P02 经济管理 标准查询与下载

DIN 18317:2006 建筑合同程序(VOB).第C部分:建筑合同通用技术规范(ATV).道路建设.沥青路面

1.1 This standard covers the flexible pavement of roads of any type, including paved open spaces, airfields, courtyards, railway tracks and platforms, and the surfacing of bridge decks, the term 'pavement' being understood to cover (from the bottom up) the asphalt roadbase, any asphalt binder layer and the asphalt surfacing (basecourse and wearing course) rolled asphalt protective layers and surface dressing. 1.2 This standard doed not deal with the strengthening of subgrade, placing of coal-tar pitch and pitch-bitumen courses, the use of mastic asphalt for waterproofing structures, or with coarse aggregate mastic asphalt flooring work of any type, as specified in DIN 18354. 1.3 Clauses 1 to 5 of DIN 18299 shall also apply. In cases where the specifications of DIN 18299 contradict the present standard, the latter shall take precedence.

German construction contract procedures - Part C: General technical specifications for building works - Construction works for traffic lines - top layers of asphalt

DIN 18358:2006 建筑合同程序(VOB).第C部分:建筑合同通用技术规范(ATV).卷门和类似设备的安装

1.1 This standard deals with the manufacture and installation of roller shutters, roll-up and sectional doors, roller grilles, mechanically operated shading systems, black-out and dim-out blinds, awnings, venetian blinds, pleated blinds, and insect screens. 1.2 Clauses 1 to 5 of DIN 18299 shall also apply. In cases where the specifications of DIN 18299 contradict the present standard, the latter shall take precedence.

German construction contract procedures - Part C: General technical specifications for building works - Rolling shutters works

DIN 18311:2006 建筑合同程序(VOB).第C部分:建筑合同通用技术规范(ATV).挖泥工程

1.1 This standard deals with the dredging of soil and rock, including loading, haulage, and depositing of the material under water or ashore. It also covers the removal of soil or rock from embankments, if such work is associated with dredging. 1.2 This standard does not cover earthworks in general (cf. DIN 18300), nor excavation for land drainage (cf. DIN 18308) or landscaping (cf. DIN 18320) purposes. 1.3 Clauses 1 to 5 of DIN 18299 shall also apply. In cases where the specifications of DIN 18299 contradict the present standard, the latter shall take precedence.

German construction contract procedures - Part C: General technical specifications for building works - Dredging work

DIN 18364:2006 德国建筑合同程序.第C部分:建筑工程通用技术规范.钢和铝结构的防护工程

1.1 This standard deals with the anti-corrosion coating of steel structures/com?ponents for which a structural analysis or an agrement is required. It also covers coating by thermal spraying or hot dip galvanizing and cases where an anticor-rosion coating is to receive an intumescent coating. 1.2 Clauses 1 to 5 of DIN 18299 shall also apply. In cases where the specifi?cations of DIN 18299 contradict the present standard, the latter shall take precedence.

German construction contract procedures - Part C: General technical specifications for building works - Works for protection of steel structures

DIN 1960:2006 建筑工程承包条例.第A部分:建筑工程合同条款总则

Contract procedures for building works - Part A: General directions of contract letting for building works

ASTM E964-06(2010) 建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率的测算的标准操作规程

The BCR and SIR provide measures of economic performance in a single number that indicates whether a proposed building or building system is preferred over a mutually exclusive alternative that serves as the base for computing the ratio. It may be contrasted with the life-cycle cost (LCC) method that requires two LCC measures to evaluate the economic performance of a building or building systemone for each alternative. The ratio indicates discounted dollar benefits (or savings) per dollar of discounted costs. The BCR or SIR can be used to determine if a given building or building system is economic relative to the alternative of not having it. The BCR or SIR computed on increments of benefits (or savings) and costs can be used to determine if one design or size of a building or system is more economic than another. The BCR or SIR can be used as an aid to select the economically efficient set of projects among many competing for limited funding. The efficient set of projects will maximize aggregate net benefits or net savings obtainable for the budget. 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) and savings-to-investment ratios (SIR) as an aid for making building-related decisions. 1.2 A basic premise of the BCR and SIR methods is that future as well as present benefits and costs arising from a decision are important to that decision, and, if measurable in dollars, should be included in calculating the BCR and SIR. 1.3 Dollar amounts used to calculate BCR and SIR are all discounted, that is, expressed in time-equivalent dollars, either in present value or uniform annual value terms.

Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E1074-06 测算建筑物和建筑系统投资的净收益和净节存的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a recommended procedure for calculating and interpreting the net benefits (NB) and net savings (NS) methods in the evaluation of building designs and systems.

Standard Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E1074-06e1 测算建筑物和建筑系统投资的净收益和净节存的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a recommended procedure for calculating and interpreting the net benefits (NB) and net savings (NS) methods in the evaluation of building designs and systems.

Standard Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E833-06 建筑经济学的标准术语

1.1 This terminology relates to the economic evaluation of building construction as used in other standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Building Constructions, and does not necessarily correspond to the terminology used in other areas of accounting and economics.

Standard Terminology of Building Economics

ASTM E964-06 建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率测算的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) and savings-to-investment ratios (SIR) as an aid for making building-related decisions. 1.2 A basic premise of the BCR and SIR methods is that future as well as present benefits and costs arising from a decision are important to that decision, and, if measurable in dollars, should be included in calculating the BCR and SIR. 1.3 Dollar amounts used to calculate BCR and SIR are all discounted, that is, expressed in time-equivalent dollars, either in present value or uniform annual value terms.

Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E964-06e1 建筑物和建筑物系统的效益与成本和节约与投资比率测算的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) and savings-to-investment ratios (SIR) as an aid for making building-related decisions. 1.2 A basic premise of the BCR and SIR methods is that future as well as present benefits and costs arising from a decision are important to that decision, and, if measurable in dollars, should be included in calculating the BCR and SIR. 1.3 Dollar amounts used to calculate BCR and SIR are all discounted, that is, expressed in time-equivalent dollars, either in present value or uniform annual value terms.

Standard Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E1057-06 建筑物和建筑系统投资的内部回报率和调整的内部回报率的测算的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for calculating and interpreting the IRR and AIRR measures in the evaluation of building designs, systems, and equipment.

Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E1057-06e1 建筑物和建筑系统投资的内部回报率和调整的内部回报率的测算的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting the internal rate of return (IRR) and adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) measures in the evaluation of building designs, systems, and equipment.

Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E2506-06e1 开发新的和现有工程设施成本风险缓解的标准指南

Standard practices for measuring the economic performance of investments in buildings and building systems have been published by ASTM. A computer program that produces economic measures consistent with these practices is available. The computer program is described in Appendix X3. Discount Factor Tables has been published by ASTM to facilitate computing measures of economic performance for most of the practices. Investments in long-lived projects, such as the erection of new constructed facilities or additions and alterations to existing constructed facilities, are characterized by uncertainties regarding project life, operation and maintenance costs, revenues, and other factors that affect project economics. Since future values of these variable factors are generally unknown, it is difficult to make reliable economic evaluations. The traditional approach to uncertainty in project investment analysis is to apply economic methods of project evaluation to best-guess estimates of project input variables, as if they were certain estimates, and then to present results in a single-value, deterministic fashion. When projects are evaluated without regard to uncertainty of inputs to the analysis, decision makers may have insufficient information to measure and evaluate the financial risk of investing in a project having a different outcome from what is expected. To make reliable economic evaluations, treatment of uncertainty and risk is particularly important for projects affected by natural and man-made hazards that occur infrequently, but have significant consequences. Following this guide when performing an economic evaluation assures the user that relevant economic information, including information regarding uncertain input variables, is considered for projects affected by natural and man-made hazards. Use this guide in the project initiation and planning phases of the project delivery process. Consideration of alternative combinations of risk mitigation strategies early in the project delivery process allows both greater flexibility in addressing specific hazards and lower costs associated with their implementation. Use this guide for economic evaluations based on Practices E 917 (life-cycle costs), E 964 (benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios), E 1057 (internal rate of return and adjusted internal rate of return), E 1074 (net benefits and net savings), and E 1765 (analytical hierarchy process for multiattribute decision analysis). Use this guide in conjunction with Guide E 2204 to summarize the results of economic evaluations involving natural and man-made hazards.1.1 This guide describes a generic framework for developing a cost-effective risk mitigation plan for new and existing constructed facilities—buildings, industrial facilities, and other critical infrastructure. This guide provides owners and managers of constructed facilities, architects, engineers, constructors, other providers of professional services for constructed facilities, and researchers an approach for formulating and evaluating combinations of risk mitigation strategies. 1.2 This guide insures that the combinations of mitigation strategies are formulated so that they can be rigorously analyzed with economic tools. Economic tools include evaluation methods, standards that support and guide the application of those methods, and software for implementing the evaluation methods. 1.3 The generic framework described in this guide helps decision makers assess the likelihood that their facility and its contents will be damaged from natural and man-made hazards; identify engineering, management, and financial strategies for abating the risk of damages; and use standard......

Standard Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk Mitigation Plan for New and Existing Constructed Facilities

ASTM E1057-06(2010) 测算建筑物和建筑系统投资的内在回报率和调整的内在回报率的标准操作规程

The IRR method has been used traditionally in finance and economics to measure the percentage yield on investment. The IRR method is appropriate in most cases for evaluating whether a given building or building system will be economically efficient, that is, whether its time-adjusted benefits will exceed its time-adjusted costs over the period of concern to the decision maker. However, it has deficiencies that limit its usefulness in choosing among projects competing for a limited budget. The AIRR method is a measure of the overall rate of return that an investor can expect from an investment over a designated study period. It is appropriate both for evaluating whether a given building or building system will be economically efficient and for choosing among alternatives competing for a limited budget. The AIRR method overcomes some, but not all, of the deficiencies of the IRR. The AIRR is particularly recommended over the IRR for allocating limited funding among competing projects.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating and interpreting the internal rate of return (IRR) and adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) measures in the evaluation of building designs, systems, and equipment.

Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems

DD 8464-2005 房地产代理服务 - 住宅物业销售 - 提供服务的规范

This Draft for Development specifies requirements in respect of estate agency services for the sale of residential property, including the provision of: — pre-instruction or pre-contract information; — contractual documentation; — service delivery; — post-contract activities. It also includes requirements for the overall management of estate agency services in respect of: — funds management; — advertising and promotions; — liability insurance; — staffing; — client relationship management; — ethical business; — quality policy and service improvement; — conformity declaration. This Draft for Development does not cover: — the recommendation or provision of financial products or other related services associated with the purchase of property; — the provision of services related to commercial or industrial premises, nor to property lettings.

Estate agency services — Residential property sales — Specification for the provision of the service

ASTM E917-05 建筑物和建筑物系统使用期成本测算的标准实施规程

LCC analysis is an economic method for evaluating a project or project alternatives over a designated study period. The method entails computing the LCC for alternative building designs or system specifications having the same purpose and then comparing them to determine which has the lowest LCC over the study period. The LCC method is particularly suitable for determining whether the higher initial cost of a building or building system is economically justified by reductions in future costs (for example, operating, maintenance, repair, or replacement costs) when compared with an alternative that has a lower initial cost but higher future costs. If a building design or system specification has both a lower initial cost and lower future costs relative to an alternative, an LCC analysis is not needed to show that the former is the economically preferable choice. If an investment project is not essential to the building operation (for example, replacement of existing single-pane windows with new double-pane windows), the project must be compared against the “do nothing” alternative (that is, keeping the single pane windows) in order to determine if it is cost effective. Typically the “do nothing” alternative entails no initial investment cost but has higher future costs than the proposed project.1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for evaluating the life-cycle cost (LCC) of a building or building system and comparing the LCCs of alternative building designs or systems that satisfy the same functional requirements.1.2 The LCC method measures, in present-value or annual-value terms, the sum of all relevant costs associated with owning and operating a building or building system over a specified time period.1.3 The basic premise of the LCC method is that to an investor or decision maker all costs arising from an investment decision are potentially important to that decision, including future as well as present costs. Applied to buildings or building systems, the LCC encompasses all relevant costs over a designated study period, including the costs of designing, purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing, operating, maintaining, repairing, replacing, and disposing of a particular building design or system.

Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E2204-05 建筑相关项目经济影响概述的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers a generic format for summarizing the economic impacts of building-related projects.1.2 The guide provides technical persons, analysts, and researchers a tool for communicating project impacts in a condensed format to management and non-technical persons.1.3 The generic format described in this guide calls for a description of the significance of the project, the analysis strategy, a listing of data and assumptions, and a presentation of the key economic measures of project impact.

Standard Guide for Summarizing the Economic Impacts of Building-Related Projects

ASTM E917-05(2010) 建筑物和建筑物系统周期成本测算的标准实施规程

LCC analysis is an economic method for evaluating a project or project alternatives over a designated study period. The method entails computing the LCC for alternative building designs or system specifications having the same purpose and then comparing them to determine which has the lowest LCC over the study period. The LCC method is particularly suitable for determining whether the higher initial cost of a building or building system is economically justified by reductions in future costs (for example, operating, maintenance, repair, or replacement costs) when compared with an alternative that has a lower initial cost but higher future costs. If a building design or system specification has both a lower initial cost and lower future costs relative to an alternative, an LCC analysis is not needed to show that the former is the economically preferable choice. If an investment project is not essential to the building operation (for example, replacement of existing single-pane windows with new double-pane windows), the project must be compared against the “do nothing” alternative (that is, keeping the single pane windows) in order to determine if it is cost effective. Typically the “do nothing” alternative entails no initial investment cost but has higher future costs than the proposed project.1.1 This practice establishes a procedure for evaluating the life-cycle cost (LCC) of a building or building system and comparing the LCCs of alternative building designs or systems that satisfy the same functional requirements. 1.2 The LCC method measures, in present-value or annual-value terms, the sum of all relevant costs associated with owning and operating a building or building system over a specified time period. 1.3 The basic premise of the LCC method is that to an investor or decision maker all costs arising from an investment decision are potentially important to that decision, including future as well as present costs. Applied to buildings or building systems, the LCC encompasses all relevant costs over a designated study period, including the costs of designing, purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing, operating, maintaining, repairing, replacing, and disposing of a particular building design or system.

Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems

ASTM E2204-05e1 建筑相关项目经济影响概述的标准指南

This guide reduces the time and effort to communicate the findings of project impact studies and improves the quality of communication between those who measure economic impacts and those who evaluate and interpret them. Following the guide assures the user that relevant economic information on the project is included in a summary format that is understandable to both the preparer and user. Since the standard guide provides a consistent approach to reporting the economic impacts of projects, it facilitates the comparison of economic studies across projects and over time. The guide focuses on projects in construction and building-related research. It applies to government as well as private projects. And while the examples treat building-related projects, the guide is applicable to non-building-related projects as well. Building-sector users of this guide include building owners and managers, private-sector construction companies, research groups in building and construction industry trade associations, parties to public-sector construction projects, and government laboratories conducting building-related research. Use the guide to summarize the results of economic impact studies that use Practices E 917 (Life-Cycle Costs), E 964 (Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios), E 1057 (Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return), E 1074 (Net Benefits and Net Savings), E 1121 (Payback), E 1699 (Value Analysis), and E 1765 (Analytical Hierarchy Process for Multiattribute Decision Analysis). Use this guide in conjunction with Guide E 1369 to summarize the results of economic impact studies involving natural or man-made hazards, or both, that occur infrequently but have significant consequences. Use the guide to summarize the impacts of projects that affect exclusively initial costs, benefits, or savings, as well as projects that affect life-cycle costs, benefits, or savings. Note 18212;Examples of projects dealing exclusively with initial costs, benefits, or savings include design modifications or innovative construction practices that reduce labor or material costs, reduce construction duration, or increase construction productivity, but leave future costs, benefits, or savings unchanged. Use the guide to summarize the impacts of projects that affect parties that are internal to the organization preparing the summary as well as projects that affect not only the organization preparing the summary but also groups external to the organization. Note 28212;Projects whose impacts are internal only correspond to situations where the organization preparing the summary bears all of the costs and receives all of the benefits or savings, or both, from the project. Examples include, but are not limited to, the use of innovative construction practices or alternative building materials, components, or systems that reduce initial costs or future costs, or both, to the building owner. Note 38212;Projects with a public-sector component frequently have impacts that reach beyond the organization preparing the summary. Examples include, but are not limited to, building-related research conducted by government laboratories, projects aimed at mitigating the consequences of natural or man-made hazards, or both, that have the potential to cause collateral damage, and highway and bridge constructions that affect traffic patterns. There is no limitation to the use of the guide in facilitating communication between project analysts and project managers and other decision makers. Substantial benefi.........

Standard Guide for Summarizing the Economic Impacts of Building-Related Projects