Z15 大气环境有毒害物质分析方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5149-95 大气臭氧浓度的标准试验方法:化学发光乙烯的连续测量

1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuous analysis of the ozone content of the atmosphere at concentrations of 20 to 2000 [mu]g of ozone/m3 (10 ppb (v) to 1 ppm (v)). 1.2 This test method is limited in application by its sensitivity to interferences as described below. This test method is not suitable for personal sampling because of instrument size and sensitivity to vibration and ambient temperature. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific precautionary statements are presented in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Ozone in the Atmosphere: Continuous Measurement by Ethylene Chemiluminescence

ASTM D5835-95(2001) 气体浓度自动测定用固定源排放取样的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment that will permit, within certain limits, representative sampling for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams. The application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx).1.2 Velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases. This is not included in this practice.1.3 There are some combustion processes and situations that may limit the applicability of this practice. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following:1.3.1 Corrosive or highly reactive components,1.3.2 High vacuum, high pressure, or high temperature gas streams,1.3.3 Wet flue gases,1.3.4 Fluctuations in velocity, temperature, or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process,1.3.5 Gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams,1.3.6 Measurements made using environmental control devices, and1.3.7 Low levels of gas concentrations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautions, refer to 5.1.4.8, 5.2.1.6, and 6.2.2.1.

Standard Practice for Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for the Automated Determination of Gas Concentrations

ASTM D5835-95 气体浓度自动测定用固定源排放取样的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment that will permit, within certain limits, representative sampling for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams. The application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx).1.2 Velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases. This is not included in this practice.1.3 There are some combustion processes and situations that may limit the applicability of this practice. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following:1.3.1 Corrosive or highly reactive components,1.3.2 High vacuum, high pressure, or high temperature gas streams,1.3.3 Wet flue gases,1.3.4 Fluctuations in velocity, temperature, or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process,1.3.5 Gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams,1.3.6 Measurements made using environmental control devices, and1.3.7 Low levels of gas concentrations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautions, refer to 5.1.4.8, 5.2.1.6, and 6.2.2.1.

Standard Practice for Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for the Automated Determination of Gas Concentrations

ASTM D1914-95(2010) 大气取样和分析的相关换算单位和系数的标准实施规程

ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement. does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements . The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979. The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system. Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities. 1.2 This practice is used together with , which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.

Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

ASTM D4600-95(2010) 工作场所大气中苯可溶颗粒物质测定的标准试验方法

This test method provides a means of evaluating exposures to benzene-soluble particulate matter in a concentration range that can be related to occupational exposures.1.1 This test method describes the sampling and gravimetric determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has become airborne as a result of certain industrial processes. This test method can be used to determine the total weight of benzene-soluble materials and to provide a sample that may be used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble components. 1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m3 by sampling a 1-m3 volume of air. Note 18212;Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be desirable, the substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on benzene-soluble determinations has been accumulated over many years in several industries. Some of the determinations have been used in epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in existing federal standards. As a result, it appears imprudent to use a different solvent until the qualitative and quantitative relationship of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established. With proper care, benzene can be safely used in the laboratory. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene-Soluble Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres

ASTM D5791-95(2017) 建筑物中室内空气质量研究用概率取样法的标准指南

5.1 Studies of indoor air problems are often iterative in nature. A thorough engineering evaluation of a building (1-4)3 is sometimes sufficient to identify likely causes of indoor air problems. When these investigations and subsequent remedial measures are not sufficient to solve a problem, more intensive investigations may be necessary. 5.2 This guide provides the basis for determining when probability sampling methods are needed to achieve statistically defensible inferences regarding the goals of a study of indoor air quality. The need for probability sampling methods in a study of indoor air quality depends on the specific objectives of the study. Such methods may be needed to select a sample of people to be asked questions, examined medically, or monitored for personal exposures. They may also be needed to select a sample of locations in space and time to be monitored for environmental contaminants. 5.3 This guide identifies several potential obstacles to proper implementation of probability sampling methods in studies of indoor air quality in buildings and presents procedures that overcome those obstacles or at least minimize their impact. 5.4 Although this guide specifically addresses sampling people or locations across time within a building, it also provides important guidance for studying populations of buildings. The guidance in this document is fully applicable to sampling locations to determine environmental quality or sampling people to determine environmental effects within each building in the sample selected from a larger population of buildings. 1.1 This guide covers criteria for determining when probability sampling methods should be used to select locations for placement of environmental monitoring equipment in a building or to select a sample of building occupants for questionnaire administration for a study of indoor air quality. Some of the basic probability sampling methods that are applicable for these types of studies are introduced. 1.2 Probability sampling refers to statistical sampling methods that select units for observation with known probabilities (including probabilities equal to one for a census) so that statistically defensible inferences are supported from the sample to the entire population of units that had a positive probability of being selected into the sample. 1.3 This guide describes those situations in which probability sampling methods are needed for a scientific study of the indoor air quality in a building. For those situations for which probability sampling methods are recommended, guidance is provided on how to implement probability sampling methods, including obstacles that may arise. Examples of their application are provided for selected situations. Because some indoor air quality investigations may require application of complex, multistage, survey sampling procedures and because this standard is a guide rather than a practice, the references in Appendix X......

Standard Guide for Using Probability Sampling Methods in Studies of Indoor Air Quality in Buildings

BS 1747-13:1994 空气污染测量方法 过滤器收集的气溶胶中颗粒物铅含量的测定：原子吸收光谱法

Deposits greater than 1$Gm, with an option for those less than 1$Gm.

Methods for measurement of air pollution. Determination of the particulate lead content of aerosols collected on filters: atomic absorption spectrometric method

ISO 8756:1994 空气质量 温度、压力和湿度的数据处理

Describes procedures for adjusting air quality measurements for changes in temperature, pressure and humidity during the sampling period. Specifies the reference conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity to be used when reporting the results. The procedures and reference conditions are applicable to air quality measurement methods and apply to measurements made in ambient and workplace atmospheres and to the measurement of stationary source emissions.

Air quality; handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data

ASTM D3162-94(2005) 大气中一氧化碳的标准试验方法(用非扩散的红外光谱测定法进行连续测量)

Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution complexes. This test method derives significance from providing such determination. Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4). This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m 3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 m region (1).1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section for additional precautions.

Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

BS 1747-12:1993 空气污染测量方法 环境空气中臭氧质量浓度的测定：化学发光法

Gives a method for continuous or daily measurement of ozone in the range 2Gmg/m3 to 10 mg/m3.

Methods for measurement of air pollution. Determination of the mass concentration of ozone in ambient air: chemiluminescence method

ISO 9855:1993 环境空气 滤器上采集的铅颗粒的测定 原子吸收光谱法

The principle of the method specified is based on digesting with acid the particulate material collected on a filter, solubilizing any lead present und analysing the sample solution by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The method is applicable to ambient air samples with particulate lead contents, such that the amount of deposited particulate lead collected on the filter is greater than 1 鎔 if flame AAS is used. Final determination by graphite furnace AAS allows measurement of quantities of less than 1 鎔, but is only applicable after experimental validation of detection limits.

Ambient air; determination of the particulate lead content of aerosols collected on filters; atomic absorption spectrometric method

BS 1747-11:1993 空气污染测量方法 环境空气中黑烟指数的测定

Gives a reflectance method for continuous or daily measurement of the black smoke index in the range 6 to 375.

Methods for measurement of air pollution. Determination of a black smoke index in ambient air

BS 6069-4.4:1993 空气质量的表征 固定源排放 二氧化硫质量浓度的测定 自动测量方法的性能特征

Specifies a set of values of performance characteristics applicable to the continuous measurement, by extractive or non-extractive methods of gas concentrations of sulfur dioxide up to 8 mg/m3.

Characterization of air quality. Stationary source emissions. Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide. Performance characteristics of automated measuring methods

ISO 9835:1993 环境空气 黑烟指数的测定

Specifies a method for measuring the black smoke index of an ambient air sample based on the staining effect of particles which is produced when a sample of air is drawn through a filter paper. Annex A describes conversion of absorption coefficient to traditional black smoke units.

Ambient air; determination of a black smoke index

ISO 8672:1993 空气质量 用相差光学显微镜法测定空气无机纤维浓度 滤膜法

The principle of the method specified is collecting a sample by drawing a measured quantity of air through a membrane filter by means of a battery-powered sampling pump, transforming the filter from an opaque membrane into a homogeneous optically transparent specimen, sizing and counting the fibres using a phase contrast microscope. The results are expressed as fibres per cubic centimetre of air, calculated from the number of fibres on the filter and the measured volume of air sampled. Limitations of the method are stated.

Air quality; determination of the number concentration of airborne inorganic fibres by phase contrast optical microscopy; membrane filter method

ASTM E1583-93 从事测定建筑物及有关结构中及周围土壤、空气微粒、尘埃和涂料中铅含量的实验室评定标准规范

Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in the Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures

ISO 9096:1992 固定污染源的排放.气载尘埃颗粒流量和浓度的测定.人工重力法

Stationary source emissions; determination of concentration and mass flow rate of particulate material in gas-carrying ducts; manual gravimetric method

ASTM F50-92(1996) 使用能检测单个亚测微计及较大粒子的仪器在控制尘埃区域及无菌区中连续测定空气中悬浮粒子的大小及计数

1.1 This practice covers the determination of the particle concentration, by number, and the size distribution of airborne particles in dust-controlled areas and clean rooms, for particles in the size range of approximately 0.01 to 5.0 [mu]m. Particle concentrations not exceeding 3.5 X 106 particles/m3 (100 000/ft3) are covered for all particles equal to and larger than the minimum size measured. 1.2 This practice uses an airborne single particle counting device (SPC) whose operation is based on measuring the signal produced by an individual particle passing through the sensing zone. The signal must be directly or indirectly related to particle size. Note 1-The SPC type is not specified here. The SPC can be a conventional optical particle counter (OPC), an aerodynamic particle sizer, a condensation nucleus counter (CNC) operating in conjunction with a diffusion battery or differential mobility analyzer, or any other device capable of counting and sizing single particles in the size range of concern and of sampling in a cleanroom environment. 1.3 Individuals performing tests in accordance with this practice shall be trained in use of the SPC and shall understand its operation. 1.4 Since the concentration and the particle size distribution of airborne particles are subject to continuous variations, the choice of sampling probe configuration, locations and sampling times will affect sampling results. Further, the differences in the physical measurement, electronic and sample handling systems between the various SPCs and the differences in physical properties of the various particles being measured can contribute to variations in the test results. These differences should be recognized and minimized by using a standard method of primary calibration and by minimizing variability of sample acquisition procedures. 1.5 Sample acquisition procedures and equipment may be selected for specific applications based on varying cleanroom class levels. Firm requirements for these selections are beyond the scope of this practice; however, sampling practices shall be stated that take into account potential spatial and statistical variations of suspended particles in clean rooms. Note 2-General references to cleanroom classifications follow Federal Standard 209, latest revision. Where airborne particles are to be characterized in dust-controlled areas that do not meet these classifications, the latest revision of the pertinent specification for these areas shall be used. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.

Standard Practice for Continuous Sizing and Counting of Airborne Particles in Dust-Controlled Areas and Clean Rooms Using Instruments Capable of Detecting Single Sub-Micrometre and Larger Particles

ANSI/ASTM D4323:1992 通过反射系数变化率对空气中硫化氢的试验方法

Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

ASTM F50-92(2001)e1 使用能检测单个亚测微计及较大粒子的仪器在控制尘埃区域及无菌区中连续测定空气中悬浮粒子的大小及计数

The primary purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for collecting near real-time data on airborne particle concentration and size distribution in clean areas as indicated by single particle counting techniques. Implementation of some government and industry specifications requires acquisition of particle size and concentration data using an SPC. The processing requirements of many products manufactured in a clean room involves environmental cleanliness levels so low that a single particle counter with capability for detecting very small particles is required to characterize clean room air. Real-time information on concentration of airborne particles in size ranges from less than 0.1 μm to 5 μm and greater can be obtained only with an SPC. Definition of particles larger than approximately 0.05 μm may be carried out with direct measurement of light scattering from individual particles; other techniques may be required for smaller particles, such as preliminary growth by condensation before particle measurement. Particle size data are referenced to the particle system used to calibrate the SPC. Differences in detection, electronic and sample handling systems among the various SPCs may contribute to differences in particle characterization. Care must be exercised in attempting to compare data from particles that vary significantly in composition or shape from the calibration base material. Variations may also occur between instruments using similar particle sensing systems with different operating parameters. These effects should be recognized and minimized by using standard methods for SPC calibration and operation. In applying this practice, the fundamental assumption is made that the particles in the sample passing through the SPC are representative of the particles in the entire dust-controlled area being analyzed. Care is required that good sampling procedures are used and that no artifacts are produced at any point in the sample handling and analysis process; these precautions are necessary both in verification and in operation of the SPC.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the particle concentration, by number, and the size distribution of airborne particles in dust-controlled areas and clean rooms, for particles in the size range of approximately 0.01 to 5.0 [mu]m. Particle concentrations not exceeding 3.5 X 106 particles/m3 (100 000/ft3) are covered for all particles equal to and larger than the minimum size measured. 1.2 This practice uses an airborne single particle counting device (SPC) whose operation is based on measuring the signal produced by an individual particle passing through the sensing zone. The signal must be directly or indirectly related to particle size. Note 1-The SPC type is not specified here. The SPC can be a conventional optical particle counter (OPC), an aerodynamic particle sizer, a condensation nucleus counter (CNC) operating in conjunction with a diffusion battery or differential mobility analyzer, or any other device capable of counting and sizing single particles in the size range of concern and of sampling in a cleanroom environment. 1.3 Individuals performing tests in accordance with this practice shall be trained in use of the SPC and shall understand its operation. 1.4 Since the concentration and the particle size distribution of airborne particles are subject to continuous variations, the choice of sampling probe configuration, locations and sampling times will affect sampling results. Further, the differences in the physical measurement, electronic and sample handling systems between the various SPCs and the differences in physical properties of the various particles being measured can contribute to variations in the test resu......

Standard Practice for Continuous Sizing and Counting of Airborne Particles in Dust-Controlled Areas and Clean Rooms Using Instruments Capable of Detecting Single Sub-Micrometre and Larger Particles