PREFACE This document is one of 14 Aerospace Information Reports (AIR) of the Third Edition of the SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual. The manual provides a reference source for thermodynamics@ aerodynamics@ fluid dynamics@ heat transfer@ and properties of materials for the aerospace industry. Procedures and equations commonly used for aerospace applications of these technologies are included. In the Third Edition@ no attempt was made to update material from the Second Edition nor were SI units added. However@ all identified errata were corrected and incorporated and original figure numbering was retained@ insofar as possible. The SAE AC-9B Subcommittee originally created the SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual@ and@ for the Third Edition@ used a new format consisting of AIR1168/1 through AIR1168/10. AIR1168/11 through AIR1168/14 were create by the SAE SC-9 Committee.