their heating values. Therefore, the heating value is used as a parameter for determining the price of gas in custody transfer. It is also an essential factor in calculating the efficiencies of energy conversion devices such as gas-fired turbines. The heating values of a gas depend not only upon the temperature and pressure, but also upon the degree of saturation with water vapor. However, some calorimetric methods for measuring heating values are based upon the gas being saturated with water at the specified conditions. The relative density (specific gravity) of a gas quantifies the density of the gas as compared with that of air under the same conditions.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating heating value, relative density, and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60176;F (15.6176;C)) for natural gas mixtures from compositional analysis. It applies to all common types of utility gaseous fuels, for example, dry natural gas, reformed gas, oil gas (both high and low Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, coke oven gas, and retort coal gas, for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels

ASTM D6350-98 通过原子荧光光谱学对天然气中汞的取样和分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total mercury in natural gas streams down to 0.001 ug/m3. It includes procedures to both obtaining a representative sample and the atomic fluorescence detection of the analyte. This procedure can be applied for both organic and inorganic mercury compounds. 1.2 Both, inch-pound and SI (metric) units of measurement are used throughout this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Analysis in Natural Gas by Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

ASTM D6273-98 天然气气味强度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for determining the odor intensity of natural gas through the use of instruments that dilute and mix the sampled natural gas with air. The mixed gas stream is then sniffed by the operator for the purpose of determining the threshold detection level or the readily detection level, or both, for odorant in the natural gas stream. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Natural Gas Odor Intensity

ASTM D3588-98 气体燃料热值及比重和相对密度的计算

1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating from compositional analyses, the following properties of natural gas mixtures: heating value, relative density and compressibility factor at base conditions (14.696 psia and 60176F). It is applicable to all common types of utility gaseous fuels (for example, dry natural gas, reformed gases, oil gas (both high- and low-Btu), propane-air, carbureted water gas, and coke oven and retort coal gas) for which suitable methods of analysis as described in Section 6 are available. Calculation procedures for other base conditions are given. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels

ASTM D5954-98(2006) 用原子吸收光谱法对天燃气中汞进行取样和测量的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to measure the level of mercury in natural gas streams for purposes such as determining compliance with regulations, studying the effect of various abatement procedures on mercury emissions, checking the validity of direct instrumental measurements, and verifying that mercury concentrations are below those required for natural gas processing and operation. Adsorption of the mercury on gold-coated beads can remove interferences associated with the direct measurement of mercury in natural gas. It preconcentrates the mercury before analysis thereby offering measurement of ultra-low average concentrations in a natural gas stream over a long span of time. It avoids the cumbersome use of liquid spargers with on-site sampling, and eliminates contamination problems associated with the use of potassium permanganate solutions.3 ,4 ,5 1.1 This test covers the determination of total mercury in natural gas at concentrations down to 1 ng/m3. It includes separate procedures for both sampling and atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of mercury. The procedure detects both inorganic and organic forms of mercury.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mercury Sampling and Measurement in Natural Gas by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D6228-98(2003) 用气相色谱和火焰光度检测对天然气和气态燃料中含硫化合物测定的标准试验方法

Many sources of natural gas and petroleum gases contain varying amounts and types of sulfur compounds, which are odorous, corrosive to equipment, and can inhibit or destroy catalysts used in gas processing. Their accurate measurement is essential to gas processing, operation, and utilization. Small amounts, typically, 1 to 4 ppmv of sulfur odorant compounds, are added to natural gas and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases for safety purposes. Some odorant compounds can be reactive and may be oxidized, forming more stable compounds having lower odor thresholds. These gaseous fuels are analyzed for sulfur odorants to help ensure appropriate odorant levels for safety. This test method offers a technique to determine individual sulfur species in gaseous fuel and the total sulfur content by calculation. Gas chromatography is used commonly and extensively to determine other components in gaseous fuels including fixed gas and organic components (see Test Method D 1945). This test method dictates the use of a specific GC technique with one of the more common detectors for measurement.1.1 This test method covers the determination of individual volatile sulfur-containing compounds in gaseous fuels by gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric detection (FPD). The detection range for sulfur compounds is from 20 to 20 000 picograms (pg) of sulfur. This is equivalent to 0.02 to 20 mg/m3 or 0.014 to 14 ppmv of sulfur based upon the analysis of a 1-mL sample.1.2 This test method describes a GC-FPD method using a specific capillary GC column. Other GC-FPD methods, with differences in GC column and equipment setup and operation, may be used as alternative methods for sulfur compound analysis with different range and precision, provided that appropriate separation of the sulfur compounds of interest can be achieved.1.3 This test method does not intend to identify all individual sulfur species. Total sulfur content of samples can be estimated from the total of the individual compounds determined. Unknown compounds are calculated as monosulfur-containing compounds.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection

ASTM D6273-98(2003) 天然气气味强度的标准试验方法

Federal regulations4 state: “A combustible gas in a distribution line must contain a natural odorant or be odorized so that at a concentration in air of one-fifth of the lower explosive limit, the gas is readily detectable by a person with a normal sense of smell.” These regulations state further that “each operator shall conduct periodic sampling of combustible gases to assure the proper concentration of odorant in accordance with this section.” Additionally, a number of states have enacted legislation that requires natural gas to be odorized so that it is detectable at concentrations less than one fifth of the lower explosive limit.5 While regulations do not specify the exact method for determining compliance, it has been documented that compliance testing must be olfactory in nature.6 These test methods cover procedures to measure the odor level of natural gas by way of olfactory determination. No direct correlation may be ascertained between these test methods and those methods available or under development that quantitatively measure the concentration of sulfur compounds in natural gas. These test methods outline general procedures to measure the odor detection levels of natural gas. It is the responsibility of persons using these test methods to develop and maintain equipment and specific operating procedures to ensure public safety and compliance with all appropriate regulations.1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for determining the odor intensity of natural gas through the use of instruments that dilute and mix the sampled natural gas with air. The mixed gas stream is then sniffed by the operator for the purpose of determining the threshold detection level or the readily detection level, or both, for odorant in the natural gas stream. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Natural Gas Odor Intensity

SY/T 7508-1997 油气田液化石油气中总硫的测定.氧化微库仑法

本标准规定了用氧化微库仑法测定油气田液化石油气中总硫含量的试验方法。 本标准适用于油气田液化石油气中总硫含量的测定，测定范围为1～400mg/m^(3)。

Liquefied petroleum gas of oil and gas field-determination of total sulfur.Oxidative microcoulombic method

SY/T 7507-1997 天然气中水含量的测定电解法

本标准规定了用电解法测定天然气中水含量的方法。 本标准适用于天然气中水含量体积分数(■)小于4000×10^(-6)时水分的测定，在无凝液和总硫含量小于500mg/m^(3)时，不干扰测定。

Determination of water in natural gas-Electrolytic method

BS EN ISO 10715:2001 天然气.取样指南

The purpose of this document is to provide concise guidelines for the collection, conditioning and handling of representative samples of processed natural gas streams. It also contains guidelines for sampling strategy, probe location and the handling and design of sampling equipment. It considers spot, composite (incremental) and continuous sampling systems. This document gives consideration to constituents such as oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the gas stream. This document does not include sampling of liquid streams or streams with multiphase flow. Traces of liquid, such as glycol and compressor oil, if present, are assumed to be intrusive and not a part of the gas to be sampled. Their removal is desirable to protect the sampling and analytical equipment from contamination. This document can be used for custody transfer measurement systems and allocation measurement systems.

Natural gas - Sampling guidelines

NF X20-524:1997 天然气.标准参考条件

Natural gas. Standard reference conditions.

NF X20-523:1997 天然气.扩展的分析.气相色谱法

Natural gas. Extended analysis. Gas-chromatographic method.

ISO 6976:1995/Cor 2:1997 天然气 热值、密度和相对密度及化合物沃泊指数的计算 技术勘误2

This standard is Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition; Technical Corrigendum 2

Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition; Technical Corrigendum 2

ISO 12213-1:1997 天然气 压缩因子的计算 第1部分:介绍和指南

This International Standard specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the mixture can exist only as a gas. The standard is in three parts: part 1 gives an introduction and provides guidelines for the methods of calculation described in parts 2 and 3. Part 2 gives a method for use where the detailed molar composition of the gas is known. Part 3 gives a method for use where a less detailed analysis, comprising superior calorific value (volumetric basis), relative density, carbon dioxide content and (if non-zero) hydrogen content, is available. Both methods are applicable to dry gases of pipeline quality within the range of conditions under which transmission and distribution, including metering for custody transfer or other accounting purposes, are normally carried out. In general, such operations take place at temperatures between about 263 K and 338 K (approximately - 10 ℃ to 65 ℃) and pressures not exceeding 12MPa (120 bar). Within this range, the uncertainty of prediction of both methods is about ±0.1 % provided that the input data, including the relevant pressure and temperature, have no uncertainty. NOTE — Pipeline quality gas is used in this International Standard as a concise term for gas which has been processed so as to be suitable for use as industrial, commercial or domestic fuel. Although there is no formal international agreement upon the composition and properties of a gas which complies with this concept, some quantitative guidance is provided in 5.1.1. A detailed gas quality specification is usually a matter for contractual arrangements between buyer and seller. The method given in part 2 is also applicable (with increased uncertainty) to broader categories of natural gas, including wet or sour gases, within a wider range of temperatures and to higher pressures, for example at reservoir or underground storage conditions or for vehicular (NGV) applications. The method given in part 3 is applicable to gases with a higher content of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or ethane than normally found in pipeline quality gas. The method may also be applied over wider ranges of temperature and pressure but with increased uncertainty. For the calculation methods described to be valid, the gas must be above its water and hydrocarbon dewpoints at the prescribed conditions. The standard gives all of the equations and numerical values needed to implement both methods. Verified computer programmes are available (see annex B).

Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor - Part 1: Introduction and guidelines