This part of 60695 presents a general characterisation of small-scale test flames and associated confirmatory tests based on copper block calorimetry, and defines theoretical modelling for the associated dynamics. Guidance is presented for the selection of critical parameters in confirmatory test designs. A theory is presented to define additional performance parameters for confirmatory tests, enabling a precise implicit mathematical characterization of confirmatory test heating curves. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, whereever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.