Z15 大气环境有毒害物质分析方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7035-04 用感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定空气颗粒物中金属和类金属的标准试验方法

The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals and metalloids. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers’ exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This standard has been promulgated in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for a wide range of metals and metalloids that are used in industry. It will be of benefit to agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers, and so forth. This test method specifies a generic method for determination of the mass concentration of metals and metalloids in workplace air using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Note 28212;For some elements the sampling and sample preparation steps described herein may be used for subsequent analysis by other means, for example, atomic absorption spectrometry or electroanalysis. The analysis results can be used for the assessment of workplace exposures to metals and metalloids in workplace air. Note 38212;Refer to Guide E 1370 for guidance on the development of appropriate exposure assessment and measurement strategies.1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for collection, sample preparation, and analysis of airborne particulate matter for the content of metals and metalloids using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable or respirable fraction of airborne particles and to area sampling.1.3 This method specifies a number of alternative methods for preparing test solutions from samples of airborne particulate matter. One of the specified sample preparation methods is applicable to the measurement of soluble metal or metalloid compounds. Other specified methods are applicable to the measurement of total metals and metalloids.1.4 The following is a non-exclusive list of metals and metalloids for which one or more of the sample dissolution methods specified in this document is applicable. However, there is insufficient information available on the effectiveness of dissolution methods for those elements in italics.1.5 The method is not applicable to the sampling of elemental mercury, or to inorganic compounds of metals and metalloids that are present in the gaseous or vapor state.1.6 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals and Metalloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

KS D ISO 10062:2003 污染气体浓度低的人工大气的腐蚀试验

이 규격은 주어진 온도와 상대 습도 조건에서 피복되거나 피복되지 않은 금속 시험 조각

Corrosion tests in artificial atmosphere at very low concentrations of polluting gas(es)

BS EN 13528-3:2003 环境空气质量.测定气体和蒸气浓度用扩散样品.要求和试验方法.选择、使用和维护指南

This part of the European Standard gives guidance on the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to measure ambient air quality. It includes guidance on measurement objectives and strategies, both in support of European Community Policy and more generally, relevant to the use of such samplers. It also includes information on the operating principles of diffusive samplers and the factors that affect performance in the practical implementation of such policies. Advice is also given on ways to minimise any such adverse effects, e.g. by suggesting shelters that may protect against the effects of wind speed on the samplers, and on training and quality assurance considerations. Annexes give further information on practical applications for particular environmental pollutants, including those specified by existing and anticipated European Daughter Directives.

Ambient air quality - Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and test methods - Guide to selection, use and maintenance

NF X43-288:2003 工作场所大气.暴露于化学和生物制剂的大气环境评定程序的应用和使用指南

Workplace atmospheres - Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents.

DIN EN ISO 16017-2:2003 室内、环境和工作场所空气.用吸附管/热解吸/毛细管气相色谱法对挥发性有机化合物的取样及分析.第2部分:扩散取样

This standard gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air by diffusive sampling. It is applicable to ambient, indoor and workplace atmospheres. This standard is appropriate for the determination of a wide range of VOCs, including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones and alcohols. A number of sorbents are recommended for the sampling of these VOCs, each sorbent having a different range of applicability.#,,#

Indoor, ambient and workplace air - Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography - Part 2: Diffusive sampling (ISO 16017-2:2003); German version EN ISO 16017-2:2003

SAE AIR5455-2003 试验尘埃污染物和颗粒计数器校准的变化对实验室过滤器元件性能和液体清洁度等级的影响

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the impact of the ISO Test Dusts, chosen as replacement contaminants for the Arizona Test Dusts (AC Test Dusts), and the ISO calibration procedure ISO 11171 for automatic particle counters, which replaces the calibration procedure ISO 4402 (1991), on laboratory performance of filter elements utilized in aerospace lubrication, hydraulic and fuel systems, and fluid cleanliness levels determined with automatic particle counters.

