ASTM D3274-09(2013)由美国材料与试验协会 US-ASTM 发布于 2009。
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4.1 The growth of fungi in and on the surface of paint films represents a major cause of discoloration or disfigurement of painted surfaces. Because of their dark pigmentation, it is frequently difficult to distinguish fungi from dirt or soil particles.
4.2 Use of Pictorial Standards:
4.2.1 The pictorial references that are part of this test method are for illustration purposes and may be used for visual comparisons.
4.2.2 The diagrams represent an idealized schematic of various growth levels on paint films. they are intended as a representation only, but will serve as a useful guideline to establish amount and type of growth.
4.2.3 The diagrams represented in Fig. 1 are not derived from a linear scale. The scale is intended to provide for more discrimination at the earlier stages of fungal or algal growth. It is at these levels that greater discernment is necessary.
(a)
FIG. 1 Early Stages of Fungal Growth
(b)
FIG. 1 Early Stages of Fungal Growth (continued)
有金属、氧化物、酸、碱等污物,清洗时,应根据污垢的特点,用强酸、强碱清洗或动用中和化学反应的方法除垢,然后再用水冲洗干净。使用酸碱清洗时,应特别注意安全,操作者应带橡胶手套防护镜,操作时要使用镊子,夹子等工具,不能用手取放器皿。光学玻璃表面发霉,是一种常见现象。当光学玻璃生霉后,光线在其表面发生散射,使成像模糊不清,严重者将使仪器报废。...
切忌把这类镜头浸泡在清洗剂中清洗;清洗镜头不得用力拭擦,否则会划伤增透膜,损坏镜头。清洗棱镜、平面镜的方法,可依照清洗镜头的方法进行。光学玻璃表面发霉,是一种常见现象。当光学玻璃生霉后,光线在其表面发生散射,使成像模糊不清,严重者将使仪器报废。光学玻璃生霉的原因多是因其表面附有微生物孢子,在温度、湿度适宜,又有所需“营养物”时,便会快速生长,形成霉斑。...
切忌把这类镜头浸泡在清洗剂中清洗;清洗镜头不得用力拭擦,否则会划伤增透膜,损坏镜头。清洗棱镜、平面镜的方法,可依照清洗镜头的方法进行。光学玻璃表面发霉,是一种常见现象。当光学玻璃生霉后,光线在其表面发生散射,使成像模糊不清,严重者将使仪器报废。光学玻璃生霉的原因多是因其表面附有微生物孢子,在温度、湿度适宜,又有所需“营养物”时,便会快速生长,形成霉斑。...
仪器清洗通常有两类方法: 机械清洗方法用铲、刮、刷等方法清洗; 化学清洗方法用各种化学去污溶剂清洗。具体清洗方法要依污垢附着表面的状况以及污垢的性质决定,以下介绍几种常见仪器和不同材料部件的清洗方法;① 玻璃器皿的清洗玻璃器皿又分为一般玻璃器皿和特殊玻璃器皿,附着玻璃器皿上的污垢大致有两类,一类是用水即可清洗干净的,另一类则是必须使用清洗剂或特殊洗涤剂才能清洗干净的。...
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