Z15 大气环境有毒害物质分析方法 标准查询与下载

DIN-Fachbericht 128:2003 工作场所气候及环境.气候探查基本原则

Climate in the workplace and its environment - Basic principles for the ascertainment of climate

ASTM D6877-03(2008) 排放到工作场所中的柴油粒子监测的标准试验方法

The test method supports proposed, occupational exposure standards (6, 7) for DPM. In the United States alone, over a million workers are occupationally exposed (8). An exposure standard for mines is especially important because miners'' exposures are often quite high. NIOSH (8), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (9) (IARC), the World Health Organization (10) (WHO), the California Environmental Protection Agency (11), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (12) (EPA), and the National Toxicology Program (13) have reviewed the animal and human evidence. All have classified diesel exhaust as a probable human carcinogen or similar designation. The test method provides a measure of occupational exposure to DPM. Previous studies have produced equivocal results because exposure data are lacking. Given the economic and public health impact of epidemiological studies, accurate risk assessment is critical. An ongoing NIOSH/NCI study of miners exposed to diesel exhaust should provide a more quantitative estimate of the lung cancer risk. The test method was used for exposure monitoring. Since publication (in 1996) as NMAM 5040, the method has been routinely used for occupational monitoring (5). The test method supports a proposed EPA air standard for fine particulate carbon. Recent studies indicate a positive association between airborne levels of fine particles and respiratory illness and mortality (14-22). The test method and others have been used for EPA air monitoring networks and air pollution studies. Because different methods produce different results, method standardization is essential for regulatory compliance determinations and valid comparisons of interlaboratory data. The test method is being applied for emission-control testing.1.1 This test method covers determination of organic and elemental carbon in the particulate fraction of diesel engine exhaust, hereafter referred to as diesel particulate matter (DPM). Samples of workplace atmospheres are collected on quartz-fiber filters. The method also is suitable for other types of carbonaceous aerosols, but it is not appropriate for sampling volatile or semi-volatile components. These components require sorbents for efficient collection. Note 18212;Sample collection and handling procedures for environmental samples differ from occupational samples. This standard addresses occupational monitoring of DPM in workplaces where diesel-powered equipment is used. 1.2 The method is based on a thermal-optical technique (1, 2) . Speciation of organic and elemental carbon is achieved through temperature and atmosphere control, and an optical feature that corrects for sample charring. 1.3 A portion of a 37-mm, quartz-fiber filter sample is analyzed. Results for the portion are used to calculate the total mass of organic and elemental carbon on the filter. The portion must be representative of the entire filter deposit. If the deposit is uneven, two or more representative portions should be analyzed for an average. Open-faced cassettes give even deposits but are often not practical. Closed-face cassettes give equivalent results if other dusts are absent. Other samplers may be required, depending on the sampling environment (2-5). 1.4 The calculated limit of detection (LOD) depends on the level of contamination of the media blanks (

Standard Test Method for Monitoring Diesel Particulate Exhaust in the Workplace

ASTM E1728-03 连续铅含量测定的擦拭取样法用积尘样品收集的标准实施规范

This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples in and around buildings and related structures for the subsequent determination of lead content in a manner consistent with that described in the HUD Guidelines4 and 40 CFR 745.63 (EPA 403 Rule). The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard assessment, risk assessment, and other purposes. Use of different pressures applied to the sampled surface along with the use of different wiping patterns contribute to collection variability. Thus, the sampling result can vary between operators performing collection from identical surfaces as a result of collection variables. Collection for any group of sampling locations at a given sampling site is best when limited to a single operator. This practice is recommended for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth, nonporous surfaces. This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting.1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust on surfaces using the wipe sampling method. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry or electroanalysis.1.2 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance, lead hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination

ASTM D4599-03 用锈蚀长度计量计测定有毒气体或蒸气浓度的标准实施规程

The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits. This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000. A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Annex A1 with current Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (2) and typical measurement ranges for the selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturerrsquo;specifications. This practice may be used for either personal or area monitoring.1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete. 1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters

ASTM D4765-03 工作场所大气中氟化物的标准测试方法

The capability of this test method to collect and quantitate both particulate and gaseous fluorides over the ranges normally encountered in industrial atmospheres makes it applicable for industrial hygiene evaluation and control purposes. The recommended range of this test method is from 0.005 to 5 mg F−/m3 air.1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous collection and separate measurements of gaseous and particulate fluoride found in certain industrial workplaces. The gaseous inorganic fluorides collected are reported in terms of fluoride; the procedure is not applicable to the collection or analysis of other fluoride-bearing gases (for example, fluorocarbon or fluorosulfur compounds). This test method covers sample collection, preparation, and fluoride measurement.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres

BS ISO 14966:2002 环境空气.无机纤维颗粒的数值浓度的测定.扫描电子显微镜检查法

This International Standard specifies a method using scanning electron microscopy for determination of the concentration of inorganic fibrous particles in the air. The method specifies the use of gold-coated, capillary-pore, track-etched membrane filters, through which a known volume of air has been drawn. Using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the method can discriminate between fibres with compositions consistent with those of the asbestos varieties (e.g. serpentine and amphibole), gypsum, and other inorganic fibres. Annex C provides a summary of fibre types which can be measured. This International Standard is applicable to the measurement of the concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in ambient air. The method is also applicable for determining the numerical concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in the interior atmospheres of buildings, for example to determine the concentration of airborne inorganic fibrous particles remaining after the removal of asbestos-containing products. The range of concentrations for fibres with lengths greater than 5 μm, in the range of widths which can be detected under standard measurement conditions (see 6.2), is approximately 3 fibres to 200 fibres per square millimetre of filter area. The air concentrations, in fibres per cubic metre, represented by these values are a function of the volume of air sampled. NOTE The ability of the method to detect and classify fibres with widths lower than 0,2 μm is limited. If airborne fibres in the atmosphere being sampled are predominantly < 0,2 μm in width, a transmission electron microscopy method such as ISO 10312 can be used to determine the smaller fibres.

Ambient air - Determination of numerical concentration of inorganic fibrous particles - Scanning electron microscopy method

DIN ISO 11222:2002 空气质量.空气质量测量时间平均值不确定度测定

This International Standard provides a method for the quantification of the uncertainty of a time average of a set of air quality data obtained at a specified location over a defined averaging time period. The air quality data may have been obtained by continuous or intermittent monitoring. The uncertainty of the time average depends on both the uncertainty of the measurement results and the uncertainty due to incomplete time coverage of the data set. The set of air quality data shall be representative of the temporal structure of the measurand. Information on the uncertainty of the measurement results shall be available. The influence of limited spatial coverage of data set on the uncertainty of the time average is not considered.

Air quality - Determination of the uncertainty of the time average of air quality measurements (ISO 11222:2002)

ISO 14966:2002 环境空气.无机纤维颗粒的数值浓度的测定.扫描电子显微镜检查法

This International Standard specifies a method using scanning electron microscopy for determination of the concentration of inorganic fibrous particles in the air. The method specifies the use of gold-coated, capillary-pore, track-etched membrane filters, through which a known volume of air has been drawn. Using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the method can discriminate between fibres with compositions consistent with those of the asbestos varieties (e.g. serpentine and amphibole), gypsum, and other inorganic fibres. Annex C provides a summary of fibre types which can be measured. This International Standard is applicable to the measurement of the concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in ambient air. The method is also applicable for determining the numerical concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in the interior atmospheres of buildings, for example to determine the concentration of airborne inorganic fibrous particles remaining after the removal of asbestos-containing products. The range of concentrations for fibres with lengths greater than 5 μm, in the range of widths which can be detected under standard measurement conditions (see 6.2), is approximately 3 fibres to 200 fibres per square millimetre of filter area. The air concentrations, in fibres per cubic metre, represented by these values are a function of the volume of air sampled. NOTE The ability of the method to detect and classify fibres with widths lower than 0,2 μm is limited. If airborne fibres in the atmosphere being sampled are predominantly < 0,2 μm in width, a transmission electron microscopy method such as ISO 10312 can be used to determine the smaller fibres.

Ambient air - Determination of numerical concentration of inorganic fibrous particles - Scanning electron microscopy method

ISO 12141:2002 固定污染源的排放.在低浓度时颗粒物质(粉尘)的质量浓度的测定.手工重量分析法

This International Standard describes a reference method for the measurement of low dust content in ducted gaseous streams at concentrations below 50 mg/m under standard conditions. This method has been validated with special emphasis on the region around 5 mg/m. This International Standard has been developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators. More generally, it may be applied to emissions from other stationary sources, and to higher concentrations. If the gases contain unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement will depend on the sampling and filter treatment conditions.

Stationary source emissions - Determination of mass concentration of particulate matter (dust) at low concentrations - Manual gravimetric method

BS EN 13528-1:2002 环境空气质量.测定气体和蒸汽浓缩度的扩散样品.要求和试验方法.一般要求

This European Standard specifies general performance requirements for diffusive samplers used for the determination of the concentration of gases and vapours in ambient air. Such requirements apply to all diffusive samplers, irrespective of the physical nature of the rate controlling process and irrespective of the nature of the sorption process and the analytical determination. This standard applies to all stages of the measuring procedure, including deployment, transportation and storage of the sample where appropriate. This standard applies to measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis stages, and also to directreading devices.

Ambient air quality - Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and test methods - General requirements

BS EN 13528-2:2002 环境空气质量.测定气体和蒸汽浓缩度的扩散样品.要求和试验方法.特殊要求和试验方法

This European Standard specifies specific performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory and field conditions for diffusive samplers used for the determination of the concentration of gases or vapours in ambient air. Such requirements apply to all diffusive samplers, irrespective of the physical nature of the rate-controlling process and irrespective of the nature of the sorption process and the analytical determination. This standard applies to all stages of the measuring procedure, including transportation and storage of the sample where appropriate. This standard applies to measuring procedures with separate sampling and analysis stages, and also to directreading devices. This European Standard is applicable to diffusive samplers according to 3.6 of EN 13528-1:2002. This European Standard should enable manufacturers and users of diffusive samplers to adopt a consistent approach to sampler validation and provide a framework for the assessment of sampler performance against criteria specified in EN 13528-1. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer or of those who assemble the diffusive samplers to ensure that the sampler complies with the data quality objectives given in this European Standard. For the purpose of demonstrating compliance with data quality objectives prescribed for methods to be used in support of the Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management, this part of EN 13528 provides the relevant requirements and test methods for the determination of measurement uncertainty. As indicated in 6.5.2 to 6.5.4, some of these procedures are to be undertaken by a single representative laboratory, some by several laboratories in an interlaboratory trial, and some by the laboratory implementing the method. This division of responsibility is in accordance with Table 1 of CEN Report CR 14377:2002 [3]. Where only one laboratory is involved in establishing the performance characteristics of a method, as in a manufacturer’s assessment, the reproducibility elements of the uncertainty budget shall be estimated under withinlaboratory reproducibility conditions, i.e. by performing the relevant experiments independently, as far as reasonably practicable. This type of assessment is identified as level 2 (see clause 8). This standard can encourage the development of new types of diffusive sampler. Prior to conducting a full evaluation according to this standard, it would be useful to conduct laboratory or field intercomparisons with established samplers. These intercomparisons should be conducted by experienced institutes.

Ambient air quality - Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours - Requirements and test methods - Specific requirements and test methods

NF X15-140:2002 空气湿度的测量.气候实验室和恒温室.特征显现和验证

Measurement of air moisture - Climatic and thermostatic chambers - Characterisation and verification

BS EN ISO 14956:2002 空气质量.用测量不确定度比较法对测量规程适用性进行评价

This International Standard specifies, for the field of air quality measurement procedures, the: estimation of measurement uncertainty from actual or claimed values of all important performance characteristics of a method under stationary conditions; assessment of whether or not specified values for these performance characteristics comply with the required quality of a measured value at a stated measurand value; evaluation of the applicability of the measurement method based on laboratory performance and confirmatory field test; establishment of requirements on dynamic behaviour of instruments. This International Standard is applicable to measurement procedures whose output is a defined time average.

Air quality. Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty

ISO 14956:2002 空气质量.与规定的测量不确定度的比较评价测量程序的适用性

This International Standard specifies, for the field of air quality measurement procedures, the: — estimation of measurement uncertainty from actual or claimed values of all important performance characteristics of a method under stationary conditions; — assessment of whether or not specified values for these performance characteristics comply with the required quality of a measured value at a stated measurand value; — evaluation of the applicability of the measurement method based on laboratory performance and confirmatory field test; — establishment of requirements on dynamic behaviour of instruments. This International Standard is applicable to measurement procedures whose output is a defined time average.

Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty

ISO 11222:2002 空气质量.空气质量测量的时间平均值不确定性的测定

This International Standard provides a method for the quantification of the uncertainty of a time average of a set of air quality data obtained at a specified location over a defined averaging time period. The method is applicable to air quality data obtained by continuous or intermittent monitoring by means of a specified measuring system. The uncertainty of the time average depends on both the uncertainty of the measurement results and the uncertainty due to incomplete time coverage of the data set. This International Standard is only applicable if: a) the set of air quality data used to calculate the time average is representative of the temporal structure of the measurand over the defined time period, b) appropriate information on the uncertainty of the measurement results is available, and c) the measurement results have all been obtained at the same location. This International Standard implements recommendations of the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM).

Air quality - Determination of the uncertainty of the time average of air quality measurements

NF X43-333-1:2002 固定源辐射.粉尘的小范围质量浓度的测定.第1部分:人工重量分析法

Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part 1 : manual gravimetric method.

DIN EN 50292:2002 家庭居室一氧化碳检测用电气设备.选择、安装、使用和维修指南; 德文版本 EN 50292:2001

Electrical apparatus for the detection of carbon monoxide in domestic premises - Guide on the selection, installation, use and maintainance; German version EN 50292:2001

BS EN 13205:2002 工作场所环境.空气中粒子浓度测量用仪器的性能评定

Workplace atmospheres - Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations

ASTM D5955-02(2007) 基于粒子紫外线吸收法（UVPM）和粒子荧光吸收法（FPM）评估环境烟草烟雾对可吸入悬浮颗粒物影响的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods pertain to the sampling/analysis of respirable suspended particles (RSP) and the estimation of the RSP fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). These test methods are based on collection of total RSP on a membrane filter, extracting the collected material in methanol, and measuring total ultraviolet absorbance or fluorescence, or both, of this extract. The corresponding methods of estimation are termed ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM) and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM), respectively.1.2 These test methods are compatible with, but do not require the determination of solanesol, which is also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to RSP (see Test Method D 6271).1.3 The sampling components consist of a preweighed, 1.0-m pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter in a filter cassette connected on the inlet end to a particle size separating device and, on the outlet end, to a sampling pump. These test methods are applicable to personal and area sampling.1.4 These test methods are limited in sample duration only by the capacity of the membrane filter (about 2000 g). These test methods have been evaluated up to a 24-h sample duration with a minimum sample duration of at least 1 h.1.5 Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for the UVPM test method at a sampling rate of 2 L/min are, respectively, 2.5 g/m3 and 8.3 g/m3 for a 1-h sample duration and 0.3 g/m3 and 1.0 g/m3 for an 8-h sample duration. The LOD and LOQ for the FPM test method at a sampling rate of 2 L/min are, respectively, 1.4 g/m3 and 4.7 g/m3 for a 1-h sample duration and 0.2 g/m3 and 0.6 g/m 3 for an 8-h sample duration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6.

Standard Test Methods for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on UVPM and FPM

ASTM D5015-02(2008) 大气湿沉积物的样品中PH值的电子测试方法

The accurate measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition is an essential and critically important component in the monitoring of atmospheric wet deposition for trends in the acidity and overall air quality. Atmospheric wet deposition is, in general, a low ionic strength, unbuffered solution. Special precautions, as detailed in this test method, are necessary to ensure accurate pH measurements (1). Special emphasis must be placed on minimizing the effect of the residual liquid junction potential bias. This test method is applicable only to the measurement of pH in atmospheric wet deposition. Its use in other applications may result in inaccuracies. Fig. 1 provides a frequency distribution of precipitation pH values measured in conjunction with a national monitoring program within the United States. These data are an indication of the range of pH values common to atmospheric wet deposition. FIG. 1 Frequency Distribution of Measured Laboratory pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition From the 1984 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network (NTN)1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of pH in atmospheric wet deposition samples by electrometric measurement using either a pH half cell with a reference probe or a combination electrode as the sensor. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Atmospheric Wet Deposition Samples by Electrometric Determination