13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical subst 标准查询与下载

ASTM D3867-04 水中亚硝酸盐-硝酸盐的标准试验方法

Both test methods use identical reagents and sample processing. The only difference between the two methods is that one test method is automated and the other is manual. The ranges and interferences are identical. The automated test method is preferred when large numbers of samples are to be analyzed. The manual test method is used for fewer samples or when automated instrumentation is not available. These test methods replace Test Methods D 1254 (Nitrite) and D 992 (Nitrate). The nitrite test method (Test Method D 1254) used a reagent that is considered to be a potential carcinogen. The nitrate test method (Test Method D 992) has been shown to have relatively large errors when used in wastewaters and also has greater manipulative difficulties than the test method described herein.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and combined nitrite-nitrate nitrogen in water and wastewater in the range from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/L nitrogen. Two test methods are given as follows:SectionsTest Method A-Automated Cadmium Reduction9 to 16Test Method B-Manual Cadmium Reduction17 to 241.2 These test methods are applicable to surface, saline, waste, and ground waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1 and Note 2.

Standard Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water

ASTM D3868-04 微咸水、海水和盐水中氟化物离子的标准试验方法

Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is determined by comparison of the concentrations of their dissolved constituents. The results are used to evaluate the origin of the water, determine if it is a possible pollutant, or if it is related to a potential source of a valuable mineral. For example, in geochemical studies some correlation data indicate that fluoride is an indirect indicator of the presence of lithium. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble fluoride ions in brackish water, seawater and brines by use of a fluoride selective electrode. 1.2 Samples containing from 1.0 to 25 mg/L can be analyzed by this test method. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D512-04 测定水中氯离子含量的标准试验方法

Chloride ion is under regulation in water, and must, therefore, be measured accurately. It is highly detrimental to high-pressure boiler systems and to stainless steel, so monitoring is essential for prevention of damage. Chloride analysis is widely used as a tool for estimating the cycles of concentration, such as in cooling tower applications. Processing waters and pickling solutions used in the food processing industries also require dependable methods of analysis for chloride.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of chloride ion in water, wastewater (Test Method C only), and brines. The following three test methods are included:SectionsTest Method A (Mercurimetric Titration)7 to 14Test Method B (Silver Nitrate Titration)15 to 21Test Method C (Ion-Selective Electrode Method)22 to 291.2 Test Methods A, B, and C were validated under Practice D2777 - 77, and only Test Method B conforms also to Practice D 2777 - 86. Refer to Sections 14, 21, and 29 for further information.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 26.1.1.1.4 A former colorimetric test method was discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water

ASTM D1179-04 水中氟化物离子的标准测试方法

Simple and complex fluoride ions are found in natural waters. Fluoride forms complexing ions with silicon, aluminum, and boron. These complexes may originate from the use of fluorine compounds by industry. Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries is practiced by a large number of communities in this country. Fluoride is monitored to assure that an optimum treatment level of 1.4 to 2.4 mg/L, depending on the corresponding range of ambient temperatures of 32 to 10°C, is maintained.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of fluoride ion in water. The following two test methods are given: SectionsTest Method A-Distillation7 to 13 Test Method B-Ion Selective Electrode14 to 221.2 Test Method A covers the accurate measurement of total fluoride in water through isolation of the fluoride by distillation and subsequent measurement in the distillate by use of the ion selective electrode (ISE) method. The procedure covers the range from 0.1 to 2.6 mg/L of fluoride.1.3 Test Method B covers the accurate measurement of simple fluoride ion in water by means of an ion selective electrode. With this test method, distillation is eliminated because the electrode is not affected by the interferences common to colorimetric procedures. Concentrations of fluoride from 0.1 to 1000 mg/L may be measured.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 12.1.2.1.5 Former Test Method A, SPADNS Photometric Procedure, was discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water

