49.060 (Aerospace electric equipment and systems) 标准查询与下载

ASTM F2799-14 维护航空器电气布线系统的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice is intended to be used as a standard wiring practice for aircraft when not contrary to standards published by the aircraft original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or regulations. This practice is intended to be used for maintenance and preventive maintenance of electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS). 4.2 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace any government specification or specific manufacturer’s instructions regarding EWIS maintenance or repair. 1.1 Definition—This practice defines acceptable practices and processes for the maintenance, preventative maintenance, and repair of electric systems in general aviation aircraft. This practice does not change or create any additional regulatory requirements nor does it authorize changes in or permit deviations from existing regulatory requirements. 1.2 Applicability—The guidance provided in this practice is directed to air carriers, air operators, maintenance providers, repair stations, and anyone performing maintenance or repairs. 1.3 Protections and Warnings—This practice provides guidance to minimize contamination and accidental damage to electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) while working on aircraft. 1.4 “Protect and Clean As You Go” Philosophy—This philosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion in operators’ maintenance and training programs. This philosophy stresses the importance of protective measures when working on or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses how important it is to protect EWIS during structural repairs, (STC) installations, or other alterations by ensuring that metal shavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such work are removed. 1.5 Units—The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Note 1—When SI units are required, refer to Annex 5 of ICAO. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Maintenance of Aircraft Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F2696-14 检验航空器电气布线系统的标准实施规程

4.1 The term “electrical system” as used in this practice means those parts of the aircraft that generate, distribute, and use electrical energy, including their support and attachments. 4.2 The satisfactory performance of an aircraft is dependent upon the continued reliability of the electrical system. 4.3 Damaged wiring or equipment in an aircraft, regardless of how minor it may appear to be, cannot be tolerated. It is, therefore, important that maintenance be accomplished using the best techniques and practices to minimize the possibility of failure. 4.4 When inspecting and evaluating EWIS, improper wiring, routing, or repairs shall be corrected regardless of the origin of the error. 4.5 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace any government specification or specific manufacturer’s instruction regarding electrical system inspection and repair 1.1 This practice covers basic inspection procedures for electrical wiring interconnect systems for aircraft electrical wiring systems. 1.2 This practice is not intended to replace any instructions for continued airworthiness published by the aircraft or accessory manufacturer or type design holder. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Inspection of Aircraft Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F319-09 航空航天用透明加热元件中裂纹的偏振光检测标准实施规范

This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time. This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product. This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns. 1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

ASTM F2799-09 飞机电线系统维护的标准的方法

This practice is intended to be used as a standard wiring practice for normal and utility category aircraft when not contrary to standards published by the aircraft original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or regulations. This practice is intended to be used for maintenance and preventive maintenance of electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS). This practice is not intended to supersede or replace any government specification or specific manufacturer’s instructions regarding EWIS maintenance or repair.1.1 Definition8212;This practice defines acceptable practices and processes for the maintenance, preventative maintenance, and repair of electric systems in general aviation aircraft. This practice does not change or create any additional regulatory requirements nor does it authorize changes in or permit deviations from existing regulatory requirements. 1.2 Applicability8212;The guidance provided in this practice is directed to air carriers, air operators, maintenance providers, repair stations, and anyone performing maintenance or repairs. 1.3 Protections and Warnings8212;This practice provides guidance to minimize contamination and accidental damage to electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) while working on aircraft. 1.4 “Protect and Clean As You Go” Philosophy8212;This philosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion in operators’ maintenance and training programs. This philosophy stresses the importance of protective measures when working on or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses how important it is to protect EWIS during structural repairs, (STC) installations, or other alterations by ensuring that metal shavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such work are removed. 1.5 Units8212;The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Note 18212;When SI units are required, refer to Annex 5 of ICAO. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Maintenance of Airplane Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F2696-08 机电线系统检查的标准实施规程