Impact of Changes in Test Dust Contaminants and Particle Counter Calibration on Laboratory Filter Element Performance and Fluid Cleanliness Classes

DIN EN 13725:2003 空气质量.用动态气味测定法测定气味浓度

Air quality - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry; German version EN 13725:2003

DIN 53436-5:2003 通风条件下材料热分解产物及其毒物学检验.第5部分:毒性计算方法

In this standard mathematical models are been described, which allow an approximation of the acute inhalation toxicity of smoke gas products on the basis of analytically determined equilibrium concentrations.#,,#

Producing thermal decomposition products from materials in an air stream and their toxicological testing - Part 5: Method to calculate the toxicity

DIN 53436-4:2003 通风条件下材料热分解产物及其毒物学检验.第4部分:液体热分解方法

With this test method given in this standard it is possible to thermicly decompose liquids in an air stream continuously under defined conditions.

Producing thermal decomposition products from materials in an air stream and their toxicological testing - Part 4: Thermal decomposition method for liquids

BS EN ISO 16017-2:2003 室内、环境和工作场所空气.用吸附管/热解吸/毛细管气相色谱法作挥发性有机化合物的取样及分析.扩散取样

ISO 16017-2:2003 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. It is applicable to indoor, ambient and workplace air. ISO 16017-2:2003 is applicable to a wide range of VOCs, including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ester, glycol ethers, ketones and alcohols. A number of sorbents are recommended for the sampling of these VOCs, each sorbent having a different range of applicability. Very polar compounds generally require derivatisation; very low boiling compounds are only partially retained by the sorbents and can only be estimated qualitatively. Semi-volatile compounds are fully retained by the sorbents, but may only be partially recovered. ISO 16017-2:2003 is applicable to the measurement of airborne vapours of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 0,002 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 individual organic for an exposure time of 8 h, or 0,3 g/m3 to 300 g/m3 individual organic for an exposure time of four weeks. The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent used and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent tubes. Artefacts are typically sub-nanogram for well-conditioned Tenax GR and carbonaceous sorbents, carbonized molecular sieves and pure charcoals; at low nanogram levels for Tenax TA and at 5 ng to 50 ng levels for other porous polymers.

Indoor, ambient and workplace air - Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography - Diffusive sampling

BS EN 13725:2003 空气质量.用动态气味测定法测定气味浓度

This European Standard specifies a method for the objective determination of the odour concentration of a gaseous sample using dynamic olfactometry with human assessors and the emission rate of odours emanating from point sources, area sources with outward flow and area sources without outward flow. The primary application is to provide a common basis for evaluation of odour emissions in the member states of the European Union. This European Standard is applicable to the measurement of odour concentration of pure substances, defined mixtures and undefined mixtures of gaseous odorants in air or nitrogen, using dynamic olfactometry with a panel of human assessors being the sensor. The unit of measurement is the European odour unit per cubic metre: ouE/m. The odour concentration is measured by determining the dilution factor required to reach the detection threshold. The odour concentration at the detection threshold is by definition 1 ouE/m. The odour concentration is then expressed in terms of multiples of the detection threshold. The range of measurement is typically from 10 ouE/m to 10 ouE/m (including pre-dilution). The field of application of this European Standard includes: — the measurement of the mass concentration at the detection threshold of pure odorous substances in g/m; — the measurement of the odour concentration of mixtures of odorants in ouE/m; — the measurement of the emission rate of odorous emissions from point sources and surface sources (with and without an outward flow), including pre-dilution during sampling; — the sampling of odorants from emissions of high humidity and temperature (up to 200 ℃); — the determination of effectiveness of end-of-pipe devices used to reduce odour emissions. The characterisation of odour emissions requires detailed measurement of the gas velocity, that shall be performed according to the relevant standards included in the normative references. This European Standard is not applicable to: — the measurement of odours potentially released by particles of odorous solids or droplets of odorous fluids suspended in emissions; — the measuring strategy to be applied in case of variable emission rates; — the measurement of the relationship between odour stimulus and assessor response above detection threshold; — direct measurement of hedonic tone (or (un)pleasantness) or direct assessment of potential annoyance; — field panel methods; — measurement of recognition thresholds; — measurement of identification thresholds. Although the ultimate application of odour measurement is in reducing odour nuisance, the relation between measured thresholds of odour according to this standard and the occurrence of odour nuisance is highly complex. It is profoundly influenced by the atmospheric processes determining the dispersion of odours, the quality of the odour (hedonic tone) and finally by the receptor characteristics of those exposed to the odour. These characteristics not only vary strongly between individuals, but also in time within one individual. The relation between emissions, dispersion, exposure and annoyance is not within the scope of this European Standard.

