The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly considering a) that the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service (AMS(R)S) provides communications relating to safety and regularity of flight (see Nos. 1.36 and 1.59 of the Radio Regulations (RR)); b) that there is a need to prevent harmful interference to the AMS(R)S; c) that the types of radiation which can cause harmful interference can differ widely depending on the particular technical and operational characteristics of the services involved; d) that it may not be possible in some cases to identify in detail the characteristics of the interfering radiation; e) that the radiations from potential sources of harmful interference are, or should be, subject to certain standards; f) that the practical control of harmful interference can only be effected by individual administrations; g) that Contracting States of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) are under certain obligations relative to the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for AMS(R)S; h) that RR No. 4.10 recognizes that safety services require special measures to ensure freedom from harmful interference; j) that a safety service must take considerable precautions to ensure that any radio service sharing the same radio band is constrained sufficiently to leave an adequate margin under all likely circumstances; k) that parts of the frequency bands allocated to the AMS(R)S are also allocated to the fixed service in certain countries (RR No. 5.359) on a co-primary basis and also conditionally authorized for AM(R)S (RR No. 5.357); l) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1234 was developed to recommend aggregate and single-entry interference protection criteria for the AMS(R)S.