F12 太阳能 标准查询与下载

NF C57-346:2010 网格连接光伏系统.系统文件,试运行测试和检查的最低要求.

Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection.

IEC 62109-1:2010 光伏电力系统用电源转换器的安全性.第1部分:一般要求

This part of IEC 62109 applies to the power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems where a uniform technical level with respect to safety is necessary. This standard defines the minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of PCE for protection against electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards. This standard provides general requirements applicable to all types of PV PCE. There are additional parts of this standard that provide specific requirements for the different types of power converters, such as Part 2 - inverters. Additional parts may be published as new products and technologies are commercialised.

Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1: General requirements

DIN CLC/TS 61836:2010 太阳光伏能源系统.术语、定义和符号(IEC/TS 61836-2007).德文版本CLC/TS 61836-2009

This Technical Specification deals with the terms and symbols from national and international solar photovoltaic standards and relevant documents used within the field of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems.

Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols (IEC/TS 61836:2007); German version CLC/TS 61836:2009

DIN EN 50524:2010 太阳能转换器用数据表和商标.德文版本EN 50524-2009

This European Standard describes data sheet and name plate information for photovoltaic inverters in grid parallel operation. The intent of this document is to provide minimum information required to configure a safe and optimal system with photovoltaic inverters. In this context, data sheet information is a technical description separate from the photovoltaic inverter. The name plate is a sign of durable construction at or in the photovoltaic inverter. The name plate may be inside the photovoltaic inverter only if the name plate is visible once a door is opened in normal use.

Data sheet and name plate for photovoltaic inverters; German version EN 50524:2009

JGJ 203-2010 民用建筑太阳能光伏系统应用技术规范

本规范适用于新建、改建和扩建的民用建筑光伏系统工程,以及在既有民用建筑上安装或改造已安装的光伏系统工程的设计、安装和验收。

Technical code for application of solar photovoltaic system of civil buildings

BS EN 50524:2009 光伏逆变器用数据表和名牌

Data sheet and name plate for photovoltaic inverters

BS EN 60904-4:2009 光伏设备.参考太阳能设备.建立校准可追溯性程序

This part of IEC 60904 sets the requirements for calibration procedures intended to establish the traceability of photovoltaic reference solar devices to SI units as required by IEC 60904-2. This standard applies to photovoltaic (PV) reference solar devices that are used to measure the irradiance of natural or simulated sunlight for the purpose of quantifying the performance of PV devices. The use of a PV reference solar device is required in the application of IEC 60904-1 and IEC 60904-3. This standard has been written with single junction PV reference solar devices in mind, in particular crystalline Silicon. However, the main part of the standard is sufficiently general to include other technologies. The methods described in Annex A, however, are limited to single junction technologies.

Photovoltaic devices - Reference solar devices - Procedures for establishing calibration traceability

BS EN 62446:2009 网格连接光伏系统.系统文件、试运行测试和检查的最低要求

This International Standard defines the minimal information and documentation required to be handed over to a customer following the installation of a grid connected PV system. This standard also describes the minimum commissioning tests, inspection criteria and documentation expected to verify the safe installation and correct operation of the system. The document can also be used for periodic retesting. This standard is written for grid connected PV systems only and not for AC module systems or systems that utilize energy storage (e.g. batteries) or hybrid systems. NOTE It is expected that additional information and commissioning tests will be required in some circumstances, e.g. for large commercial installations. This standard is for use by system designers and installers of grid connected solar PV systems as a template to provide effective documentation to a customer. By detailing the expected minimum commissioning tests and inspection criteria, it is also intended to assist in the verification / inspection of a grid connected PV system after installation and for subsequent re-inspection, maintenance or modifications.

Grid connected photovoltaic systems - Minimum requirements for system documentation, commissioning tests and inspection

UL 1741-2010 与分布能源资源共同使用的逆变器、转换器、控制器和互连系统设备

Inverters, converters, controllers and interconnection system equipment for use with distributed energy resources

ASTM E973-10 光电装置和光电标准电池之间光谱错配参数测定的标准试验方法

The calculated error in the photovoltaic device current determined from the spectral mismatch parameter can be used to determine if a measurement will be within specified limits before the actual measurement is performed. The spectral mismatch parameter also provides a means of correcting the error in the measured device current due to spectral mismatch. The spectral mismatch parameter is formulated as the fractional error in the short-circuit current due to spectral differences. , Error due to spectral mismatch can be corrected by dividing the measured photovoltaic cell current by M, a procedure used in Test Methods E948 and E1036. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of a spectral mismatch parameter used in performance testing of photovoltaic devices. 1.2 The spectral mismatch parameter is a measure of the error, introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device, caused by mismatch between the spectral responses of the photovoltaic device and the photovoltaic reference cell, as well as mismatch between the test light source and the reference spectral irradiance distribution to which the photovoltaic reference cell was calibrated. Examples of reference spectral irradiance distributions are Tables E490 or G173. 1.3 The spectral mismatch parameter can be used to correct photovoltaic performance data for spectral mismatch error. 1.4 This test method is intended for use with linear photovoltaic devices. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Spectral Mismatch Parameter Between a Photovoltaic Device and a Photovoltaic Reference Cell

ASTM E927-10(2015) 大地光电测试用阳光模拟的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides means for classifying solar simulators intended for indoor testing of photovoltaic devices (solar cells or modules), according to their spectral match to a reference spectral irradiance, non-uniformity of spatial irradiance, and temporal instability of irradiance. 1.2 Testing of photovoltaic devices may require the use of solar simulators. Test Methods that require specific classification of simulators as defined in this specification include Test Methods E948, E1036, and E1362. 1.3 This standard is applicable to both pulsed and steady state simulators and includes recommended test requirements used for classifying such simulators. 1.4 A solar simulator usually consists of three major components: (1) light source(s) and associated power supply; (2) any optics and filters required to modify the output beam to meet the classification requirements in Section 4; and (3) the necessary controls to operate the simulator, adjust irradiance, etc. 1.5 A light source that does not meet all of the defined requirements for classification presented in this document may not be referred to as a solar simulator. 1.6 Spectral irradiance classifications are provided for Air Mass 1.5 direct and global (as defined in Tables G173), or Air Mass 0 (AM0, as defined in Standard E490). 1.7 The classification of a solar simulator is based on the size of the test plane; simulators with smaller test plane areas have tighter specifications for non-uniformity of spatial irradiance. 1.8 The data acquisition system may affect the ability to synchronize electrical measurements with variations in irradiance and therefore may be included in this specification. In all cases, the manufacturer must specify with the temporal instability classification: (1) how the classification was determined; and (2) the conditions under which the classification was determined. 1.9 The classification of a solar simulator does not provide any information about electrical measurement errors that are related to photovoltaic performance measurements obtained with a classified solar simulator. Such errors are dependent on the actual instrumentation and procedures used. 1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Solar Simulation for Photovoltaic Testing

ASTM E2047-10(2015) 光电阵列湿绝缘完整性试验的标准试验方法

5.1 The design of a PV module or system intended to provide safe conversion of the sun's radiant energy into useful electricity must take into consideration the possibility of hazard should the user come into contact with the electrical potential of the array. In addition, the insulation system provides a barrier to electrochemical corrosion, and insulation flaws can result in increased corrosion and reliability problems. This test method describes a procedure for verifying that the design and construction of the array provides adequate electrical isolation through normal installation and use. At no location on the array should the PV-generated electrical potential be accessible, with the obvious exception of the output leads. The isolation is necessary to provide for safe and reliable installation, use, and service of the PV system. 5.2 This test method describes a procedure for determining the ability of the array to provide protection from electrical hazards. Its primary use is to find insulation flaws that could be dangerous to persons who may come into contact with the array. Corrective action taken to address such flaws is beyond the scope of this test method. 5.3 This procedure may be specified as part of a series of acceptance tests involving performance measurements and demonstration of functional requirements. Large arrays can be tested in smaller segments. The size of the array segment to be tested (called “circuit under test” in this test method) is usually selected at a convenient break point and sized such that the expected resistance or current reading is within the middle third of the meter's range. 5.4 Insulation leakage resistance and insulation leakage current leakage are strong functions of array dimensions, ambient relative humidity, absorbed water vapor, and other factors. For this reason, it is the responsibility of the user of this test method to specify the minimum acceptable leakage resistance for this test. 5.4.1 Even though a numerical quantity is specified, actual results are often pass-fail in that when a flaw is found, the leakage current changes from almost nothing to the full scale value on the meter. 5.5 The user of this test method must specify the option used for connection to the array during the test. The short-circuited option requires a shorting device with leads to connect the positive and negative legs of the circuit under test. For larger systems, where the shorting device may have to be rated for high current and voltage levels, the open-circuited option may be preferred. The open-circuited option requires the user to correct readings to account for the PV-generated voltage, and the procedure for making such corrections is beyond the scope of this test method. The short-circuited option may be easier for small systems where the voltage and current levels are low and the distance between the plus and minus leads of the circuit under test are small. The short-circuited option minimizes the chance of exposing array components to voltage levels above those for which they are rated. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the insulation resistance of a photovoltaic (PV) array (or its component strings), that is, the electrical resistance between the array's inter......

Standard Test Method for Wet Insulation Integrity Testing of Photovoltaic Arrays

ASTM E2047-10 光电阵列湿绝缘完整性测试的标准试验方法

The design of a PV module or system intended to provide safe conversion of the sun's radiant energy into useful electricity must take into consideration the possibility of hazard should the user come into contact with the electrical potential of the array. In addition, the insulation system provides a barrier to electrochemical corrosion, and insulation flaws can result in increased corrosion and reliability problems. This test method describes a procedure for verifying that the design and construction of the array provides adequate electrical isolation through normal installation and use. At no location on the array should the PV-generated electrical potential be accessible, with the obvious exception of the output leads. The isolation is necessary to provide for safe and reliable installation, use, and service of the PV system. This test method describes a procedure for determining the ability of the array to provide protection from electrical hazards. Its primary use is to find insulation flaws that could be dangerous to persons who may come into contact with the array. Corrective action taken to address such flaws is beyond the scope of this test method. This procedure may be specified as part of a series of acceptance tests involving performance measurements and demonstration of functional requirements. Large arrays can be tested in smaller segments. The size of the array segment to be tested (called “circuit under test” in this test method) is usually selected at a convenient break point and sized such that the expected resistance or current reading is within the middle third of the meter's range. Insulation leakage resistance and insulation leakage current leakage are strong functions of array dimensions, ambient relative humidity, absorbed water vapor, and other factors. For this reason, it is the responsibility of the user of this test method to specify the minimum acceptable leakage resistance for this test. Even though a numerical quantity is specified, actual results are often pass-fail in that when a flaw is found, the leakage current changes from almost nothing to the full scale value on the meter. The user of this test method must specify the option used for connection to the array during the test. The short-circuited option requires a shorting device with leads to connect the positive and negative legs of the circuit under test. For larger systems, where the shorting device may have to be rated for high current and voltage levels, the open-circuited option may be preferred. The open-circuited option requires the user to correct readings to account for the PV-generated voltage, and the procedure for making such corrections is beyond the scope of this test method. The short-circuited option may be easier for small systems where the voltage and current levels are low and the distance between the plus and minus leads of the circuit under test are small. The short-circuited option minimizes the chance of exposing array components to voltage levels above those for which they are rated.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the insulation resistance of a photovoltaic (PV) array (or its component strings), that is, the electrical resistance between the array's internal electrical components and is exposed, electrically conductive, non-current carrying parts and surfaces of the array. 1.2 This test method does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is ......

Standard Test Method for Wet Insulation Integrity Testing of Photovoltaic Arrays

ASTM E1597-10 海洋环境用光电模块的盐水压力浸渍测试和温度测试的标准试验方法

The useful life of photovoltaic modules deployed in marine applications (such as floating aids-to-navigation) may depend on the ability to withstand repeated exposure to salt atmosphere, immersion in seawater, and the temperature changes associated with seawater splash falling on modules operating in sunlight. The effects of these exposures may be physical or electrical changes in the module, or both. This test method describes a procedure for positioning the test specimen, conducting a cyclical combined pressure, immersion, and temperature (PIT) test, and reporting the results. It also references methods for conducting module electrical performance and insulation integrity tests. Data generated by this test method may be used to evaluate and compare the effects of a simulated marine environment on test specimens. This test method requires recording of visible effects as well as electrical performance. Effects on modules may vary from none to significant changes. Some physical changes in the module may be visible when there are no apparent electrical changes in the module. Similarly, electrical changes may occur with no visible changes in the module.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the ability of photovoltaic modules to withstand repeated immersion or splash exposure by seawater as might be encountered when installed in a marine environment, such as a floating aid-to-navigation. A combined environmental cycling exposure with modules repeatedly submerged in simulated saltwater at varying temperatures and under repetitive pressurization provides an accelerated basis for evaluation of aging effects of a marine environment on module materials and construction. 1.2 This test method defines photovoltaic module test specimens and requirements for positioning modules for test, references suitable methods for determining changes in electrical performance and characteristics, and specifies parameters which must be recorded and reported. 1.3 This test method does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Saltwater Pressure Immersion and Temperature Testing of Photovoltaic Modules for Marine Environments

ASTM E1125-10(2015) 采用平面光谱法校准初级非浓缩器的地面光电参比电池的标准试验方法

5.1 The electrical output of a photovoltaic device is dependent on the spectral content of the illumination source, its intensity, and the device temperature. To make standardized, accurate measurements of the performance of photovoltaic devices under a variety of light sources, it is necessary to account for the error in the short-circuit current that occurs if the relative spectral response of the reference cell is not identical to the spectral response of the device to be tested. A similar error occurs if the spectral irradiance distribution of the test light source is not identical to the desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. These errors are accounted for by the spectral mismatch parameter (described in Test Method E973), a quantitative measure of the error in the short-circuit current measurement. It is the intent of this test method to provide a recognized procedure for calibrating, characterizing, and reporting the calibration data for primary photovoltaic reference cells using a tabular reference spectrum. 5.2 The calibration of a reference cell is specific to a particular spectral irradiance distribution. It is the responsibility of the user to specify the applicable irradiance distribution, for example Tables G173. This test method allows calibration with respect to any tabular spectrum. 5.3 A reference cell should be recalibrated at yearly intervals, or every six months if the cell is in continuous use outdoors. 5.4 Recommended physical characteristics of reference cells can be found in Specification E1040. 5.5 Because silicon solar cells made on p-type substrates are susceptible to a loss of Isc upon initial exposure to light, it is required that newly manufactured reference cells be light soaked at an irradiance level greater than 850 W/m2 for 2 h prior to initial characterization in Section 7. 1.1 This test method is intended to be used for calibration and characterization of primary terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells to a desired reference spectral irradiance distribution, such as Tables G173. The recommended physical requirements for these reference cells are described in Specification E1040. Reference cells are principally used in the determination of the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices. 1.2 Primary photovoltaic reference cells are calibrated in natural sunlight using the relative spectral response of the cell, the relative spectral distribution of the sunlight, and a tabulated reference spectral irradiance distribution. 1.3 This test method requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is calibrated according to Test Method E816, which requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). Therefore, reference cells calibrated according to this test method are traceable to t......

Standard Test Method for Calibration of Primary Non-Concentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Reference Cells Using a Tabular Spectrum

ASTM E1125-10 用表列光谱校准初级非集中大地光电标准电池的标准试验方法

The electrical output of a photovoltaic device is dependent on the spectral content of the illumination source, its intensity, and the device temperature. To make standardized, accurate measurements of the performance of photovoltaic devices under a variety of light sources, it is necessary to account for the error in the short-circuit current that occurs if the relative spectral response of the reference cell is not identical to the spectral response of the device to be tested. A similar error occurs if the spectral irradiance distribution of the test light source is not identical to the desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. These errors are accounted for by the spectral mismatch parameter (described in Test Method E973), a quantitative measure of the error in the short-circuit current measurement. It is the intent of this test method to provide a recognized procedure for calibrating, characterizing, and reporting the calibration data for primary photovoltaic reference cells using a tabular reference spectrum. The calibration of a reference cell is specific to a particular spectral irradiance distribution. It is the responsibility of the user to specify the applicable irradiance distribution, for example Tables G173. This test method allows calibration with respect to any tabular spectrum. A reference cell should be recalibrated at yearly intervals, or every six months if the cell is in continuous use outdoors. Recommended physical characteristics of reference cells can be found in Specification E1040. Because silicon solar cells made on p-type substrates are susceptible to a loss of Isc upon initial exposure to light, it is required that newly manufactured reference cells be light soaked at an irradiance level greater than 850 W/m2 for 2 h prior to initial characterization in Section 7.1.1 This test method is intended to be used for calibration and characterization of primary terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells to a desired reference spectral irradiance distribution, such as Tables G173. The recommended physical requirements for these reference cells are described in Specification E1040. Reference cells are principally used in the determination of the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices. 1.2 Primary photovoltaic reference cells are calibrated in natural sunlight using the relative spectral response of the cell, the relative spectral distribution of the sunlight, and a tabulated reference spectral irradiance distribution. 1.3 This test method requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is calibrated according to Test Method E816, which requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). Therefore, reference cells calibrated according to this test method are traceable to the WRR. 1.4 This test method is a technique that may be used instead of the procedures found in Test Method E1362. This test method offers convenience in its ability to characterize a reference cell under any spectrum for which tabulated data are available. The selection of the specific reference spectrum is left to the user. 1.5 This test method applies only to the calibra......

Standard Test Method for Calibration of Primary Non-Concentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Reference Cells Using a Tabular Spectrum

ANSI/ASHRAE 93-2010 太阳能集热器的热力性能测定的试验方法

This proposed revision would bring ASHRAE Standard 93 into agreement with ISO Standard 9806-1. The test procedure for performance remains the same as in previous editions, but additional methods for calculating performance efficiency from the recorded data have been added. Whereas performance was previously calculated based on gross area and inlet fluid temperature, in this revision three new methods of calculation are provided. Standard 93 provides a test procedure whereby solar energy collectors can be tested both indoors and outdoors.

Methods of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors

ASTM E1040-10 非集中大地光电标准电池物理特性的标准规范

1.1 This specification describes the physical requirements for primary and secondary terrestrial nonconcentrator photovoltaic reference cells. A reference cell is defined as a device that meets the requirements of this specification and is calibrated in accordance with Test Method E1125 or Test Method E1362. 1.2 Reference cells are used in the determination of the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices, as stated in Test Methods E948 and E1036. 1.3 Two reference cell physical specifications are described: 1.3.1 Small-Cell Package Design8212;A small, durable package with a low thermal mass, wide optical field-of-view, and standardized dimensions intended for photovoltaic devices up to 20 by 20 mm, and 1.3.2 Module-Package Design8212;A package intended to simulate the optical and thermal properties of a photovoltaic module design, but electric connections are made to only one photovoltaic cell in order to eliminate problems with calibrating series and parallel connections of cells. Physical dimensions are not standardized. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Physical Characteristics of Nonconcentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Reference Cells

ASTM E927-10 大地光电测试用阳光模拟的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides means for classifying solar simulators intended for indoor testing of photovoltaic devices (solar cells or modules), according to their spectral match to a reference spectral irradiance, non-uniformity of spatial irradiance, and temporal instability of irradiance. 1.2 Testing of photovoltaic devices may require the use of solar simulators. Test Methods that require specific classification of simulators as defined in this specification include Test Methods E948, E1036, and E1362. 1.3 This standard is applicable to both pulsed and steady state simulators and includes recommended test requirements used for classifying such simulators. 1.4 A solar simulator usually consists of three major components: (1) light source(s) and associated power supply; (2) any optics and filters required to modify the output beam to meet the classification requirements in Section 4; and (3) the necessary controls to operate the simulator, adjust irradiance, etc. 1.5 A light source that does not meet all of the defined requirements for classification presented in this document may not be referred to as a solar simulator. 1.6 Spectral irradiance classifications are provided for Air Mass 1.5 direct and global (as defined in Tables G173), or Air Mass 0 (AM0, as defined in Standard E490). 1.7 The classification of a solar simulator is based on the size of the test plane; simulators with smaller test plane areas have tighter specifications for non-uniformity of spatial irradiance. 1.8 The data acquisition system may affect the ability to synchronize electrical measurements with variations in irradiance and therefore may be included in this specification. In all cases, the manufacturer must specify with the temporal instability classification: (1) how the classification was determined; and (2) the conditions under which the classification was determined. 1.9 The classification of a solar simulator does not provide any information about electrical measurement errors that are related to photovoltaic performance measurements obtained with a classified solar simulator. Such errors are dependent on the actual instrumentation and procedures used. 1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.11 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the hazards portion, Section 6, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Specification for Solar Simulation for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Testing

KS C IEC 62108:2009 集中器光电(CPV)模块和组件.设计鉴定和型式认可

이 표준은 IEC 60721-2-1(Classification of environmenta

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies-Design qualification and type approval