Air quality - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry

NF X43-240:2003 工作场所空气.空气中内毒素的测定

Workplace atmospheres - Determination of airborne endotoxins.

BS EN 14042:2003 工作场所空气.曝露于化学物质和生物制剂的大气评定程序的应用和使用指南

This European Standard provides guidance on the selection of procedures, and the installation, use and maintenance of devices for the determination of concentrations of chemical or biological agents in workplace atmospheres. This European Standard is based on the guidance given in EN 689 and the requirements of EN 482. Where appropriate, this European Standard specifies additional requirements specific to particular procedures or devices, or classes thereof. It is the user's primary responsibility to choose appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirements of relevant European Standards. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the manufacturer. Type testing, or more generally, the assessment of performance criteria of procedures or devices, can be undertaken by the manufacturer, user, test house or research and development laboratory, as is most appropriate. Although this Standard specifically addresses workplace air, many of the procedures or devices are also relevant to the assessment of air quality in ambient or indoor air. Specific guides exist for electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres (EN 45544-4) and for diffusive samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in ambient air (prEN 13528-3).

Workplace atmospheres. Guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents

BS EN 14031:2003 工作场所大气.空气中内毒素的测定

This European Standard provides guidelines for the assessment of workplace exposure to airborne bacterial endotoxins. The standard provides methods for sampling, transportation, and storage of samples and determination of endotoxins.

Workplace atmospheres - Determination of airborne endotoxins

NF X15-115:2003 空气湿度的测量.电解湿度计.特性

Measurement of air moisture - Electrolytic hygrometers - Characteristics.

ISO 15767:2003 工作场所大气.称重采集的气溶胶的控制和表征错误

This International Standard provides recommendations for controlling the analytical uncertainty associated with aerosol collection medium instability, where collection medium or substrate includes any article used to collect particles (e.g. filter or foam material) as well as those supporting elements which must be analysed by weighing. This International Standard is applicable to results compiled both from the literature and, if necessary and feasible, through laboratory experiment. Expected errors associated with given aerosol capture methods are quantified where possible. Recommendations as to materials to be used are given. Means of controlling or correcting errors arising from instability are provided. Recommendations for the weighing procedure are given. A procedure for estimating weighing errors is described. Finally, recommendations are given for the reporting of measured masses.

Workplace atmospheres - Controlling and characterizing errors in weighing collected aerosols

ISO 9096:2003 固定源排放.颗粒物质量浓度的手动测定

This International Standard describes a reference method for the measurement of participate matter (dust) concentration in waste gases of concentrations from 20 mg/m to 1000 mg/m under standard conditions. This International Standard is applicable to the calibration of automated monitoring systems (AMS). If the emission gas contains unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement will depend on the filtration temperature. In-stack methods may be more applicable than out-stack methods for the calibration of automated monitoring systems.

Stationary source emissions - Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter

ASTM D6877-03 排放到工作场所中的柴油粒子监测的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of organic and elemental carbon in the particulate fraction of diesel engine exhaust, hereafter referred to as diesel particulate matter (DPM). Samples of workplace atmospheres are collected on quartz-fiber filters. The method also is suitable for other types of carbonaceous aerosols, but it is not appropriate for sampling volatile or semi-volatile components. These components require sorbents for efficient collection.Note 18212;Sample collection and handling procedures for environmental samples differ from occupational samples. This standard addresses occupational monitoring of DPM in workplaces where diesel-powered equipment is used.1.2 The method is based on a thermal-optical technique (1, 2). Speciation of organic and elemental carbon is achieved through temperature and atmosphere control, and an optical feature that corrects for sample charring.1.3 A portion of a 37-mm, quartz-fiber filter sample is analyzed. Results for the portion are used to calculate the total mass of organic and elemental carbon on the filter. The portion must be representative of the entire filter deposit. If the deposit is uneven, two or more representative portions should be analyzed for an average. Open-faced cassettes give even deposits but are often not practical. Closed-face cassettes give equivalent results if other dusts are absent. Other samplers may be required, depending on the sampling environment (2-5).1.4 The calculated limit of detection ( LOD) depends on the level of contamination of the media blanks (). A LOD of approximately 0.2 g carbon per cm2 of filter was estimated when analyzing a sucrose standard solution applied to filter portions cleaned immediately before analysis. LODs based on media blanks stored after cleaning are usually higher. LODs based on a set of media blanks from a commercial laboratory were OC = 1.2 g/cm2, EC = 0.4 g/cm2, and TC = 1.3 g/cm 2, where OC, EC, and TC refer to organic, elemental, and total carbon, respectively.1.5 OC-EC methods are operational, which means the analytical procedure defines the analyte. The test method offers greater selectivity and precision than thermal techniques that do not correct for charring of organic components. The analysis method is simple and relatively quick (about 15 min). The analysis and data reduction are automated, and the instrument is programmable (different methods can be saved as methods for other applications).1.6 A method (5040) for DPM based on thermal-optical analysis has been published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Method updates (3, 4) have been published since its initial (1996) publication in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). Both OC and EC are determined by NMAM 5040. An EC exposure marker was recommended because EC is a more selective measure of exposure. A comprehensive review of the method and rationale for selection of an EC marker are provided in a recent Chapter of NMAM (5).1.7 The thermal-optical instrument required for the analysis is manufactured by a private laboratory. As with most instrumentation, design improvements continue to be made. Different laboratories may be using different instrument models.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.1......

Standard Test Method for Monitoring Diesel Particulate Exhaust in the Workplace

ASTM D6966-03 金属连续测定用擦拭取样法选定的沉降粉尘样品的收集用标准实施规程

This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of target metals. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. This practice is recommended for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces. This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Collection efficiency for metals such as lead from smooth, hard surfaces has been found to exceed 75 % (E 1792).1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust on surfaces using the wipe sampling method. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of target metals in the wipes using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry.1.2 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Metals

ASTM E2267-03 独户附联式和独立式住宅性能规定和评价用标准指南.室内空气质量

1.1 This guide contains suggested performance statements for single family residential buildings (attached and detached) that address indoor air quality performance including indoor air pollution and thermal comfort. These performance statements are not presented as proposed requirements, but are written in permissive language as suggestions that can be used in developing specifications to satisfy user needs.1.2 This standard guide does not address other aspects of the indoor environment such as lighting and acoustics.1.3 Performance statements addressing building ventilation and ventilation rates are also included in the standard, since it is premature to base performance only on indoor air pollution, that is, airborne contaminant concentrations. When health authorities have established contaminant concentration limits for residential environments, it may be possible to define indoor air quality performance in terms of contaminant concentrations rather than ventilation.1.4 This standard guide is one in a series of guides containing performance statements for residential buildings that are intended for use in the procurement, specification and evaluation of one- and two-family dwellings. These companion standard guides include those noted in the Introduction above.1.5 This standard guide also addresses a number of residential indoor air quality issues that can not be expressed as performance statements at this time. However, they are important enough to include in this guide to at least raise the awareness of those involved in the process of procurement, specification and evaluation. These issues are addressed in .1.6 This standard guide does not include site planning objectives. However, certain issues addressing the relationship of building to site have been covered, and it is important that these few objectives not be construed as a comprehensive site specification.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings-Indoor Air Quality