H26 金属无损检验方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1312-09 居里温度以上铁磁圆柱棒产品的电磁(涡流)检验的标准实施规程

The purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for in-line-eddy-current examination of hot cylindrical bars in the range of diameters listed in 1.2 for large and repetitive discontinuities that may form during processing. The discontinuities in bar product capable of being detected by the electromagnetic method are listed in 1.3.1. The method is capable of detecting surface and some subsurface discontinuities that are typically in the order of 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) and deeper, but some shallower discontinuities might also be found. Discontinuities that are narrow and deep, but short in length, are readily detectable by both probe and encircling coils because they cause abrupt flux changes. Surface and subsurface discontinuities (if the electromagnetic frequency provides sufficient effective depth of penetration) can be detected by this method. Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of cut length bars or extend for extensive linear distances in coiled product may not always be detected when encircling coils are used. These are more detectable with probe coils by intercepting the discontinuity in their rotation around the circumference. The orientation and type of coil are important parameters in coil design because they influence the detectability of discontinuities. The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of defective product. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy-current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100°F (1149°C). 1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of ½ in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear throughput speeds up to 1200 ft/min (366 m/min). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the using parties. 1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy-current examination of bars during processing for the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities. 1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Bar Product Above the Curie Temperature

ASTM E1606-09 电气用回火铜杆的电磁(涡流)检验用标准实施规程

Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of locating surface discontinuities in a product. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located on the surface of the rod. Since the density of eddy-currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the surface increases, deep-seated defects may be undetected. Some indications obtained by this practice may not be relevant to product quality. For example, a signal may be caused by minute flaws or irregularities, by anomalies in the material, or by other factors such as operator error, or a combination thereof, that are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Nonrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. On the other hand, relevant indications are those that may result from nonacceptable discontinuities and should be determined by agreement between the user and the supplier. Any indication that is believed to be irrelevant shall be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by reexamination or other means to be nonrelevant.1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be followed in electromagnetic (eddy-current) examination of copper redraw rods for detecting discontinuities or imperfections of a severity likely to cause failure or markedly impair surface quality of the rod. These procedures are applicable for continuous lengths of redraw rod in diameters from ¼ to 13/8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm) suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors. 1.2 This practice covers redraw rod made from tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers. 1.3 The procedures described in this practice are based on methods for making use of stationary encircling annular test coil systems. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper Redraw Rod for Electrical Purposes

ASTM E1033-09 在居里温度以上的F型连续焊接亚锰铁管的电磁(涡流)检验的标准实施规程

The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the in-line eddy-current examination of hot CW pipe for the detection of major imperfections and repetitive discontinuities. A major advantage of in-line eddy-current examination of ferromagnetic CW pipe above the Curie temperature lies in the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and depth of penetration obtained without the use of magnetic saturation. The eddy-current method is capable of detecting and locating weld imperfections commonly referred to as open welds, cave welds, black spots (weld inclusions), and partial welds (incomplete penetration). In addition, it will detect pipe-wall imperfections such as slivers, laps, and ring welds (end welds). The relative severity of the imperfections may be indicated by eddy-current signal amplitude or phase, or both. An alarm level may be selected that utilizes signal amplitude or phase, or both, for automatic recording or marking, or both. Because the responses from natural discontinuities may vary significantly from those from artificial discontinuities, care must be exercised in establishing test sensitivity and acceptance criteria.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for in-line, eddy-current examination of continuously welded (CW) ferromagnetic pipe and tubing at temperatures above the Curie temperature (approximately 1400°F) (760°C), where the pipe is substantially nonmagnetic or austenitic. 1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having nominal diameters of ½in. (12.7 mm) to 4 in. (101.6 mm). These techniques may be used for larger- or smaller-diameter pipe and tubing as specified by the using parties. 1.3 This practice is specifically applicable to eddy-current examination using encircling coils, or probe coils. 1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be established by the using parties. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Type F-Continuously Welded (CW) Ferromagnetic Pipe and Tubing Above the Curie Temperature

ASTM E243-09 铜及铜合金管的电磁(涡流)检验的标准实施规程

Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of locating discontinuities in a product. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located either on the external or internal surface of the tube or by discontinuities totally contained within the walls. Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the external surface increases, the response to deep-seated defects decreases. Some indications obtained by this method may not be relevant to product quality; for example, a reject signal may be caused by minute dents or tool chatter marks that are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Irrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. Relevant indications are those which result from nonacceptable discontinuities. Any indication above the reject level that is believed to be irrelevant shall be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by re-examination or other means to be irrelevant (see 10.3.2). Eddy-current examination systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube (end effect). On-line eddy-current examining would not be subject to end effect. Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of the tube may not always be detected.1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be followed in eddy-current examination of copper and copper-alloy tubes for detecting discontinuities of a severity likely to cause failure of the tube. These procedures are applicable for tubes with outside diameters to 31/8 in. (79.4 mm), inclusive, and wall thicknesses from 0.017 in. (0.432 mm) to 0.120 in. (3.04 mm), inclusive, or as otherwise stated in ASTM product specifications; or by other users of this practice. These procedures may be used for tubes beyond the size range recommended, upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 1.2 The procedures described in this practice are based on methods making use of encircling annular examination coil systems. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 18212;This practice may be used as a guideline for the examination, by means of internal probe examination coil systems, of installations using tubular products where the outer surface of the tube is not accessible. For such applications, the technical differences associated with the use of internal probe coils should be recognized and accommodated. The effect of foreign materials on the tube surface and signals due to tube supports are typical of the factors that must be considered. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes

ASTM E1416-09 焊缝射线检验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for radioscopic examination of weldments. Requirements expressed in this test method are intended to control the quality of the radioscopic images and are not intended for controlling acceptability or quality of welds. 1.2 This test method applies only to the use of equipment for radioscopic examination in which the image is finally presented on a display screen (monitor) for operator evaluation. The examination may be recorded for later review. It does not apply to fully automated systems where evaluation is automatically performed by computer. 1.3 The radioscopic extent, the quality level, and the acceptance criteria to be applied shall be specified in the contract, purchase order, product specification, or drawings. 1.4 This test method can be used for the detection of discontinuities. This test method also facilitates the examination of a weld from several directions, such as perpendicular to the weld surface and along both weld bevel angles. The radioscopic techniques described in this test method provide adequate assurance for defect detectability; however, it is recognized that, for special applications, specific techniques using more stringent requirements may be needed to provide additional detection capability. The use of specific radioscopic techniques shall be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments

ASTM E1647-09 射线检验中测定衬比灵敏度的标准实施规程

The contrast sensitivity gauge measures contrast sensitivity independent of the imaging system spatial resolution limitations. The thickness recess dimensions of the contrast sensitivity gauge are large with respect to the spatial resolution limitations of most imaging systems. Four levels of contrast sensitivity are measured: 4 %, 3 %, 2 %, and 1 %. The contrast sensitivity gauge is intended for use in conjunction with a high-contrast resolution measuring gauge, such as the EN 462 – 5 Duplex Wire Image Quality Indicator. Such gauges measure spatial resolution essentially independent of the imaging system''s contrast sensitivity. Such measurements are appropriate for the qualification and performance monitoring of radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems with film, realtime devices, Computed Radiography (CR) and Digital Detector Arrays (DDA). Radioscopic/radiographic system performance may be specified by combining the measured contrast sensitivity expressed as a percentage with the spatial resolution expressed in millimeters of unsharpness. For the EN 462 – 5 spatial resolution gauge, the unsharpness is equal to twice the wire diameter. For the line pair gauge, the unsharpness is equal to the reciprocal of the line-pair/mm value. As an example, an imaging system that exhibits 2 % contrast sensitivity and images the 0.1 mm EN 462 – 5 paired wires (equivalent to imaging 5 line-pairs/millimeter resolution on a line-pair gauge) performs at a 2 %–0.2 mm sensitivity level. A standard method of evaluating overall radioscopic system performance is given in Practice E 1411 and in EN 13068–1 and for CR it can be found in Practice E 2445.1.1 This practice covers the design and material selection of a contrast sensitivity measuring gauge used to determine the minimum change in material thickness or density that may be imaged without regard to spatial resolution limitations. 1.2 This practice is applicable to transmitted-beam radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety statements, see NIST/ANSI Handbook 114 Section 8, Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96.

Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radioscopy

ASTM E1734-09 铸件射线检验标准实施规程

The requirements in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radioscopic images to produce satisfactory and consistent results. This practice is not intended for controlling the acceptability of the casting. The radioscopic method may be used for detecting volumetric discontinuities and density variations that are within the sensitivity range of this practice. The dynamic aspects of radioscopy are useful for maximizing defect response.1.1 This practice covers a uniform procedure for radioscopic examination of castings. 1.2 This practice applies only to radioscopic examination in which an image is finally presented on a display screen (monitor) for evaluation. Test part acceptance may be based on a static or dynamic image. The examination results may be recorded for later review. This practice does not apply to fully automated systems in which evaluation is performed automatically by a computer. 1.3 Due to the many complex geometries and part configurations inherent with castings, it is necessary to recognize the potential limitations associated with obtaining complete radioscopic coverage. Consideration shall be given to areas where geometry or part configuration does not allow for complete radioscopic coverage. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings

ASTM E566-09 黑色金属的电磁(涡电流)分级的标准实施规程

Absolute and comparative methods provide a means for sorting large quantities of ferrous parts of stock with regard to composition, condition, structure, or processing, or a combination thereof. The comparative or two-coil method is used when high-sensitivity testing is required. The advantage of this method is that it almost completely suppresses all internal or external disturbances such as temperature variations or stray magnetic fields. The two-coil method is normally used when harmonic evaluation is employed for sorting. The ability to accomplish satisfactorily these types of separations is dependent upon the relation of the magnetic characteristics of the ferromagnetic parts to their physical condition. These methods may be used for high-speed sorting in a fully automated setup where the speed of testing may approach ten specimens per second depending on their size and shape. The success of sorting ferromagnetic material depends mainly on the proper selection of magnetic field strength and frequency of signal in the test coil, fill factor, and variables present in the sample. The degree of accuracy of a sort will be affected greatly by the coupling between the test coil field and the test specimen and the accuracy with which the specimen is held in the test coil field during the measuring period. When high currents are used in the test coil, a means should be provided to maintain a constant temperature of the reference specimen in order to minimize measurement drift.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for sorting ferrous metals using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure relates to instruments using absolute or comparator-type coils for distinguishing variations in mass, shape, conductivity, permeability, and other variables such as hardness and alloy that affect the electromagnetic or magnetic properties of the material. The selection of specimens to determine sorting feasibility and to establish standards is also included. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals

ASTM E570-09 铁磁钢管形制品的磁力泄漏检验的标准实施规程

This practice outlines a procedure for examining ferromagnetic tubular products using the flux leakage method. If properly applied, this method is capable of detecting the presence and location of significant longitudinally or transversely oriented discontinuities such as pits, scabs, slivers, gouges, roll-ins, laps, seams, cracks, holes, and improper welds in ferromagnetic tubes under inspection. In addition, the severity of a discontinuity may be estimated and a rejection level set with respect to the magnitude of the electromagnetic indication produced by the discontinuity. The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different from the response for artificial discontinuities such as drilled holes or notches of equivalent depth. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to determine the conditions necessary to detect and mark natural discontinuities whose characteristics will adversely affect the serviceability of the tube, in order to establish acceptance criteria between the supplier and purchaser.1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization of equipment using the flux leakage test method for detection of outer surface, inner surface, and subsurface discontinuities in ferromagnetic steel tubular products (Note 1) of uniform cross section such as seamless and welded tubing. Note 18212;The term “tube” or “tubular product” will be used to refer to both pipe and tubing. 1.2 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately ½ to 24 in. (12.7 to 610 mm) with wall thicknesses to ½ in (12.7 mm). These techniques have been used for other sizes, however, and may be so specified upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.3 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria; they must be specified by the using parties. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products

ASTM E703-09 有色金属的电磁(涡流)分类标准实施规程

Absolute and comparative methods provide a measure for sorting large quantities of nonferrous parts or stock with regard to composition or condition, or both. The comparative or two-coil method is used when high-sensitivity examination is required. The advantage of this method is that it almost completely suppresses interferences. The ability to accomplish these types of separations satisfactorily is dependent upon the relation of the electric characteristics of the nonferrous parts to their physical condition. These methods may be used for high-speed sorting in a fully automated setup where the speed of examination may approach many specimens per second depending on their size and shape. Successful sorting of nonferrous material depends mainly on the variables present in the sample and the proper selection of frequency and fill factor. The accuracy of a sort will be affected greatly by the coupling between the test coil field and the examined part during the measuring period.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for sorting nonferrous metals using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments using absolute or comparator-type coils for distinguishing variations in mass, shape, conductivity, and other variables such as alloy, heat treatment, or hardness that may be closely correlated with the electrical properties of the material. Selection of samples to evaluate sorting feasibility and to establish standards is also described. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting of Nonferrous Metals

KS B ISO 24497-2:2008 无损检验.金属存储器.第2部分:通用要求

이 표준은 ISO 24497 시리즈의 일부로서 다양하게 이용하는 기기, 설비, 장비, 구조

Non-destructive testing-Metal magnetic memory-Part 2:General requirements

KS B ISO 24497-1:2008 无损检验.金属存储器.第1部分:词汇

이 표준은 ISO 24497 시리즈의 일부로서, 금속 자기 기억법을 이용한 비파괴시험에서

Non-destructive testing-Metal magnetic memory-Part 1:Vocabulary

KS B ISO 24497-3:2008 无损检验.金属存储器.第3部分:焊接接口检验

이 표준은 압력 기기 용접부의 품질보증을 위한 비파괴시험의 한 방법으로서, 금속 자기 기억

Non-destructive testing-Metal magnetic memory-Part 3:Inspection of welded joints

DIN EN 12517-2:2008 接头的无损检验.第2部分:通过射线照相术评估铝及铝合金的焊接接头.验收等级

This European Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt welds detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels may be applied to other types of welds or materials. The acceptance levels may be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. This European Standard assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with EN 1435. When assessing whether a weld meets the requirements specified for a weld quality level, the sizes of imperfections permitted by standards are compared with the dimensions of indications revealed by a radiograph made of the weld.

Non-destructive testing of welds - Part 2: Evaluation of welded joints in aluminium and its alloys by radiography - Acceptance levels; English version of DIN EN 12517-2:2008-12

ISO 3452-6:2008 无损检验.渗透测试.第6部分:温度低于10℃的渗透测试

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 6: Penetrant testing at temperatures lower than 10 °C

ISO 3452-5:2008 无损检验.渗透测试.第5部分:温度高于50℃条件下的渗透测试

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 5: Penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50 °C

NF A09-171:2008 无损检测.涡流探伤.词汇

Non-destructive testing - Eddy current testing - Vocabulary.

DIN EN 12543-2:2008 无损检验.无损检验用工业X射线系统中焦点的特性.第2部分:针孔照相机X射线照像法

This European Standard specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot dimensions above 0,2 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 500 kV tube voltage by means of the pinhole camera radiographic method. The voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation. The image quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the focal spot, in particular the size and the two dimensional intensity distribution. For the characterisation of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade) the specific values of Table A.1 are used.

Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing - Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic method; English version of DIN EN 12543-2:2008-10

BS EN 15305:2008 无损检验.使用X射线衍射分析剩余应力的试验方法

This European Standard describes the test method for the determination of macroscopic residual or applied stresses non-destructively by X-ray diffraction analysis in the near-surface region of a polycrystalline specimen or component. All materials with a sufficient degree of crystallinity can be analysed, but limitations may arise in the following cases (brief indications are given in Clause 12):  Stress gradients;  Lattice constants gradient ;  Surface roughness;  Non-flat surfaces (see 5.1.2);  Highly textured materials;  Coarse grained material (see 5.1.4);  Multiphase materials;  Overlapping diffraction lines;  Broad diffraction lines. The specific procedures developed for the determination of residual stresses in the cases listed above are not included in this document. The method described is based on the angular dispersive technique with reflection geometry as defined by EN 13925-1. The recommendations in this document are meant for stress analysis where only the diffraction line shift is determined. This European Standard does not cover methods for residual stress analyses based on synchrotron X-ray radiation and it does not exhaustively consider all possible areas of application. Radiation Protection. Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays can be injurious to health. It is therefore essential that whenever X-ray equipment is used, adequate precautions should be taken to protect the operator and any other person in the vicinity. Recommended practice for radiation protection as well as limits for the levels of X-radiation exposure are those established by national legislation in each country. If there are no official regulations or recommendations in a country, the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection should be applied.

Non-destructive testing - Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction

BS EN 12517-2:2008 焊缝的无损检验.通过射线照相术评估铝及铝合金的焊接接头.验收等级

This European Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt welds detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels may be applied to other types of welds or materials. The acceptance levels may be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes. This European Standard assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with EN 1435. When assessing whether a weld meets the requirements specified for a weld quality level, the sizes of imperfections permitted by standards are compared with the dimensions of indications revealed by a radiograph made of the weld.

Non-destructive testing of welds - Part 2: Evaluation of welded joints in aluminium and its alloys by radiography - Acceptance levels