W10 棉纺织综合 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2495-07(2012) 用烘干法测定棉花中水分的标准试验方法

This test method for testing the moisture content of cotton can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of lint cotton provided the between-laboratory bias is known. If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories, or more, comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results are obtained, and assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. Compare the test results from the two laboratories using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. Information on the moisture content of cotton is desirable since the physical properties of cotton are significantly affected by its moisture content. High moisture content increases flexibility, toughness, elongation, and tensile strength. Too high a moisture content causes difficulty in processing due to the tendency of the stock to “lap-up” on drafting rolls. Low moisture, on the other hand, facilitates cleaning but increases the brittleness of the fiber and results in fiber breakage during ginning, cleaning, and mill processing. Low moisture also increases fly waste and may cause manufacturing difficulties due to static electricity. Variations in the amount of moisture present affect the mass and hence the market value of a lot of material sold at a definite price per unit mass. Knowledge of the moisture content or regain can be accordingly an important financial consideration. Moisture content variation affects lap, sliver, and roving linear density which in turn controls yarn number variation. The mass of the oven-dry specimen used in this method is the mass observed after the specimen has been dried in an oven supplied with ambient air. The observed mass is accordingly subject to minor variations as discussed in 3.6.1. These variations, however, are believed to be without significance in commercial transactions.s performing this standard. However, users of this standard should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this standard. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this standard.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of moisture in cotton by oven-drying and is applicable to raw cotton, cotton stock in process, and cotton waste. 1.2 This test method may also, by agreement, be used for determining moisture in blends of cotton with other fibers. 1.3 This test method offers alternative procedures for weighing the dried specimens, one procedure using an oven balance (9.3) and the other using a desiccator (9.4). Note 18212;For other methods of determination of moisture in textile materials refer to Test Method , which includes two options based on drying in an oven, and one option based on distillation with an immiscible solvent: Methods D885, Test Method D1576, Test Method

Standard Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying

ASTM D1447-07(2012)e1 光电测量棉纤维的长度和长度均匀度的标准试验方法

This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlled by the use of the same reference standard cotton samples because the current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable under these conditions. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. Fibrograph measurements provide a relatively fast method for determining the length and length uniformity of the fibers in a sample of cotton in a reproducible manner. Results of the Fibrograph length tests do not necessarily agree with those obtained by other methods for measuring lengths of cotton fibers because of the effect of fiber crimp and other factors. Fibrograph tests are more objective than commercial staple length classifications and also provide additional information on fiber length uniformity of cotton fibers. The cotton quality information provided by these results is used in research studies and quality surveys, in checking commercial staple length classifications, in assembling bales of cotton into uniform lots, and for other purposes. Fibrograph measurements are based on the assumptions that a fiber is caught randomly along its length.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by use of photoelectric measurement. The test method is applicable to fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton (up to card mat) or some types of cotton waste, but not to fibers from blends of cotton with other fibers or to fibers recovered from cotton yarns, fabrics or to 100 % synthetic fibers. 1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by models of the Digital Fibrograph, hereafter referred to as Fibrograph. Note 18212;Instructions for the use of Manual and Servo Fibrograph Models were included in the text of Test Method D1447 in 1971 and previous editions. Note 28212;For other methods covering the measurement of the length of cotton fibers refer to Test Method D1440. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement

ASTM D1440-07 棉花纤维的长度和长度分布的标准试验方法(列阵法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fiber length and length distribution in loose cotton fibers. Note 1For another method for measuring fiber length, see Test Method D 1447.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Cotton Fibers (Array Method)

ASTM D1684-07(2012) 颜色分级用棉花分级室照明的标准实施规程

This practice is useful for establishing and maintaining standard lighting conditions in cotton classing rooms. This permits the classer to make a valid assessment of the color grade of cotton. The cotton classer attempts to classify cotton on the basis of the color the sample and the standard would have in daylight. It is essential that the lighting in a classing room is constant and that it makes the color of cotton appear as nearly as possible as it would in natural daylight. Uniform lighting conditions permit classers to go from one classing room to another without having to make adjustments for wide differences in the amount and quality of lighting.1.1 This practice covers practices in general use in the United States for lighting cotton classing rooms, provides general background information regarding the development and establishment of these practices, and prescribes a test method for appraising the color quality of lamps procured for this purpose. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms for Color Grading

ASTM D1447-07e1 用光电测量棉纤维的长度和长度均匀度的标准试验方法

This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing when the levels of the laboratories are controlled by the use of the same reference standard cotton samples because the current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable under these conditions. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias. Fibrograph measurements provide a relatively fast method for determining the length and length uniformity of the fibers in a sample of cotton in a reproducible manner. Results of the Fibrograph length tests do not necessarily agree with those obtained by other methods for measuring lengths of cotton fibers because of the effect of fiber crimp and other factors. Fibrograph tests are more objective than commercial staple length classifications and also provide additional information on fiber length uniformity of cotton fibers. The cotton quality information provided by these results is used in research studies and quality surveys, in checking commercial staple length classifications, in assembling bales of cotton into uniform lots, and for other purposes. Fibrograph measurements are based on the assumptions that a fiber is caught randomly along its length.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by use of photoelectric measurement. The test method is applicable to fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton (up to card mat) or some types of cotton waste, but not to fibers from blends of cotton with other fibers or to fibers recovered from cotton yarns, fabrics or to 100 % systhetic fibers. 1.2 This test method is especially adapted for determining the length and length uniformity of cotton fibers by models of the Digital Fibrograph, hereafter referred to as Fibrograph. Note 18212;Instructions for the use of Manual and Servo Fibrograph Models were included in the text of Test Method D 1447 in 1971 and previous editions. Note 28212;For other methods covering the measurement of the length of cotton fibers refer to Test Method D 1440. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement

ASTM D3025-07 利用校正棉花标准化棉花纤维试验结果的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers the use of reference standard cottons for the standardization of instruments and techniques used to test cotton fibers in various laboratories.1.2 Standardization may be achieved by application of a correction factor based on the reference standards, or by modification of the technique in use. Note 1When reference standards are used to develop correction factors, or to adjust an operator''s technique, no instrument calibration processes are involved. The term "Calibration" is properly used for the application or assignment of permanent scales or marks to an instrument. Adjustments can be made to specific instruments and accessories such as orifices, metallic strips, or cellophane sheets, in order to obtain the prescribed values with a specific instrument. Since an operator''s technique or the interpretation of a method or procedure is inherently variable, it cannot be calibrated, that is, assigned a permanent, definite value. The use of reference standards, however, affords a means for standardizing techniques and checking the reliability of observed results.1.3 This practice recognizes two types of reference standards: (1) calibration cotton standards (see ) and (2) working cotton standards (see ).1.4 The instructions included in this practice can be used with cotton fibers in any form suitable for testing with the particular instrument to be used.1.5 The instructions in the practice are applicable to cotton fibers but can also be applied to specific blends of cotton and other fibers, or to other fibers that can be tested with the instruments designed for testing cotton fibers. No information is available, however, to show that test procedures standardized with reference cotton samples are equally reliable with various cotton fiber blends or with other fibers.Note 2Standardization procedures covered in this practice are recommended for use with the following: Test Methods D 1440, D 1445, D 1447, and D 1448.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards

ASTM D1464-07 棉花的染色色差的标准试验方法

This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative in nature (see Section 12). The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers. The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.1.1 This test method covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test method is especially applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

FZ/T 10001-2006 气流纱捻度的测定.退捻加捻法

本标准规定了用一次退捻加捻法测定气流纺织纱捻度的方法。 本标准适用于测定气流纺纱的捻度。

Test twist in single open-end yarn by the untwist-retwist method

ASTM D1442-06 棉纤维成熟度的标准试验方法(烧碱膨胀与偏振光法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of mature fibers in a sample of loose, chemically untreated cotton fibers, whether taken before processing or unravelled from a textile product. 1.2 This test method gives two optional procedures for determining maturity, as follows:1.2.1 Procedure 1Sodium Hydroxide Swelling.1.2.2 Procedure 2Polarized Light. For other test methods for the determination of maturity of cotton fibers refer to Test Methods D 1464 and D 2480. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)

ASTM D1441-06 试验用棉纤维取样的标准操作规程

The reliability of the results of any test method depend primarily upon how well the specimens tested represent the original source material. Much time and effort are required, and can justifiably be spent, to be sure that all the sampling operations are at random and are representative. Failure to provide a test specimen which accurately represents the material from which it is drawn will produce misleading test results regardless of the accuracy and precision of the test method.1.1 This practice covers procedures for taking a lot sample, at the source, of cotton fibers and reducing this sample through a series of steps to provide a relatively small test specimen of loose cotton fibers, representative of the source material and suitable for the determination of a single property, or a series of fiber properties, according to established procedures.1.2 This practice has been used extensively for commercial acceptance testing of cotton fibers as well as for arbitration testing and research.1.3 The procedures do not cover the selection of samples for the determination of moisture. Special handling and protection of the sample from the prevailing atmosphere required for samples taken for the determination of moisture are not provided for in this practice. See Test Method D 2495. Note 1This practice is used in taking samples of cotton for testing by Test Methods D 1440, D 1442, D 1445, D 1447, D 1448, D 1464, D 2480, D 2496, and D 2812.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing

BS EN 14278-1:2005 纺织材料.棉纤维粘着性的测定.使用手工热检测设备的方法

Textiles - Determination of cotton fibre stickiness - Method using a manual theromodetection device

ANSI/ASAE S392.2-2005 棉花模件制造者和运输者标准

The purpose of this Standard is to provide uniform equipment size guidelines for manufacturers that produce cotton module builders and transporters. Standardization will allow harvesting equipment, module builders, transporters, and module covers from various manufacturers to be used compatibly throughout the cotton industry and so avoid problems caused by incompatible equipment dimensions. This Standard also promotes consideration of safety in equipment operation and transport, and in the transporting of seed cotton modules on highways.

Cotton Module Builder and Transport Standard

ASTM D5867-05 用大容量仪器测量棉纤维物理性能的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the color, trash content, micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation of cotton fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are a series of instruments connected to single dedicated programmed computers.1.2 These test methods are applicable to loose fibers taken from raw or partially processed cotton and some types of cotton waste.1.3 These test methods contain the following sections:1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This test method covers the comparison of the color of raw cotton with the official standards of the United States Department of Agriculture for Color Grade of cotton by means of a cotton colorimeter of the Nickerson-Hunter type. It can be used to measure the color of any type of raw cotton but is particularly applicable to Upland and American Pima cotton, for which official grade Standards have been established.1.6 The instrument employs the use of a programmable microprocessor with memory for controlling internal operations and performing required calibration, calculation, and data presentation. Note 1For another method describing the measurement of the color of raw cotton, refer to Test Method D 2253.1.7 This test method describes the measurement of the amount of trash as seen by a video camera focused on the surface of a test specimen of cotton pressed against a glass window. Note 2For another method describing the measurement of trash or non-lint content of cotton, refer to Test Method D 2812.1.8 The instrument may be incorporated within the space occupied by and adjacent to the apparatus to measure color of raw cotton (see Sections ), thus permitting simultaneous measurement of color and trash on the same test specimen.1.9 This test method describes the determination of the micronaire of loose cotton by measuring the resistance of a plug of cotton to air flow under prescribed conditions. The instrument employs a programmed microprocessor with memory for controlling internal operation and performing required calibration, adjustments, calculations, and data presentation. For another method describing the determination of micronaire, refer to Test Method D 1448.1.10 The measurement of length and length uniformity is made by outputting a voltage directly proportional to the amount of fiber in the prepared specimen at a given distance from the base of the test beard. The Spinlab system uses a fibrograph-type photo electrical instrument. The Motion Control system uses a length analyzer pneumatic instrument. Note 3For another method describing the measurement of cotton fiber length, refer to Test Method D 1447.1.11 This test method describes the determination of the breaking tenacity and elongation at the breaking force of cotton fibers in a test specimen in which fibers have been placed randomly in a specimen comb or clamp and broken using (3.2-mm) 1/8-in. clamp spacing. In the cotton textile industry, this physical property is usually called "strength". Note 4 For other methods covering the measurement of cotton fiber strength, refer to Test Method D 1445.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments

ASTM D1448-05 棉纤维的马克隆尼读数的标准试验方法

This test method for determining micronaire reading of cotton fibers is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments when the levels are controlled by use of a full range of calibration cotton standards. 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Studentrsquo;t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias. The micronaire reading of cotton fibers is a function of both fineness and maturity and is related to mill processing performance and to the quality of the end products. Factors correlated with micronaire reading include cleaning efficiency, neppiness, and the strength and uniformity of the yarn. Note 28212;A modification of this test method is used in commercial trading to select bales which will conform to contract guarantees for specified micronaire readings. For this purpose, it is usual practice to test only one specimen per sample.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the micronaire reading of loose cotton fibers by measuring the resistance of a plug of cotton fibers to air flow under prescribed conditions. Note 1For other methods for determining the fineness of fibers based on the air-flow principle, refer to Test Method D 1449, Test Method for Specific Area and Immaturity Ratio of Cotton Fibers (Arealometer Method), and to Test Method D 1282, Test Method for Resistance to Air Flow as an Indication of Average Fiber Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers

ASTM D5866-05 对棉纤维中棉结的标准试验方法(AFIS-N仪器)

1.1 This test method covers the quantity and size of neps in cotton using the AFIS-N instrument.1.2 This test method is intended primarily for testing raw and processed cotton fibers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Neps in Cotton Fibers (AFIS-N Instrument)

ASTM D1445-05 棉纤维的断裂强度和伸长率的标准试验方法(扁纤维束法)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of (1) the tensile strength or breaking tenacity of cotton fibers as a flat bundle using a nominal zero gage length, or ( 2) the tensile strength or breaking tenacity and the elongation at the breaking load of cotton fibers as a flat bundle with 1/8-in. (3.2-mm) clamp spacing. This test method is applicable to loose fibers of untreated cottons whether taken before processing or obtained from a textile product.1.2 This test method is designed primarily for use with special fiber bundle clamps and special strength testing instruments but may be used with other tensile strength and elongation testing machines when equipped with appropriate adapters to accommodate the fiber clamps. Other methods for measuring the breaking tenacity of fiber bundles include Test Method D 1294, Test for Breaking Strength of Wool Fiber Bundles-1 in gage Length; and D 5867, Test Method for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments.1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other, without combining values in any way.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)

ASTM D7139-05 棉纤维的标准术语

1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D-13.11 on Cotton Fibers.1.2 This terminology is unique to the Cotton Fibers industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage. 1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D 7139 is also a tool for managing the Subcommittees terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.11.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D 123.

Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers

DIN EN 14278-1:2004 纺织品.棉纤维黏性的测定.第1部分:使用手工热检测设备的方法

Textiles - Determination of cotton fibre stickiness - Part 1: Method using a manual thermodetection device; German version EN 14278-1:2004

DIN EN 14278-3:2004 纺织品.棉纤维黏性的测定.第3部分:使用自动热检波旋转鼓设备的方法

Textiles - Determination of cotton fibre stickiness - Part 3: Method using an automatic thermodetection rotating drum device; German version EN 14278-3:2004

DIN EN 14278-2:2004 纺织品.棉纤维黏性的测定.第2部分:使用自动热检波板设备的方法

Textiles - Determination of cotton fibre stickiness - Part 2: Method using an automatic thermodetection plate device; German version EN 14278-2:2004