H26 金属无损检验方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM E273-10 对焊接管件的焊缝区进行超声波检测的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes general ultrasonic testing procedures for the detection of discontinuities in the weld and adjacent heat affected zones of welded pipe and tubing by scanning with relative motion between the search unit and pipe or tube. When contact or unfocused immersion search units are employed, this practice is intended for tubular products having specified outside diameters ≥2 in. (≥50 mm) and specified wall thicknesses of 1/8to 11/16 in. (3 to 27 mm). When properly focused immersion search units are employed, this practice may also be applied to material of smaller diameter and thinner wall. Note 18212;When contact or unfocused immersion search units are used, precautions should be exercised when examining pipes or tubes near the lower specified limits. Certain combinations of search unit size, frequency, thin–wall thicknesses, and small diameters could cause generation of unwanted sound waves that may produce erroneous examination results. 1.2 All surfaces of material to be examined in accordance with this practice shall be clean from scale, dirt, burrs, slag, spatter or other conditions that would interfere with the examination results. The configuration of the weld must be such that interfering signals are not generated by reflections from it. Treatment of the inner surface and outer surface weld beads such as trimming (“scarfing”) or rolling is often required to remove protuberances that could result in spurious reflections. 1.3 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria, they must be specified by the using parties. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents are in parentheses and may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing

ASTM E587-10 超声波角钢梁接触试验标准实施规程

An electrical pulse is applied to a piezoelectric transducer which converts electrical to mechanical energy. In the angle-beam search unit, the piezoelectric element is generally a thickness expander which creates compressions and rarefactions. This longitudinal (compressional) wave travels through a wedge (generally a plastic). The angle between transducer face and the examination face of the wedge is equal to the angle between the normal (perpendicular) to the examination surface and the incident beam. Fig. 1 shows the incident angle ϕi, and the refracted angle ϕr, of the ultrasonic beam. When the examination face of the angle-beam search unit is coupled to a material, ultrasonic waves may travel in the material. As shown in Fig. 2, the angle in the material (measured from the normal to the examination surface) and mode of vibration are dependent on the wedge angle, the ultrasonic velocity in the wedge, and the velocity of the wave in the examined material. When the material is thicker than a few wavelengths, the waves traveling in the material may be longitudinal and shear, shear alone, shear and Rayleigh, or Rayleigh alone. Total reflection may occur at the interface. (Refer to Fig. 3.) In thin materials (up to a few wavelengths thick), the waves from the angle-beam search unit traveling in the material may propagate in different Lamb wave modes. All ultrasonic modes of vibration may be used for angle-beam examination of material. The material forms and the probable flaw locations and orientations determine selection of beam directions and modes of vibration. The use of angle beams and the selection of the proper wave mode presuppose a knowledge of the geometry of the object; the probable location, size, orientation, and reflectivity of the expected flaws; and the laws of physics governing the propagation of ultrasonic waves. Characteristics of the examination system used and the ultrasonic properties of the material being examined must be known or determined. Some materials, because of unique microstructure, are difficult to examine using ultrasonics. Austenitic material, particularly weld material, is one example of this material condition. Caution should be exercised when establishing examination practices for these type materials. While examination may be possible, sensitivity will be inferior to that achievable on ferritic materials. When examining materials with unique microstructures, empirical testing should be performed to assure that the examination will achieve the desired sensitivity. This may be accomplished by incorporating known reflectors in a mock up of the weld or part to be examined. Angle-Beam Longitudinal Waves8212;As shown in Fig. 4, angle-beam longitudinal waves with refracted angles in the range from 1 to 40° (where coexisting angle-beam shear waves are weak, as shown in Fig. 3) may be used to detect fatigue cracks in axles and shafts from the end by direct reflection or by corner reflection. As shown in Fig. 5, with a crossed-beam dual-transducer search unit configuration, angle-beam longitudinal waves may be used to measure thickness or to detect reflectors parallel to the examination surface, such as laminations. As shown in Fig. 6, reflectors with a major plane at an angle up to 40° with respect to the examination surface, provide optimum reflection to an angle-beam longitudinal wave that is normal to the plane of the reflector. Angle-beam longitudinal waves in the range from 45 to 85° become weaker as the angle increases; at the same time, the coexisting angle-beam shear waves become stronger. Equal amplitude angle beams of approximately 55°

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Contact Testing

ASTM E155-10 铝和镁铸件检验用标准参考射线照相

These radiographs are intended for reference only but are so designed that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these radiographs. The illustrations are radiographs of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities. The radiographs of the 1/4-in. (6.35-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1/2 in. (12.7 mm). The radiographs of the 3/4-in. (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over 1/2 in. to and including 2 in. (51 mm). The grouping and system of designations are based on considerations of the best practical means of making these reference radiographs of the greatest possible value. Film DeteriorationRadiographic films are subject to wear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which the image deteriorates over time is a function of storage conditions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radiograph films are no exception and may exhibit a loss in image quality over time. The radiographs should therefore be periodically examined for signs of wear and tear, including scratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth. Any reference radiographs which show signs of excessive wear and tear which could influence the interpretation and use of the radiographs should be replaced.1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities that may be found in aluminum-alloy and magnesium-alloy castings. The castings illustrated are in thicknesses of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) and 3/4 in. (19.1 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International if needed. 1.2 These film reference radiographs are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in aluminum-alloy castings when performing digital radiography. If performing digital radiography of aluminum-alloy castings, refer to Digital Reference Image Standard E2422. Magnesium-alloy digital reference images are not currently available from ASTM International. 1.3 This document may be used where no other applicable document exists, for other material thicknesses for which it has been found to be applicable and for which agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;Vol I: The set of reference radiographs consists of 13 plates covering discontinuities in aluminum-alloy castings and 10 plates covering discontinuities in magnesium-alloy castings. Each plate is held in an 81/2 by 11-in. (216 by 279-mm) cardboard frame and each plate illustrates eight grades of severity for the discontinuity in approximately a 2 by 2-in. (51 by 51-mm) area. The cardboard frames are contained in a 101/2 by 111/2-in. (267 by 292-mm) ring b......

Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings

ASTM E127-10 铝合金超声波检验标准基准块的制造和检查的标准实施规程

Reference blocks fabricated to this practice will exhibit specific area-amplitude and distance-amplitude relationships only with an immersion test at 5 MHz using the search unit, test instrument, and test parameters described in this practice. Comparison tests at other frequencies or with uncalibrated test systems will not necessarily give the same relationships shown in this practice. Note 28212;The 1964 and prior issues of this practice required a test frequency of 15 MHz. Blocks conforming to earlier issues of this practice may not produce ultrasonic responses that conform to this issue. See Section 13 regarding provision for recertification or correction curves and tables. Although the primary ultrasonic evaluation of blocks is performed at a specified frequency, the blocks may be used to standardize ultrasonic tests at any frequency and with any pulse-echo ultrasonic test system. Establishment of distance-amplitude and area-amplitude characteristics is necessary for each application. This use may be inappropriate for other materials and curved surfaces without special compensation. Also see (3) for cautions regarding use of standard blocks for test standardization.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabricating aluminum alloy ultrasonic standard reference blocks that can be used for checking performance of ultrasonic testing equipment and for standardization and control of ultrasonic tests of aluminum alloy products using pulsed longitudinal waves introduced into test material either by the direct-contact method or by the immersion method. A recommended procedure for checking blocks is described and calibration data for a number of reference blocks are tabulated. Statements concerning procedures are provided without a discussion of the technical background for the preference. The necessary technical background can be found in Refs. (1-16). Note 18212;Practice E428 and Guide E1158 also describe procedures for selecting material, fabricating blocks, and checking response. Unlike this practice, there is no requirement for evaluation relative to a specified standard target. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks

ASTM A388/A388M-10 钢锻件超声检验用标准实施规程

This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications. The ultrasonic quality level shall be clearly stated as order requirements.1.1 This practice covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. The straight beam techniques include utilization of the DGS (Distance Gain-Size) method. See Appendix X3. 1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that forgings are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A388/A388M. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings

ASTM E280-10 重壁((4x00BD;至12-in.(114-305-mm))钢铸件的标准参考射线照片

Graded reference radiographs are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels may not be needed. These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular workmanship classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 6 and 7). Reference radiographs represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Overlapping severity levels of similar discontinuity categories and energy level range of E186 reference radiographs may alternatively be used, as determined appropriate for the casting service application, if so agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 5.1). Procedures for evaluation of production radiographs using applicable reference radiographs of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 9 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs may be required.1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 4 ½ to 12 in. (114 to 305 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described in 1.2. Note 18212;The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E186. Reference radiograph E186 provides some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3). 1.2 These reference radiographs consist of two separate volumes as follows 1.2.1 Volume I: 2-MV X-rays and Cobalt-608212;This includes cobalt-60 or equivalent isotope radiation and from 2-MV up to 4-MV X-rays. Set of 28 plates in 8½ by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders. 1.2.2 Volume II: 4-MV to 30-MV X-rays8212;Set of 28 plates in 8 1/2 by 11 in. (216 by 279 mm) ring binders. 1.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with production......

Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4&x00BD; to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings

ASTM E186-10 重壁(2 至 4x00BD; in.(50.8至114 mm))钢铸件的标准参考射线照片

Graded reference radiographs are intended to provide a guide enabling recognition of specific casting discontinuity types and relative severity levels that may be encountered during typical fabrication processes. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels may not be needed. These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 6 and 7). Reference radiographs represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Severity levels of similar discontinuity categories and energy level range of E446 or E280 reference radiographs may alternatively be used, as determined appropriate for the casting service application, if so agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement (see Section 1 and 5.1). Procedures for evaluation of production radiographs using applicable reference radiographs of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be specifically called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document. Section 9 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs to castings may be required.1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses of 2 to less than 4½ in. (50.8 to 114 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described in 1.2.1. Note that the basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser/supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard. Reference radiographs for other steel casting thicknesses may be found in Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280. Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E280 provide some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3) 1.2 These reference radiographs consist of three separate volumes as follows: 1.2.1 Volume I: 1–MV X Rays and Iridium 192 (called “1 to 2–Mev X rays” in previous editions)-Set of 28 plates (nominal 5 by 8 in. (127 by 203 mm) in a 15 by 17 in. (381 by 432 mm) ring binder). 1.2.2 Volume II: 2–MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 (called

Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4&x00BD;-in. (50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings

BS EN 1330-9:2009 无损检验.术语.声发射检验用术语

This European standard is concerned only with terms used specifically in acoustic emission testing (AT) and these fall into four parts: • Terms relating to the physical phenomenon; • Terms relating to the detection of the acoustic emission; • Terms relating to the measured acoustic emission signal(s); • Terms relating to acoustic emission applications.

Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in acoustic emission testing

KS D 0293-2009 利用电气化学方法测量金属内部氢吸收率与氢扩计数的方法

1.1 이 표준은 전기화학적 방법을 이용하여 금속 내부에서의 수소 투과율(hydrogen

Method of measurement of hydrogen permeation and determination of hydrogen uptake and transport in metals by an electrochemical technique

KS D 0291-2009 使用超声波振动装置气蚀磨损性评估准则

이 시험방법은 소금물 용액에서 초음파 진동 장치를 이용하여 스테인리스강의 캐비테이션 침식

Standard guide for test method of cavitation erosion resistance of stainless steels

JIS G 0431:2009 钢制产品.无损检测(NDT)人员的雇主资格制度

This Japanese Industrial Standard has been prepared based on ISO/FDIS 11484.2 published in 2008 with some modifications of the technical contents.

Steel products -- Employer's qualification system for non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel

JIS Z 2343-2:2009 无损检测.渗透测试.第2部分:渗透材料测试

This Standard specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials (hereafter referred to as "materials"),used for penetrant testing specified in JIS Z2343-1, for their type testing and batch testing. It also details on-site control tests and methods.

Non-destructive testing -- Penetrant testing -- Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials

JIS Z 2300:2009 无损检测的术语和定义

Terms and definitions of nondestructive testing

DIN SPEC 1095:2009 无损试验.利用中子衍射法测定剩余应力的标准试验方法(ISO/TS 21432:2005+修改件1:2008),德文版本CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005+AC:2009

Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction (ISO/TS 21432:2005 + Cor. 1:2008); German version CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005 + AC:2009

ISO 12706:2009 无损检验.渗透试验.术语

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Vocabulary

SANS 3452-2:2009 无损检测.渗透检测.第2部分:渗透材料测试

Specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. Also details on-site control tests and methods.

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials

SANS 3452-1:2009 无损检验.渗透性检验.第1部分:一般原则

Defines a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles

DIN EN 1330-9:2009 无损检验.术语.第9部分:声传播试验术语.三种语言的版本EN 1330-9-2009

This European standard is concerned only with terms used specifically in acoustic emission testing (AT) and these fall into four parts: ~ Terms relating to the physical phenomenon; ~ Terms relating to the detection of the acoustic emission; ~ Terms relating to the measured acoustic emission signal(s); ~ Terms relating to acoustic emission applications.

Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 9: Terms used in acoustic emission testing; Trilingual version EN 1330-9:2009

NF A09-020-9:2009 无损检验.术语.第9部分:用于声音传播试验的术语

Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 9 : terms used in acoustic emission testing.

DIN EN ISO 12718:2009 无损检测 涡流探伤 词汇

This International Standard defines terms used in eddy current testing. NOTE In addition to terms used in English and French, two of the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian), this document gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN), and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.

Non-destructive testing - Eddy current testing - Vocabulary (ISO 12718:2008); Trilingual version EN ISO 12718:2008