ASTM D1426-03 水中氨态氮的标准测试方法

Nitrogen is a nutrient in the environment and is necessary to sustain growth of most organisms. It exists in several forms such as nitrate, nitrite, organic nitrogen such as proteins or amino acids, and ammonia. Ammonia is a colorless, gaseous compound with a sharp distinctive odor. It is highly soluble in water where it exists in a molecular form associated with water and in an ionized form as NH4 +. The extent of association or ionization is dependent on the temperature and pH. It may also be toxic to aquatic life. The extent of toxicity is dependent upon species and extent of dissociation.7 Ammonia may occur in water as a product of anaerobic decomposition of nitrogen containing compounds or from waste streams containing ammonia.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of ammonia nitrogen, exclusive of organic nitrogen, in water. Two test methods are included as follows: SectionsTest Method A8212;Direct Nesslerization7 to 15Test Method B8212;Ion Selective Electrode16 to 241.2 Test Method A is used for the routine determination of ammonia in steam condensates and demineralizer effluents.1.3 Test Method B is applicable to the determination of ammonia nitrogen in the range from 0.5 to 1000 mg NH3N/L directly in reagent and effluent waters. Higher concentrations can be determined following dilution. The reported lower range is based on multiple-operator precision. Lower limits have been obtained by two of the twelve laboratories participating in the round robin.1.4 Both test methods A and B are applicable to surface and industrial waters and wastewaters following distillation. The test method for distillation given in has been used in the past to meet requirements for predistillation of samples being analyzed for ammonia.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 The distillation method now appears as Appendix X1 and is provided as nonmandatory information only. The automated colorimetric phenate method has been discontinued.

Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water

ASTM D6889-03(2011) 用固相微萃取法(SPME)快速筛选水中挥发性有机化合物的标准操作规程

This practice provides a general procedure for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of volatile organic compounds from the headspace of an aqueous matrix. Absorbent extraction is used as the initial step in the extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of screening and subsequently estimating the concentration of the volatile organic components found in water samples. This information may then be used to determine whether a sample may be analyzed directly by purge and trap or headspace or will require dilution prior to analysis. Typical detection limits that can be achieved using SPME techniques with gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FlD) range from milligrams per litre (mg/L) to micrograms per litre (μg/L). The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of this test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the aqueous matrix, the fiber phase, the sample temperature, sample volume, sample mixing, and the determinative technique employed. Solid phase microextraction has the advantage of speed, reproducibility, simplicity, no solvent, small sample size, and automation. Extraction devices vary from a manual SPME fiber holder to automated commercial devices specifically designed for SPME. A partial list of volatile organic compounds that can be screened by this practice is shown in Table 1.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the screening of trace levels of volatile organic compounds in water samples by headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with fast gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. 1.2 The results from this screening procedure are used to estimate analyte concentrations to prevent contamination of purge and trap or headspace analytical systems. 1.3 The compounds of interest must have a greater affinity for the SPME absorbent polymer or adsorbent than the sample matrix or headspace phase in which they reside. 1.4 Not all of the analytes which can be determined by SPME are addressed in this practice. The applicability of the absorbent polymer, adsorbent or combination to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use. 1.5 Where used it is the responsibility of the user to validate the application of SPME to the analytes of interest. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Practice for Fast Screening for Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)

