H26 金属无损检验方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1316-11 无损检测标准术语

The terms found in this standard are intended to be used uniformly and consistently in all nondestructive testing standards. The purpose of this standard is to promote a clear understanding and interpretation of the NDT standards in which they are used.1.1 This standard defines the terminology used in the standards prepared by the E07 Committee on Nondestructive Testing. These nondestructive testing (NDT) methods include: acoustic emission, electromagnetic testing, gamma- and X-radiology, leak testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, neutron radiology and gauging, ultrasonic testing, and other technical methods. 1.2 Committee E07 recognizes that the terms examination, testing and inspection are commonly used as synonyms in nondestructive testing. For uniformity and consistency in E07 nondestructive testing standards, Committee E07 encourages the use of the term examination and its derivatives when describing the application of nondestructive test methods. There are, however, appropriate exceptions when the term test and its derivatives may be used to describe the application of a nondestructive test, such as measurements which produce a numeric result (for example, when using the leak testing method to perform a leak test on a component, or an ultrasonic measurement of velocity). Additionally, the term test should be used when referring to the NDT method, that is, Radiologic Testing (RT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT), and so forth. (Example: Radiologic Testing (RT) is often used to examine material to detect internal discontinuities.) 1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple NDT methods, whereas, the subsequent sections define terms pertaining to specific NDT methods. 1.4 As shown on the chart below, when nondestructive testing produces an indication, the indication is subject to interpretation as false, nonrelevant or relevant. If it has been interpreted as relevant, the necessary subsequent evaluation will result in the decision to accept or reject the material. With the exception of accept and reject, which retain the meaning found in most dictionaries, all the words used in the chart are defined in Section A.

Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations

ANSI/ASME BPVCSection V-2011 无损检测

Nondestructive Examination

ASTM E1444/E1444M-11 磁粉探伤检测标准操作规程

Description of Process8212;Magnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be examined, applying suitably prepared magnetic particles while the area is magnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any resulting particle accumulations. Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned on the surface and perpendicular to the magnetic flux. This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the magnetic particle testing method. This practice is written so that it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the examination personnel and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed written procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice.1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle testing used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic material. Guide E709 can be used in conjunction with this practice as a tutorial. Note 18212;This Practice replaces MIL-STD-1949. 1.2 The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the surface of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts. Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and alloys such as austenitic stainless steels. See Appendix X1 for additional information. 1.3 All areas of this Practice may be open to agreement between the Cognizant Engineering Organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the Cognizant Engineering Organization. 1.4 This standard is a combined standard, an ASTM standard in which rationalized SI units and inch-pound units are included in the same standard, with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard. 1.4.1 Units8212;The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing

ASTM E2465-11e1 用 X 射线光谱法分析镍基合金的标准试验方法

This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ni-Base Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E1001-11 用纵波的浸入式脉冲回波超声法探测并评估不连续性的标准操作规程

This practice provides guidelines for the application of immersed longitudinal wave examination to the detection and quantitative evaluation of discontinuities in materials. Although not all requirements of this practice can be applied universally to all examination situations and materials, it does provide a basis for establishing contractual criteria between suppliers and purchasers of materials for performing immersed pulse-echo examination, and may be used as a general guide for writing detailed specifications for particular applications. This practice is directed towards the evaluation of discontinuities detectable at normal beam incidence. If discontinuities at other orientations are of concern, alternate scanning techniques are required.1.1 This practice describes procedures for the ultrasonic examination of bulk materials or parts by transmitting pulsed, longitudinal waves through a liquid couplant into the material and observing the indications of reflected waves (see Fig. 1). It covers only examinations in which one search unit is used as both transmitter and receiver (pulse-echo) and in which the part or material being examined is coupled to the part by a liquid column or is totally submerged in the couplant (either method is considered to be immersion testing). This practice includes general requirements and procedures which may be used for detecting discontinuities and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities. 1.2 This practice replaces Practice E214 and provides more detailed procedures for the selection, standardization, and operation of an examination system and for evaluation of the indications obtained. 1.3 Units8212;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. FIG. 1 Basic Immersion Setup

Standard Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method Using Longitudinal Waves

ASTM E1961-11 通过使用带聚焦式探测装置的带状鉴别法对环形焊缝进行机械化超声波检查的标准操作规程

This practice is intended primarily for the mechanized ultrasonic examination of pipe girth welds used in the construction of gas and oil pipelines. This practice, with appropriate modifications due to changes in weld profile, may also be used to examine repaired welds. Manual techniques such as described in Practice E164 may also be used to examine production or repaired welds. This practice, with appropriate modifications, may also be used to examine other forms of butt welds including long seams. Techniques used are to be based on zonal discrimination whereby the weld is divided into approximately equal vertical examination sections (zones) each being assessed by a pair of ultrasonic search units. See Fig. 1 for typical zones. Thicknesses of material examined are normally 7 to 25 mm (0.28 to 1.00 in.) and pipe diameters 15 cm (6.0 in.) and greater but this standard may apply to other thicknesses and diameters if the techniques can be proven to provide the required zonal discrimination. Examination zones are typically 2 to 3 mm (0.08 to 0.12 in.) in height. For most applications this will require the use of contact focused search units to avoid interfering signals originating from off-axis geometric reflectors and to avoid excessive overlap with adjacent zones.1.1 This practice covers the requirements for mechanized ultrasonic examination of girth welds. Evaluation is based upon the results of mechanized ultrasonic examination. Acceptance criteria are based upon flaw limits defined by an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) or other accept/reject criteria defined by the Contracting Agency. 1.2 This practice shall be applicable to the development of an examination procedure agreed upon between the users of this practice. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Mechanized Ultrasonic Testing of Girth Welds Using Zonal Discrimination with Focused Search Units

ASTM E309-11 用磁饱和法做管状钢产品的涡流标准操作规程

The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the detection and location of discontinuities such as pits, voids, inclusions, cracks, or abrupt dimensional variations in ferromagnetic tubing using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. Furthermore, the relative severity of a discontinuity may be indicated, and a rejection level may be set with respect to the magnitude of the indication. The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different than that from artificial discontinuities such as drilled holes or notches. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to establish the sensitivity level and set-up required to detect natural discontinuities of consequence to the end use of the product. Eddy-current testing systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube. The extent of the end effect region can be determined in accordance with 8.6. Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the external surface increases, the response to deep-seated discontinuities decreases and some deep-seated discontinuities may give no detectable repsonse. Discontinuity orientation also affects the system response and should be taken into consideration when establishing the examination sensitivity. In preparing a reference standard for welded tubing, artificial discontinuities should be placed in both the weld metal and the parent metal when the responses are expected to be different and if both are to be examined. The apparatus is then adjusted to obtain an optimum signal-to-noise ratio. When examining only the weld area, the discontinuities shall be placed only in the weld area. The examination frequency and the type of apparatus being used should be considered when choosing the examining speed. Certain types of equipment are effective only over a given speed range; therefore, the examining speed should fall within this range. Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform over the full length of the tube may not always be detected with differential encircling coils or probes scanned along the tube length.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a concentrated, strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil. Note 18212;For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing. 1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current testing methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However, eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type of discontinuity. 1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately 1/4 to 10 in. (6.35 to 254.0 mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using party or parties. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation

ASTM E2465-11 用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法分析镍基合金的标准试验方法

This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ni-Base Alloys by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E1002-11 使用超声波检漏的标准操作规程

Practice A8212;This practice is useful for locating and estimating the size of pressurized gas leaks, either as a quality control test or as a field inspection procedure. It is also valuable as a pretest before other more time consuming and more sensitive leak tests are employed. It should not be used exclusively to locate highly toxic or explosive gas leaks. Practice B8212;This practice is useful for locating leaks in systems that are not under pressure or vacuum as either a quality control or a field inspection procedure. It is not useful for estimating the size of a leak. It is also valuable as a pretest before leak tests using pressurized gas methods and more sensitive leak tests are employed.1.1 Practice A, Pressurization8212;This practice covers procedures for calibration of ultrasonic instruments, location, and estimated measurements of gas leakage to atmosphere by the airborne ultrasonic technique. 1.2 In general practice this should be limited to leaks detected by two classifications of instruments, Class I and Class II. Class I instruments should have a minimum detectable leak rate of 6.7 × 10−7 mol/s (1.5 × 10−2 std. cm3/s at 0°C) or more for the pressure method of gas leakage to atmosphere. Class II instruments should have a minimal detectable leak rate of 6.7 × 10−6 mol/s (1.5 × 10−1 std. cm3/s at 0°C) or more for the pressure method of gas leakage to atmosphere. Refer to Guide E432 for additional information. 1.3 Practice B, Ultrasonic Transmitter8212;For object under test not capable of being pressurized but capable of having ultrasonic tone placed/injected into the test area to act as an ultrasonic leak trace source. 1.3.1 This practice is limited to leaks producing leakage of 6.7 × 10−6 mol/s (1.5 × 10−1 std. cm3/s at 0°C) or greater. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Leaks Using Ultrasonics

ASTM E1742/E1742M-11 放射照象检验标准操作规程

This practice establishes the basic parameters for the application and control of the radiographic method. This practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the NDT facility and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see 6.1). Test Methods E1030, E1032, and E1416 contain information to help develop detailed technique/procedure requirements.1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materials. 1.2 Applicability8212;The criteria for the radiographic examination in this practice are applicable to all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials. The requirements expressed in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for parts and materials. 1.3 Basis of Application8212;There are areas in this practice that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract. 1.3.1 DoD contracts. 1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1. 1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2. 1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5. 1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3. 1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6. 1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7. 1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9. 1.3.9 Film density, 6.10. 1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3. 1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18. 1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2. 1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3. 1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23. 1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1. 1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2. 1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8. 1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9. 1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1. 1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1. 1.4 Units8212;The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination

ASTM E2663-11 采用超声波测试方法无损评估中数字成像和通信的标准操作规程

Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of ultrasonic test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard provide a standard means to organize ultrasonic test parameters and results. The ultrasonic test results may be displayed and analyzed on any device that conforms to this standard. Personnel wishing to view any ultrasonic inspection data stored in DICONDE format may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of ultrasonic imaging equipment by specifying image data transfer and archival storage methods in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of the NEMA Standards Publication titled Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM, see http://medical.nema.org), an international standard for image data acquisition, review, transfer and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE test results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules and data dictionary that are specific to ultrasonic test methods. 1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from ultrasonic test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the ultrasonic technique parameters and test results are communicated and stored in a standard format regardless of changes in digital technology. 1.3 This practice does not specify: 1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard. 1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance. 1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance. 1.4 Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI units required by this practice are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Ultrasonic Test Methods

DIN EN 13477-2:2010 无损检测.声发射检测.设备特性.第2部分:操作特性测试.德文版本EN 13477-2-2010

Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - Equipment characterisation - Part 2: Verification of operating characteristic; German version EN 13477-2:2010

DIN EN ISO 7963:2010 无损检测.超声波检验.2号基准块规范(ISO 7963-2006).德文版本EN ISO 7963-2010

Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block No. 2 (ISO 7963:2006); German version EN ISO 7963:2010

DIN 54192:2010 无损检测.活跃温度记录法

Non-destructive testing - Active thermography

BS EN 13477-2:2010 无损检验.声发射.设备特性.操作特性验证

This part of the standard specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of AE equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the equipment under laboratory conditions. Verification of the measurement characteristics is recommended after purchase of equipment, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction. The procedures described in this European Standard do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the frequency domain.

Non-destructive testing. Acoustic emission. Equipment characterisation. Part 2: Verification of operating characteristic

BS ISO 10332:2010 钢管的无损测试.液压密封性检定无缝和焊接(埋弧焊除外)钢管的自动超声测试

Non-destructive testing of steel tubes. Automated ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness

KS D ISO 25902-1:2010 钛管.无损检验.第1部分:涡流损伤检验

KS D ISO 25902의 일부인 이 표준은 타이타늄 이음매 없는 관 및 용접관(이하 ‘

Titanium pipes and tubes-Non-destructive testing-Part 1:Eddy-current examination

ISO 10332:2010 钢管的无损检测.用于无缝和焊接钢管(埋弧焊接除外)液压密封性验证的自动超声波检测

This International Standard specifies requirements for automated ultrasonic shear-wave (generated by single element probes or the phased-array technique) testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arcwelded) steel tubes, for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness. The testing technique is applied for the detection of predominantly longitudinal imperfections. Where applicable, Lamb-wave testing may be applied at the discretion of the manufacturer. This International Standard is applicable to the inspection of tubes with an outside diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm, and with an outside diameter-to-thickness ratio greater than or equal to 5.

Non-destructive testing of steel tubes - Automated ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness

BS EN ISO 7963:2010 无损检验.超声波测试.2号校准刻度块规范

This International Standard specifies the dimensions, material, manufacture and methods of use for calibration block No. 2 for calibrating and checking ultrasonic testing equipment.

Non-destructive testing. Ultrasonic testing. Specification for calibration block No. 2

NB/T 47013.10-2010 承压设备无损检测 第10部分：衍射时差法超声检测

Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment Part 10: Ultrasonic Testing by Diffraction Time-of-Flight