This PAS applies to transducers such as loudspeakers, headphones, shakers, and other
actuators using either an electro-dynamical or electro-magnetic motor coupled with a
mechanical suspension. The measurement results are needed for engineering design
purposes and for quality control.
The measurement method provides the parameters of a non-linear large signal model (as
shown in Figure A.1) which describes the effect of the dominant non-linearities inherent in
those transducers. The basic terms and measurement conditions are defined for static and
dynamic methods.