ASTM D5463-03 水中无机成分测量用整套试验工具使用的标准指南

Inorganic constituents in water and wastewater must be identified and measured to support effective water quality monitoring and control programs. Currently, one of the simplest, most practical and cost effective means of accomplishing this is through the use of chemical test kits and refills. A more detailed discussion is presented in ASTM STP 1102.8 Test kits have been accepted for many applications, including routine monitoring, compliance reporting, rapid screening, trouble investigation, and tracking contaminant source. Test kits offer time-saving advantages to the user. They are particularly appropriate for field use and usually are easy to use. Users do not need to have a high level of technical expertise. Relatively unskilled staff can be trained to make accurate determinations using kits that include a premixed liquid reagent, premeasured reagent (tablets, powders, or glass ampoules), and premeasured sample (evacuated glass ampoules).1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the use of test kits for quantitative determination of analytes in water and wastewater. Test kits are available from various manufacturers for the determination of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water, surface or ground waters, domestic and industrial feedwaters and wastes, and water used in power generation and steam raising. See Table 1 for a listing of some of the types of kits that are available for various inorganic analytes in water.1.2 Ranges, detection limits, sensitivity, accuracy, and susceptibility to interferences vary from kit to kit, depending on the methodology selected by the manufacturer. In some cases, kits are designed to replicate exactly an official test method of a standard-setting organization such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Public Health Association (APHA), ASTM, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In other cases, minor modifications of official test methods are made for various reasons, such as to improve performance, operator convenience, or ease of use. Adjustments may be made to sample size, reagent volumes and concentrations, timing, and details of the analytical finish. In yet other cases, major changes may be made to the official test method, such as the omission of analytical steps, change of the analytical finish, omission of reagents, or substitution of one reagent for another. Reagents in test kits are often combined to obtain a fewer number and make the test easier to use. Additives may also be used to minimize interferences and to make the reagent more stable with time. A kit test method may be based on a completely different technology, not approved by any official or standard-setting organization. Combinations of test kits8212;multi-parameter test kits8212;may be packaged to satisfy the requirements of a particular application conveniently. The test kits in such combination products may be used to make dozens of determinations of several parameters.1.3 Test kit reagent refills are commonly available from manufacturers. Refills permit cost savings through reuse of the major test kit components.1.4 Because of the wide differences among kits and methodologies for different analytes, universal instructions cannot be provided. Instead, the user should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular kit.1.5 A test kit or kit component should not be used after the manufacturer''s expiration date; it is the user''s responsibility to determine that the performance is satisfactory.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For ......

Standard Guide for Use of Test Kits to Measure Inorganic Constituents in Water

ASTM D3645-03 水中铍含量的标准试验方法

These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:ConcentrationRange SectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct10 to 500 956;g/L7 to 16Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace10 to 50 956;g/L17 to 251.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12 and 23.4.

Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

ASTM D3559-03 水中铅含量的标准试验方法

The test for lead is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for lead in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the lead content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows:ConcentrationRangeSectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct1.0 to 10 mg/L7 to 15Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction100 to 1000 956;g/L16 to 24Test Method C-Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry1 to 100 956;g/L25 to 35Test Method D-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 956;g/L36 to 441.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines. Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and a production plant process water.1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11, 23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1.

Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water

ASTM D4327-03 用化学压缩离子色谱法对水中阴离子的标准试验方法

Ion chromatography provides for both qualitative and quantitative determination of seven common anions, F−, Cl−, NO2−, HPO4−2, Br−, NO3−, and SO4−2, in the milligram per litre range from a single analytical operation requiring only a few millilitres of sample and taking approximately 10 to 15 min for completion. Note 28212;This test method may be used to determine fluoride if its peak is in the water dip by adding one mL of eluent (at 100× the concentration in 8.3) to all 100-mL volumes of samples and standards to negate the effect of the water dip. (See 6.3, and also see 6.4.) The quantitation of unretained peaks should be avoided. Anions such as low molecular weight organic acids (formate, acetate, propionate, etc.) that are conductive coelute with fluoride and would bias fluoride quantitation in some drinking waters and most wastewaters. Anion combinations such as Cl−/Br− and NO2−/NO3−, which may be difficult to distinguish by other analytical methods, are readily separated by ion chromatography.1.1 This test method covers the sequential determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, ortho-phosphate, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate ions in water by chemically suppressed ion chromatography. Note 1Order of elution is dependent upon the column used; see .1.2 This test method is applicable to drinking and wastewaters. The ranges tested for this test method for each anion were as follows (measured in mg/L):Fluoride0.26 to 8.49Chloride0.78 to 26.0Nitrite-N0.36 to 12.0Bromide0.63 to 21.0Nitrate-N0.42 to 14.0o-Phosphate0.69 to 23.1Sulfate2.85 to 95.01.3 It is the user''s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for other matrices.1.4 Concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/L were determined depending upon the anions to be quantitated, in single laboratory work. Utilizing a 50-956;L sample volume loop and a sensitivity of 3 956;S/cm full scale, the approximate detection limits shown in Table 1 can be achieved. If lower detection levels are required, the sensitivity may be improved by using a lower scale setting (< 3 956;S/cm) or a larger sample injection loop (>100 956;L). The analyst must assure optimum instrument performance to maintain a stable baseline at more sensitive conductivity full-scale settings.1.5 The upper limit of this test method is dependent upon total anion concentration and may be determined experimentally as described in Annex A1. These limits may be extended by appropriate dilution or by use of a smaller injection volume.1.6 Using alternate separator column and eluents may permit additional anions such as formate or citrate to be determined. This is not the subject of this test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appl......

Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography

ASTM D4191-03 原子吸收分光光度法对水中钠含量的标准试验方法

Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure. Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabolism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets. The use of sodium salts is common in industry; therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace amounts of sodium are of concern.1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line (see Test Method D 3561). Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D1253-03 水中残余氯的标准测试方法

Chlorine is used to destroy or deactivate a variety of unwanted chemicals and microorganisms in water and wastewater. An uncontrolled excess of chlorine in water, whether free available or combined, can adversely affect the subsequent use of the water.1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual chlorine in water by direct amperometric titration.1.2 Within the constraints specified in Section 6, this test method is not subject to commonly encountered interferences and is applicable to most waters. Some waters, however, can exert an iodine demand, usually because of organic material, making less iodine available for measurement by this test method. Thus, it is possible to obtain falsely low chlorine readings, even though the test method is working properly, without the user's knowledge.1.3 Precision data for this test method were obtained on estuary, inland main stem river, fresh lake, open ocean, and fresh cooling tower blowdown water. Bias data could not be determined because of the instability of solutions of chlorine in water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for untested types of water.1.4 In the testing by which this standard was validated, the direct and back starch-iodide titrations and the amperometric back titration, formerly part of this standard, were found to be unworkable and were discontinued in 1986. Historical information is presented in Appendix X1. Note 18212;Orthotolidine test methods have been omitted because of poor precision and accuracy.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water

ASTM D4130-03 微咸水、海水和盐水中硫酸盐离子的标准测试方法

The determination of sulfate and other dissolved constituents is important in identifying the source of brines produced during the drilling and production phases of crude oil or natural gas.1.1 This test method covers the turbidimetric determination of sulfate ion in brackish water, seawater, and brines. It has been used successfully with synthetic brine grade waters; however, it is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method to other matrices.1.2 This test method is applicable to waters having an ionic strength greater than 0.65 mol/L and a sulfate ion concentration greater than 25 mg/L. A concentration less than 25 mg/L sulfate can be determined by using a standard addition method.1.3 For brines having an ionic strength of less than 0.65 mol/L, refer to Test Methods D 516.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D3373-03(2007)e1 水中钒含量的标准测试方法

Vanadium can be found in waste that result from chemical cleaning of components in which the metal is alloyed. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems permits or other standards, or both, require monitoring pollutants in waste discharged onto the water shed of, or into, navigable waters, and those disposed of in such a manner that eventual contamination of underground water could result. This test method affords an accurate and sensitive means of determining compliance or noncompliance, or both, with those permits.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable vanadium in most waters and wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 The optimum range of this test method is 10 to 200 956;g/L of vanadium based on a 20-L sample size. Concentrations higher than 200 g/L may be determined by proper dilution of sample. A detection level as low as 4 956;g/L of vanadium has been reported.1.3 This test method has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, tap water, river water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, and well water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability or regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 Former Test Method A (Catalytic) was discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Method for Vanadium in Water

ASTM D2972-03 水中砷的标准试验方法

Herbicides, insecticides, and many industrial effluents contain arsenic and are potential sources of water pollution. Arsenic is significant because of its adverse physiological effects on humans.1.1 These test methods cover the photometric and atomic absorption determination of arsenic in most waters and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows: Concentration RangeSectionsTest Method A-Silver Diethyldithio-carbamate Colorimetric5 to 250 956;g/L7 to 15Test Method B-Atomic Absorption,Hydride Generation1 to 20 956;g/L16 to 24Test Method C-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 956;g/L25 to 331.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1 and 6.

Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water

ASTM D3352-03 微咸水、海水和盐水中锶离子含量的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble strontium ion in brackish water, seawater, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 Samples containing from 5 to 2100 mg/L of strontium may be analyzed by this test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines

ASTM D888-03 水中溶解氧的标准测试方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Two test methods are given as follows:Range, mg/LSectionsTest Method A-Titrimetric Procedure-High Level>1.08 to 14Test Method B-Instrumental Probe Procedure0.05 to 2015 to 231.2 The precision of Test Methods A and B was carried out using a saturated sample of reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 17.

Standard Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water

ASTM D1886-03 水中镍含量的标准测试方法

Elemental constituents in potable water, receiving water, and wastewater need to be identified for support of effective pollution control programs. Test Methods A, B, and C provide the techniques necessary to make such measurements. Nickel is considered to be relatively nontoxic to man and a limit for nickel is not included in the EPA National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. 7 The toxicity of nickel to aquatic life indicates tolerances that vary widely and that are influenced by species, pH, synergistic effects, and other factors. Nickel is a silver-white metallic element seldom occur-ring in nature in the elemental form. Nickel salts are soluble and can occur as a leachate from nickel-bearing ores. Nickel salts are used in metal-plating and may be discharged to surface or ground waters.1.1 These test methods cover the atomic absorption determination of nickel in water and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows:Concentration Range SectionsTest Method A-Atomic Absorption, Direct0.1 to 10 mg/L7-16Test Method B-Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction10 to 1000 956;g/L17-26Test Method C-Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace5 to 100 956;g/L27-361.2 Test Methods A, B, and C have been used successfully with reagent grade water and natural waters. Evaluation of Test Method C was also made in condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for other matrices.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Note 4, 11.7.1, 21.9, 23.7, and 23.10. Two former colorimetric test methods were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

Standard Test Methods for Nickel in Water

ASTM D3082-03 水中硼的标准试验方法

Because boron can be both essential and deleterious to plant growth, and because ingestion of large amounts can affect the central nervous system in humans, a method is required to determine its concentration in potable, natural, and wastewaters. This test method provides a means of determining the boron concentration of these waters. The holding time for the samples may be calculated in accordance with Practice D 4841. Boric acid is used for chemical shim control of neutron flux in a nuclear reactor. This test method serves to determine if the boron concentration is within acceptable limits.1.1 This test method covers the determination of boron in water and wastewaters by the curcumin colorimetric-extraction method in concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L. The range can be extended by dilution of the sample.1.2 Only dissolved boron is determined. This test method requires that the water sample be filtered through a 0.45-956;m membrane filter before analysis.1.3 This test method is a colorimetric method that is very sensitive to low concentrations of boron in water and requires a relatively small sample volume for analysis.1.4 Precision and bias were obtained on natural and wastewaters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boron In Water

ASTM D4658-03 水中亚硫酸盐离子的标准试验方法

Sulfide ion is found in ground waters and wastewater, causing odor and corrosion problems. If acidified, these waters can release hydrogen sulfide, which is extremely toxic even at low levels. This test method provides a means for interference-free measurement of free sulfide ion. Note 18212;Sulfide forms complexes with hydrogen ions (HS 1− and H2S). In addition, sulfide ion forms soluble complexes with elemental sulfur (S2 2−, S3 2−, S4 2−, etc.), tin, antimony, and arsenic ions.1.1 This test method uses an ion-selective electrode to determine sulfide ion in water. The test method is applicable in the range from 0.04 to 4000 mg/L of sulfide.1.2 Precision data presented in this test method were obtained using reagent water only. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for untested types of water.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Sulfide samples, when acidified, can release highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 2.

Standard Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water