The term “electrical system” as used in this practice means those parts of the aircraft that generate, distribute, and use electrical energy, including their support and attachments. The satisfactory performance of an aircraft is dependent upon the continued reliability of the electrical system. Damaged wiring or equipment in an aircraft, regardless of how minor it may appear to be, cannot be tolerated. It is, therefore, important that maintenance be accomplished using the best techniques and practices to minimize the possibility of failure. When inspecting and evaluating EWIS, improper wiring, routing, or repairs shall be corrected regardless of the origin of the error. This practice is not intended to supersede or replace any government specification or specific manufacturer’s instruction regarding electrical system inspection and repair.1.1 This practice covers basic inspection procedures for electrical wiring interconnect systems for normal and utility category aircraft electrical wiring systems. 1.2 This practice is not intended to replace any instructions for continued airworthiness published by the aircraft or accessory manufacturer or type design holder. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Inspection of Airplane Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F2639-07e1 飞机电气布线系统的设计, 改造和认证用标准实施规程

Design8212;The design procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance in the original design of electrical systems. Alteration8212;The alteration procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance for modification of general aviation aircraft. Design of any modification shall follow the practices and processes defined in the design sections of this practice. Certification8212;Certification guidance provided in this practice is intended to provide generally accepted procedures and processes for certification of original and modified electrical systems and equipment. Requirements for certification shall be coordinated with the applicable National Aeronautics Association/Civil Aeronautics Administration (NAA/CAA) regulatory agency.1.1 Definition8212;This practice defines acceptable practices and processes for the design, alteration, and certification of electric systems and installations in general aviation aircraft. This practice does not change or create any additional regulatory requirements nor does it authorize changes in or permit deviations from existing regulatory requirements. 1.2 Applicability8212;The guidance provided in this practice is directed to air carriers, air operators, design approval holders, Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) holders, maintenance providers, repair stations, and anyone performing field approval modifications or repairs. 1.3 Protections and Cautions8212;This practice provides guidance for developing actions and cautionary statements to be added to maintenance instructions for the protection of wire and wire configurations. Maintenance personnel will use these enhanced procedures to minimize contamination and accidental damage to electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS) while working on aircraft. 1.4 “Protect and Clean As You Go” Philosophy8212;This philosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion in operators’ maintenance and training programs. This philosophy stresses the importance of protective measures when working on or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses how important it is to protect EWIS during structural repairs, STC installations, or other alterations by making sure that metal shavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such work are removed. 1.5 This practice includes the following sections: TitleSection Wire Selection5 General5.1 Aircraft Wire Materials5.2 Table of Acceptable Wires5.3 Severe Wind and Moisture Problems (SWAMP)5.4 Grounding and Bonding5.5 Electrical Wire Chart5.6 Wire and Cable Identification

Standard Practice for Design, Alteration, and Certification of Airplane Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F2639-07 飞机电气布线系统的设计、改造和认证用标准实施规程

Design8212;The design procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance in the original design of electrical systems. Alteration8212;The alteration procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance for modification of general aviation aircraft. Design of any modification shall follow the practices and processes defined in the design sections of this practice. Certification8212;Certification guidance provided in this practice is intended to provide generally accepted procedures and processes for certification of original and modified electrical systems and equipment. Requirements for certification shall be coordinated with the applicable National Aeronautics Association/Civil Aeronautics Administration (NAA/CAA) regulatory agency.1.1 Definition - This practice defines acceptable practices and processes for the design, alteration, and certification of electric systems and installations in general aviation aircraft. This practice does not change or create any additional regulatory requirements nor does it authorize changes in or permit deviations from existing regulatory requirements.1.2 Applicability - The guidance provided in this practice is directed to air carriers, air operators, design approval holders, Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) holders, maintenance providers, repair stations, and anyone performing field approval modifications or repairs.1.3 Protections and CautionsThis practice provides guidance for developing actions and cautionary statements to be added to maintenance instructions for the protection of wire and wire configurations. Maintenance personnel will use these enhanced procedures to minimize contamination and accidental damage to electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS) while working on aircraft.1.4 "Protect and Clean As You Go" Philosophy - This philosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion in operators maintenance and training programs. This philosophy stresses the importance of protective measures when working on or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses how important it is to protect EWIS during structural repairs, STC installations, or other alterations by making sure that metal shavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such work are removed.1.5 Values - The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. See Appendix X2 for SI-based prefixes and powers of 10.Note 1Where SI units are required, refer to Annex 5 of ICAO.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Design, Alteration, and Certification of Airplane Electrical Wiring Systems

ASTM F2339-06(2009) 轻型运动飞行器用往复式火花点火式发动机的设计和制造的标准实施规程

This practice provides designers and manufacturers of engines for light sport aircraft design references and criteria to use in designing and manufacturing engines. Declaration of compliance is based on testing and documentation during the design and testing or flight testing of the engine type by the manufacturer or under the manufacturers'' guidance.1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft

ASTM F2339-06 轻型运动飞行器用往复式火花点火式发动机的设计和制造的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, VFR use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft

ASTM F2490-05(2013) 航空器电器荷载和电源容量分析的标准指南

4.1 To show compliance with 14 CFR 23.1351, you must determine the electrical system capacity. 4.2 14 CFR 23.1351(a)(2) states that: 4.2.1 For normal, utility, and acrobatic category airplanes, by an electrical load analysis or by electrical measurements that account for the electrical loads applied to the electrical system in probable combinations and for probable durations; and 4.2.2 For commuter category airplanes, by an electrical load analysis that accounts for the electrical loads applied to the electrical system in probable combinations and for probable durations. 4.3 The primary purpose of the electrical load analysis (ELA) is to determine electrical system capacity (including generating sources, converters, contactors, bus bars, and so forth) needed to supply the worst-case combinations of electrical loads. This is achieved by evaluating the average demand and maximum demands under all applicable flight conditions. A summary can then be used to relate the ELA to the system capacity and can establish the adequacy of the power sources under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions.Note 1—The ELA should be maintained throughout the life of the aircraft to record changes to the electrical system, which may add or remove electrical loads to the system. 4.4 The ELA that is produced for aircraft-type certification should be used as the baseline document for any subsequent changes. When possible, the basic format of the original ELA should be followed to ensure consistency in the methodology and approach. 4.5 The original ELA may be lacking in certain information, for instance, time available on emergency battery. It may be necessary to update the ELA using the guidance material contained in this guide. 1.1 This guide covers how to prepare an electrical load analysis (ELA) to meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements. 1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Aircraft Electrical Load and Power Source Capacity Analysis

ASTM F2490-05e1 飞行器电气载荷和电源容量分析的标准指南

To show compliance with 14 CFR 23.1351, you must determine the electrical system capacity. 14 CFR 23.1351(a)(2) states that: 4.2.1 For normal, utility, and acrobatic category airplanes, by an electrical load analysis or by electrical measurements that account for the electrical loads applied to the electrical system in probable combinations and for probable durations; and 4.2.2 For commuter category airplanes, by an electrical load analysis that accounts for the electrical loads applied to the electrical system in probable combinations and for probable durations. The primary purpose of the electrical load analysis (ELA) is to determine electrical system capacity (including generating sources, converters, contactors, bus bars, and so forth) needed to supply the worst-case combinations of electrical loads. This is achieved by evaluating the average demand and maximum demands under all applicable flight conditions. A summary can then be used to relate the ELA to the system capacity and can establish the adequacy of the power sources under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions. Note 18212;The ELA should be maintained throughout the life of the aircraft to record changes to the electrical system, which may add or remove electrical loads to the system. The ELA that is produced for aircraft-type certification should be used as the baseline document for any subsequent changes. When possible, the basic format of the original ELA should be followed to ensure consistency in the methodology and approach. The original ELA may be lacking in certain information, for instance, time available on emergency battery. It may be necessary to update the ELA using the guidance material contained in this guide.1.1 This guide covers how to prepare an electrical load analysis (ELA) to meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Aircraft Electrical Load and Power Source Capacity Analysis

ASTM F2339-05 轻型运动飞行器用往复式火花点火式发动机的设计和制造的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, day VFR use.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft

ASTM F2490-05 飞行器电气载荷和电源容量分析的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers how to prepare an electrical load analysis (ELA) to meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Aircraft Electrical Load and Power Source Capacity Analysis

ASTM F2339-04 轻型运动飞机用往复式火花点火式发动机的设计和制造的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of reciprocating spark ignition engines for light sport aircraft, day VFR use.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft

ASTM F319-91a(1997)e1 换翼控制飞机翼接口文件标准指南

1.1 This practice describes a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns. 1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

ASTM F319-91a(2003) 航空航天用透明加热元件中裂纹的偏振光检测标准实施规范

This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time. This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product. This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those which produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable. If another method (equally suitable for flaw detection) is designated for final optical inspection of the laminated part under power, the polarized light practice will not be required for the final inspection.1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements