H26 金属无损检验方法 标准查询与下载

BS ISO 4993:2009 钢铁铸件.X光线照相术检验

Steel and iron castings - Radiographic inspection

MH/T 3019-2009 航空器无损检测.目视检测

本标准规定了民用航空器无损检测中目视检测的分类、技术要求、检测方法和记录。 本标准适用于民用航空器及其所用材料和零部件表面不连续性及其他缺陷的目视检测。

Nondestructive testing for aircraft.visual testing

NF A09-185*NF EN 15305:2009 无损检测.用X射线衍射对残余应力分析的试验方法

Non-destructive testing - Test Method for Residual Stress analysis by X-ray Diffraction.

DIN EN 15305 Berichtigung 1:2009 无损检验 使用X射线衍射法进行分析残余应力分析的试验方法

Non-destructive testing - Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction; German version EN 15305:2008, Corrigendum to DIN EN 15305:2009-01; German version EN 15305:2008/AC:2009

BS EN 583-6:2008 无损检验.超声波检验.用作间断性检测和尺寸分析方法的飞行时间测定法

This European Standard defines the general principles for the application of the Time-Of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique for both detection and sizing of discontinuities in low alloyed carbon steel components. It could also be used for other types of materials, provided the application of the TOFD technique is performed with necessary consideration of geometry, acoustical properties of the materials and the sensitivity of the examination. Although it is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in materials and applications covered by EN 583-1, it contains references to the application on welds. This approach has been chosen for reasons of clarity as to the ultrasonic probe positions and directions of scanning. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this standard are applicable. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, this standard is applicable to the following product classes as defined in EN 583-2: ? class 1, without restrictions; ? classes 2 and 3, restrictions will apply as stated in Clause 9. The inspection of products of classes 4 and 5 will require special procedures. These are addressed in Clause 9 as well. The techniques to use TOFD for weld inspection are described in CEN/TS 14751. The related acceptance criteria are given in prEN 15617.

Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities

DIN EN 583-6:2009 无损检验 超声波检验 第6部分:不连续性的探测和定尺寸用飞行时间衍射技术方法

This European Standard defines the general principles for the application of the Time-Of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique for both detection and sizing of discontinuities in low alloyed carbon steel components. It could also be used for other types of materials, provided the application of the TOFD technique is performed with necessary consideration of geometry, acoustical properties of the materials and the sensitivity of the examination. Although it is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in materials and applications covered by EN 583-1, it contains references to the application on welds. This approach has been chosen for reasons of clarity as to the ultrasonic probe positions and directions of scanning. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this standard are applicable. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, this standard is applicable to the following product classes as defined in EN 583-2: -- class 1, without restrictions; -- classes 2 and 3, restrictions will apply as stated in Clause 9. The inspection of products of classes 4 and 5 will require special procedures. These are addressed in Clause 9 as well. The techniques to use TOFD for weld inspection are described in CEN/TS 14751. The related acceptance criteria are given in prEN 15617.

Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities; English version of DIN EN 583-6:2009-03

ISO 4993:2009 钢铁铸件.X光线照相术检验

Steel and iron castings - Radiographic inspection

NF A09-120-5*NF EN ISO 3452-5:2009 无损检验.渗透测试.第5部分:温度高于50℃的渗透测试

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 5 : penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50 oC.

NF A09-340-6:2009 无损检验.超声波检验.第6部分:作为不连续探测和定尺寸用方法的射程时间衍射技术

Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 6 : time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities.

NF A09-120-6*NF EN ISO 3452-6:2009 无损检验.渗透试验.第6部分:温度低于10℃的渗透试验

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 6 : penetrant testing at temperatures lower than 10 oC.

ISO 25902-1:2009 钛管.无损检验.第1部分:涡流检验

Titanium pipes and tubes - Non-destructive testing - Part 1: Eddy-current examination

ISO 11484:2009 钢产品.无损检验(NDT)人员用雇主资格认证系统

Steel products - Employer's qualification system for non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel

DIN EN 15305:2009 无损检测.X射线衍射法对残余应力分析用试验方法

This European Standard describes the test method for the determination of macroscopic residual or applied stresses non-destructively by X-ray diffraction analysis in the near-surface region of a polycrystalline specimen or component. All materials with a sufficient degree of crystallinity can be analysed, but limitations may arise in the following cases (brief indications are given in Clause 12): -- Stress gradients; -- Lattice constants gradient ; -- Surface roughness; -- Non-flat surfaces (see 5.1.2); -- Highly textured materials; -- Coarse grained material (see 5.1.4); -- Multiphase materials; -- Overlapping diffraction lines; -- Broad diffraction lines. The specific procedures developed for the determination of residual stresses in the cases listed above are not included in this document. The method described is based on the angular dispersive technique with reflection geometry as defined by EN 13925-1. The recommendations in this document are meant for stress analysis where only the diffraction line shift is determined. This European Standard does not cover methods for residual stress analyses based on synchrotron X-ray radiation and it does not exhaustively consider all possible areas of application. Radiation Protection. Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays can be injurious to health. It is therefore essential that whenever X-ray equipment is used, adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator and any other person in the vicinity. Recommended practice for radiation protection as well as limits for the levels of X-radiation exposure are those established by national legislation in each country. If there are no official regulations or recommendations in a country, the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection should be applied.

Non-destructive testing - Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction; German version EN 15305:2008

ASTM E1734-09 铸件射线检验标准实施规程

The requirements in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radioscopic images to produce satisfactory and consistent results. This practice is not intended for controlling the acceptability of the casting. The radioscopic method may be used for detecting volumetric discontinuities and density variations that are within the sensitivity range of this practice. The dynamic aspects of radioscopy are useful for maximizing defect response.1.1 This practice covers a uniform procedure for radioscopic examination of castings. 1.2 This practice applies only to radioscopic examination in which an image is finally presented on a display screen (monitor) for evaluation. Test part acceptance may be based on a static or dynamic image. The examination results may be recorded for later review. This practice does not apply to fully automated systems in which evaluation is performed automatically by a computer. 1.3 Due to the many complex geometries and part configurations inherent with castings, it is necessary to recognize the potential limitations associated with obtaining complete radioscopic coverage. Consideration shall be given to areas where geometry or part configuration does not allow for complete radioscopic coverage. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings

ASTM E1312-09 居里温度以上铁磁圆柱棒产品的电磁(涡流)检验的标准实施规程

The purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for in-line-eddy-current examination of hot cylindrical bars in the range of diameters listed in 1.2 for large and repetitive discontinuities that may form during processing. The discontinuities in bar product capable of being detected by the electromagnetic method are listed in 1.3.1. The method is capable of detecting surface and some subsurface discontinuities that are typically in the order of 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) and deeper, but some shallower discontinuities might also be found. Discontinuities that are narrow and deep, but short in length, are readily detectable by both probe and encircling coils because they cause abrupt flux changes. Surface and subsurface discontinuities (if the electromagnetic frequency provides sufficient effective depth of penetration) can be detected by this method. Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of cut length bars or extend for extensive linear distances in coiled product may not always be detected when encircling coils are used. These are more detectable with probe coils by intercepting the discontinuity in their rotation around the circumference. The orientation and type of coil are important parameters in coil design because they influence the detectability of discontinuities. The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of defective product. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100°F (1149°C). 1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of ½ in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min (366 m/min). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the using parties. 1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities. 1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie Temperature

ASTM E1158-09 金属和金属合金产品材料超声脉冲纵波检测用参考试块的材料选择与制作标准指南

This guide is intended to illustrate the fabrication of ultrasonic reference blocks that are representative of the production material to be examined. Care in material selection and fabrication can result in the manufacture of reference blocks that are ultrasonically similar to the production material thus eliminating the reference block as an examination variable.1.1 This guide covers general procedures for the material selection and fabrication of reference blocks made of metal or metal alloys and intended to be used for the examination of the same or similar production materials by pulsed longitudinal ultrasonic waves applied perpendicular to the beam entry surface. Primary emphasis is on solid materials but some of the techniques described may be used for midwall examination of pipes and tubes of heavy wall thickness. Near-surface resolution in any material depends upon the characteristics of the instrument and search unit employed. 1.2 This guide covers the fabrication of reference blocks for use with either the immersion or the contact method of ultrasonic examination. 1.3 Reference blocks fabricated in accordance with this guide can be used to determine proper ultrasonic system operation. Area-amplitude and distance-amplitude curves can also be determined with these reference blocks. 1.4 This guide does not specify reference reflector sizes or product rejection limits. It does describe typical industry fabrication practices and commonly applied tolerances where they lend clarity to the guide. In all cases of conflict between this guide and customer specifications, the customer specification shall prevail. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Testing of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material

ASTM E1962-09 用电磁声换能器(EMAT)技术的超声波测试用标准实用规程

EMAT techniques show benefits and advantages over conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic techniques in special applications where flexibility in the type of wave mode generation is desired. EMATs are highly efficient in the generation of surface waves. Since EMATs are highly efficient in the generation of surface waves, and since acoustic techniques utilizing surface waves are proven effective for detecting surface and near-surface discontinuities, they should be considered for any applications where conventional penetrant testing and magnetic particle NDT techniques are effective but undesirable. Since EMAT techniques are non-contacting, they should be considered for ultrasonic testing where applications involve automation, high-speed inspections, moving objects, applications in remote or hazardous locations, applications to objects at elevated temperatures, or objects with rough surfaces. The purpose of this practice is to promote the EMAT technique of the ultrasonic method as a viable alternative to conventional PT and MPT methods for detecting the presence of surface and near-surface material discontinuities. The use of EMATs and the selection of appropriate operating parameters presuppose a knowledge of the geometry of the component; the probable location, size, orientation, and reflectivity of the expected flaws; the allowable range of EMAT lift-off; and the laws of physics governing the propagation of ultrasonic waves. This procedure pertains to a specific EMAT surface inspection application.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for utilizing EMAT techniques for detecting material discontinuities that are primarily open to the surface (for example, cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, lack of fusion). This technique can also be sensitive to flaws and discontinuities that are not surface-breaking, provided their proximity to the surface is less than or equal to the Rayleigh wave length. 1.2 This practice covers procedures for the non-contact coupling of surface waves into a material via electromagnetic fields. 1.3 The procedures of this practice are applicable to any material in which acoustic waves can be introduced electromagnetically. This includes any material that is either electrically conductive or ferromagnetic, or both. 1.4 This practice is intended to provide examination capabilities for in-process, final, and maintenance applications. 1.5 This practice does not provide standards for the evaluation of derived indications. Interpretation, classification, and ultimate evaluation of indications, albeit necessary, are beyond the scope of this practice. Separate specifications or agreement will be necessary to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable or non-acceptable. 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standards. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Techniques

ASTM E1033-09 在居里温度以上的F型连续焊接亚锰铁管的电磁(涡流)检验的标准实施规程

The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the in-line eddy-current examination of hot CW pipe for the detection of major imperfections and repetitive discontinuities. A major advantage of in-line eddy-current examination of ferromagnetic CW pipe above the Curie temperature lies in the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and depth of penetration obtained without the use of magnetic saturation. The eddy-current method is capable of detecting and locating weld imperfections commonly referred to as open welds, cave welds, black spots (weld inclusions), and partial welds (incomplete penetration). In addition, it will detect pipe-wall imperfections such as slivers, laps, and ring welds (end welds). The relative severity of the imperfections may be indicated by eddy-current signal amplitude or phase, or both. An alarm level may be selected that utilizes signal amplitude or phase, or both, for automatic recording or marking, or both. Because the responses from natural discontinuities may vary significantly from those from artificial discontinuities, care must be exercised in establishing test sensitivity and acceptance criteria.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for in-line, eddy-current examination of continuously welded (CW) ferromagnetic pipe and tubing at temperatures above the Curie temperature (approximately 1400°F) (760°C), where the pipe is substantially nonmagnetic or austenitic. 1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having nominal diameters of ½in. (12.7 mm) to 4 in. (101.6 mm). These techniques may be used for larger- or smaller-diameter pipe and tubing as specified by the using parties. 1.3 This practice is specifically applicable to eddy-current examination using encircling coils, or probe coils. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be established by the using parties. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Type F-Continuously Welded (CW) Ferromagnetic Pipe and Tubing Above the Curie Temperature

ASTM E1085-09 用X 射线荧光光谱法分析低合金钢的标准试验方法

This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multielement determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed. Calcium is sometimes added to steel to effect inclusion shape control in order to enhance certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment. Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements: 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E1606-09 电气用回火铜杆的电磁(涡流)检验用标准实施规程

Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of locating surface discontinuities in a product. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located on the surface of the rod. Since the density of eddy-currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the surface increases, deep-seated defects may be undetected. Some indications obtained by this practice may not be relevant to product quality. For example, a signal may be caused by minute flaws or irregularities, by anomalies in the material, or by other factors such as operator error, or a combination thereof, that are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Nonrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. On the other hand, relevant indications are those that may result from nonacceptable discontinuities and should be determined by agreement between the user and the supplier. Any indication that is believed to be irrelevant shall be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by reexamination or other means to be nonrelevant.1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be followed in electromagnetic (eddy-current) examination of copper redraw rods for detecting discontinuities or imperfections of a severity likely to cause failure or markedly impair surface quality of the rod. These procedures are applicable for continuous lengths of redraw rod in diameters from ¼ to 13/8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm) suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors. 1.2 This practice covers redraw rod made from tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers. 1.3 The procedures described in this practice are based on methods for making use of stationary encircling annular test coil systems. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes