71.100.70 (Cosmetics. Toiletries) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1207-14 腋下除臭剂的感官评估标准指南

5.1 The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products. 5.2 This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes. 5.3 Procedures of the type described herein may be used to aid in the communication of efficacy within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the various public communications media. Guidelines are suggested due to the need to determine the relative or absolute performance of experimental materials or of commercial products. 5.4 These procedures may be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with these procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation. 5.5 This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures which may be effectively used to provide the same clinical result. 1.1 This guide provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products. 1.2 This guide includes protocols for the selection and training of assessors, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analyses. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained assessors. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive. 1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production—eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1) .2 Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands. 1.3.1 Apocrine glands are found primarily in the axillary vault in conjunction with axillary hairs (3). Pure apocrine sweat is sterile and odorless and axillary odor results from degradation of apocrine sweat by resident skin bacteria (4). High bacterial populations are found in moist regions of the body, especially in the axillae, providing the appropriate environment for growth (5). 1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6). 1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7) . The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is ......

Standard Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy

ASTM E2613-14 测定采用成人指垫测定卫生洗手和擦手剂的除菌有效性的的标准试验方法

5.1 This in vivo procedure is designed to test the ability of hygienic handwash or handrub agents to eliminate fungal contamination from experimentally-contaminated hands. Since the two thumbpads and all eight fingerpads can be used in any given test, it allows for the incorporation of an input control (two), control for viable cells of the test fungus remaining after the inoculum has dried (two), fungal cells eliminated after treatment with a control or reference solution (two), and up to four replicates to assess the fungus-eliminating efficiency of the formulation under test. No more than 100 µL of the test fungal suspension is required to complete one test. 5.2 Whereas this test method is designed to work with fungi, similar ASTM standards exist for testing against viruses (Test Method E1838) and vegetative bacteria (Test Method E2276). 5.3 Infectious microorganisms left on hands after washing can be reduced further by drying the washed hands with paper, cloth, or warm air (5). A step for the drying of fingerpads after exposure to the control or test solution, therefore, has not been included to avoid fungal removal by the drying process itself. 5.4 This test method is not designed to test surgical hand scrubs or preoperative skin preps. 5.5 The level of contamination with viable fungi on each fingerpad after the drying of the inoculum should be at least 104 CFU so that it would permit the detection of up to a 4-log10 reduction in the viability titer of the test organism by a test formulation under the conditions of this test. This in itself does not represent the product performance criterion, which may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the nature of the formulation being evaluated. 1.1 This test method is designed to assess the ability of hygienic handwash and handrub agents to reduce levels of fungal contamination on hands (3) . This test method is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs (Test Method E1115) or preoperative skin preps (Test Method E1173). 1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to human experimentation.3 1.3 The test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (4). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Fungus-Eliminating Effectiveness of Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using Fingerpads of Adults

ASTM E2870-13 使用掌面和机械手抽样评估抗菌洗手制剂相对有效性的标准试验方法

5.1 Hand hygiene is important for preventing the spread of many types of infections. 5.2 During routine activities, it is primarily the palmar surface, comprising palms, fingers, and finger pads, of the hands that may become contaminated with transient microorganisms. The contamination could then be transferred to articles touched or handled or to other parts of the body. Palmar contamination is used in Test Method E2784. 5.3 In Test Method E1174, incomplete drying of the experimentally contaminated hands dilutes the applied test product, thus compromising its activity. Application of a smaller volume of the microbial test suspension keeps the soil load to a reasonable level while allowing the hands to become visibly dry prior to application of the test material and reference formulation. These modifications are aimed at producing a better approximation of in-use conditions and a more realistic assessment of the test substance, thus providing a more reliable indication of product performance. 5.4 Unlike Test Methods E1174, E2755, and E2784, this test method enables a direct comparison between two formulations on the same subject. The test method also uses a mechanical scrubbing machine in conjunction with the glove juice technique for more efficient recovery of viable test bacteria from the palms. The mechanical sampling results in greater recovery of bacteria from the palms than conventional recovery methods, such as massaging. 1.1 This test method covers and is designed to determine the relative effectiveness of antimicrobial handwashing agents in reducing transient microorganisms using a controlled handwash. 1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures. 1.3 This test method is used to evaluate topical antimicrobial handwashing formulations. 1.4 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects (21 CFR Parts 50 and 56). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Relative Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Handwashing Formulations using the Palmar Surface and Mechanical Hand Sampling

ASTM E1593-13 减少感官上接受的室内空气臭味程度的空气保养产品效果评定标准指南

5.1  The purpose of this guide is to assess the ability of air care products to reduce indoor air malodor intensity from a control state. Several experimental hypotheses are possible, depending on the objective of the test. Possible objectives with respective hypotheses are given in Appendix X1. 5.2 Air care products are sold commercially with the intent of providing a means of improving the odor quality of a volume of air, relative to some existing environmental condition. This typically involves the application of an odorous substance into the air space by means of some mechanical or physical mechanisms (for example, air fresheners). When the existing environment includes some undesirable odor source or malodor, reduction of the perception of the malodor is usually accomplished with other odorous substances by masking. This procedure is also applicable to other mechanisms of odor reduction (for example, air filtration). 5.3  Selection of representative malodor sources is of critical importance. The malodor source must be readily available and of a consistent odor quality. A reasonable malodor source should be chemically and aesthetically correct. The experimenter and client must agree upon the appropriateness of a malodor source before further details of the test design are worked out. Experimental variation will be reduced by using uniform malodor sources. Information collected on malodor reduction will thus be more comparable from experiment to experiment and from laboratory to laboratory. 5.4 The procedure recommended can be used for assessment of the malodor efficacy of air care product (for example, air fresheners and air filtration). 5.5 These procedures can be used to assess efficacy against any standard malodor. 5.6 These procedures are applicable in the assessment of any products that reduce the perception of any malodor, regardless of the mode of action. 5.6.1 These procedures are applicable to aerosol/spray and continuous/solid air freshener products, including candles. It should be noted that while aerosol/spray and continuous/solid and candle product evaluations are fundamentally the same, different treatment or measurement techniques may be necessary because of inherent differences in the product delivery systems. 5.6.2 These procedures are applicable to other air care products, including absorption, chemical reaction, and particulate removal. 5.7 This guide is designed for use for product research guidance in product formulation and new product development, and for quality control issues. 1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of indoor malodors for the purpose of assessing the deodorant efficacy of air care products. This guide is limited to static conditions only. 1.2 It is recognized that, though sometimes desirable, the use of actual “live” or formulated live malodors is often impractical due to the inherent variability of the malodor sources. A l......

Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Air Care Products in Reducing the Perception of Indoor Malodor

ASTM E2082-12 洗发剂特性的描述性分析标准导则

1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes pertinent to shampooing tresses, half and whole heads. Although this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures should be applicable to most hair-care products. 1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of terminology, procedures for manipulation of products, identification/selection of hair type, and assessor training. References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The user should be aware that some sensory practices may require the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the assessors.

Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance

ASTM E1490-11 润肤霜及乳液的两感官描述分析方法的标准指南

The procedures recommended in this guide can be used to assess the sensory characteristics before, during, and after usage of skin care products. This guide is applicable to product categories that include skin lotions and creams, facial moisturizers, hand lotions and creams, anti-aging lotions and creams, suntan lotions, personal repellents, and other skin care products. Procedures of the type described herein may be used to communicate perceived sensory properties within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the media. These guidelines are suggested to meet the need for ascertaining the performance of experimental and commercial products. These procedures are to be used by assessors who are screened for sensory acuity, trained to use their senses to evaluate products, and in the procedures outlined by the panel method of choice, either technical expert or consumer behavioral approach. This guide provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective in training skinfeel panels and providing sensory evaluation descriptions.1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures for two different descriptive analysis approaches that may be used to qualitatively describe the sensory attributes of skin creams and lotions and quantitatively measure their intensity, similarities, and differences over time. Descriptive analysis can be used to define the sensory experience of skin care products that can then be used to provide direction in product formulation, competitive assessment, ingredient substitutions, research guidance, and advertising claim substantiation. 1.2 Guidelines are provided to assist the reader in determining which approach best meets their research objectives, either the (1) technical expert or (2) consumer behavior approach to language development and evaluation. 1.3 Guidelines are provided for the selection and training of assessors, defining sensory attributes, measuring intensities on rating scales, developing procedures for the manipulation of the product alone and the product on the skin, product handling, and evaluation of skin condition before testing. 1.4 Units8212;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Two Sensory Descriptive Analysis Approaches for Skin Creams and Lotions

ASTM E2276-10 使用成人用指垫测定卫生洗手和擦手剂的除菌效果的标准试验方法

This in vivo procedure is designed to test the ability of hygienic handwash or handrub agents to eliminate selected types of bacteria from experimentally contaminated skin of the hands of adult subjects. Since the two thumbpads and all eight fingerpads can be used in any given test, it allows for the incorporation of an input control (two), control for viable bacteria remaining after the inoculum has been allowed to dry (two), bacteria eliminated after treatment with a control or reference solution (two), and up to four replicates to assess the bacteria-eliminating efficiency of the product under test. No more than 100 µL of the test bacterial suspension is required to complete one test. The results of testing with this test method may form the basis for confirmatory tests using a suitable whole-hand test protocol, such as Test Method E1174. Whereas this test method relates to testing with bacteria, it can be readily adapted to work with protozoa and bacteriophages. Similar methods for work with fungi (Test Method E2613) and viruses of human origin (Test Method ) are already ASTM standards. Potentially infectious microorganisms left on hands after washing can be reduced further by drying the washed hands with paper, cloth, or warm air (7). A step for the drying of fingerpads after exposure to the control or test solution, therefore, has not been included to avoid bacterial removal by the drying process itself. This test method is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs (Test Method E1115) or preoperative skin preps (Test Method E1173). The level of contamination with viable bacteria on each fingerpad after the drying of the inoculum should be five- to ten-fold higher than the product performance criterion required. For example, the titer in the dried inoculum on each fingerpad should be about 105 colony forming units of the test bacterium when a >104 reduction is required under the conditions of this test method.1.1 This test method is designed to determine the activity of hygienic handwash and handrub (4) agents against transient bacterial flora on hands and is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs or preoperative skin preps. 1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects. 1.3 The test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (5). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Bacteria-Eliminating Effectiveness of Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using the Fingerpads of Adults

ASTM E1207-09 腋下除臭剂的感官评定的标准实施规程

The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products. This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes. Procedures of the type described herein may be used to aid in the communication of efficacy within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the various public communications media. Guidelines are suggested due to the need to determine the relative or absolute performance of experimental materials or of commercial products. These procedures may be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with these procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation. This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures which may be effectively used to provide the same clinical result.1.1 This guide provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products. 1.2 This guide includes protocols for the selection and training of assessors, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analyses. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained assessors. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive. 1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production—eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1). Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands. 1.3.1 Apocrine glands are found primarily in the axillary vault in conjunction with axillary hairs (3). Pure apocrine sweat is sterile and odorless and axillary odor results from degradation of apocrine sweat by resident skin bacteria (4). High bacterial populations are found in moist regions of the body, especially in the axillae, providing the appropriate environment for growth (5). 1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6). 1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7). The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is caused by degradation of apocrine sweat by particular bacteria normally found in the axillary vault. 1.4 Personal care products are sold and used primarily for their ability to reduce the perception of body odor not only by the individual using the product but also by individuals within the scope of contact. Deodorant protection may be achieved by these products through various modes of action. Antiperspirants achieve their primary efficacy by means of the action of inorganic salts on the eccrine gland production of sweat. Antimicrobial agents achieve deodorancy by inhibiting the growth and activity of the microflora in......

Standard Practice for The Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy

ASTM E2613-08 利用成人试验液体卫生洗手剂的去除病毒有效性的标准试验方法

This in vivo procedure is designed to test the ability of hygienic handwash or handrub agents to eliminate fungal contamination from experimentally-contaminated hands. Since the two thumbpads and all eight fingerpads can be used in any given test, it allows for the incorporation of an input control (two), control for viable cells of the test fungus remaining after the inoculum has been allowed to dry (two), fungal cells eliminated after treatment with a control or reference solution (two), and up to four replicates to assess the fungus-eliminating efficiency of the formulation under test. No more than 100 µL of the test fungal suspension is required to complete one test. Whereas this test method is designed to work with fungi, similar ASTM standards exist for testing against viruses (Test Method E 1838) and vegetative bacteria (Test Method E 2276). Infectious microorganisms left on hands after washing can be reduced further by drying the washed hands with paper, cloth, or warm air (5). A step for the drying of fingerpads after exposure to the control or test solution, therefore, has not been included to avoid fungal removal by the drying process itself. This test method is not meant for testing surgical hand scrubs or preoperative skin preps. The level of contamination with viable fungi on each fingerpad after the drying of the inoculum should be at least 104 CFU so that it would permit the detection of up to a 4-log10 reduction in the viability titer of the test organism by a test formulation under the conditions of this test. This in itself does not represent the product performance criterion, which may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the nature of the formulation being evaluated. 1.1 This test method is designed to assess the ability of hygienic handwash and handrub agents to reduce levels of fungal contamination on hands (3). This test method is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs (Test Method E 1115) or preoperative skin preps (Test Method E 1173). 1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to human experimentation. 1.3 The test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (4). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Fungus-Eliminating Effectiveness of Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using Fingerpads of Adults

ASTM E640-06 含水化装品中防腐剂的标准试验方法

This test method should be used to determine if a preservative or preservative system has application for the preservation of water-miscible cosmetic products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the suitability of preservatives for use in cosmetic formulations. It sets minimal requirements for preservative performance in model formulations.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preservatives in Water-Containing Cosmetics

ASTM E2049-06 合格审核员对洗发剂和护发素香味/气味的定量属性评估用标准指南

This guide can be used to quantitatively assess the intensity of specific attributes of hair fragrance. This guide may be utilized for product development, research guidance, and quality control. These are suggested procedures and are not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may effectively provide the same or similar results.1.1 This guide covers standardized procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of fragrance/odor intensity or attribute intensity of fragrances in shampoo or hair conditioner base through all stages of use (point of purchase, lather, in use, wet hair after rinse, and dry hair) under laboratory conditions with trained assessors.This standard addresses the use of hair products and the equipment needed to use these products. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Quantitative Attribute Evaluation of Fragrance/Odors for Shampoos and Hair Conditioners by Trained Assessors

ASTM E1593-06 减少感官上接受的室内空气臭味程度的空气保养产品效果评定标准指南

1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of indoor malodors for the purpose of assessing the deodorant efficacy of air care products. This guide is limited to static conditions only. 1.2 It is recognized that, sometimes desirable, the use of actual "live" malodors is often impractical due to the inherent variability of the malodor sources. A true malodor source may be used when practical. However, the use of a formulated odor source has several advantages, including consistency and availability.1.3 The reader should be aware of good sensory practices when preparing the test environment or substrate, developing and training the panel.1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tool to address the experimental design.1.5 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide is not intended to support claims. If the research objective is claim related, then the researcher needs to refer to Guide E 1958.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6 and X3.6.3.7.

Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Air Care Products in Reducing Sensorly Perceived Indoor Air Malodor Intensity

ASTM E2082-06 洗发剂特性的描述性分析标准导则

The methods outlined in this guide can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the performance and sensory characteristics of shampoos. The methods described in this guide may be used for product formulation and research guidance as well as for quality control. These methods may be used by individuals who familiarize themselves with these procedures and who have previous experience with sensory evaluation. Variables that may affect results include, but are not limited to, water conditions (for example, hardness), hair type, and hair condition. These variables should be controlled or accounted for in the experimental design. These are suggested procedures and are not intended to exclude alternate methods, which may effectively provide the same or similar results.1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes pertinent to shampooing tresses, half and whole heads. Although this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures should be applicable to most hair-care products.1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of terminology, procedures for manipulation of products, identification/selection of hair type, and assessor training. References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The user should be aware that some sensory practices may require the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the assessors.

Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance

ASTM E640-06(2012) 含水化妆中防腐剂的标准试验方法

This test method should be used to determine if a preservative or preservative system has application for the preservation of water-miscible cosmetic products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the suitability of preservatives for use in cosmetic formulations. It sets minimal requirements for preservative performance in model formulations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preservatives in Water-Containing Cosmetics

ASTM E2276-03e1 用成人受验者的指形垫片测定卫生洗手和擦手剂除菌效果的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is designed to determine the activity of hygienic handwash and handrub (4) agents against transient bacterial flora on hands and is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs or preoperative skin preps.1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects.1.3 The test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (5).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Bacteria-Eliminating Effectiveness of Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using the Fingerpads of Adult Subjects

ASTM E1490-03 皮肤对脂膏及洗剂的感觉描述性分析的标准实施规程

The procedure recommended in this practice can be used to assess the sensory appearance and tactile properties of lotions and creams or ointment. This practice is applicable to product categories that include skin lotions and creams; facial moisturizers; hand lotions and creams; and skin care products for which the appearance and tactile properties need to be assessed. Procedures of the type described herein may be used to communicate perceived sensory properties (appearance and feel) between manufacturers and to the consumer through the media. These guidelines are suggested to meet the need for ascertaining the performance of experimental or commercial samples. These procedures are to be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with the procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation. This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective in providing sensory evaluation descriptions.1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures that may be used in the design and analysis of studies of skin care products that compare qualitatively and quantitatively various sensory attributes and their intensity (or strength) over time. These properties can then be used to define the performance of skin care products to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance, and claim substantiation.1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of each product attribute or term, range of the rating scales, procedures for the manipulation of product alone and on the skin, selection and training of panelists, handling of products, and skin conditioning prior to tests.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions

ASTM E2276-03 用成人受验者的指形垫片测定卫生洗手和擦手剂除菌效果的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is designed to determine the activity of hygienic handwash and handrub () agents against transient bacterial flora on hands and is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs or preoperative skin preps.1.2 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects.1.3 The test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (5).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Bacteria-Eliminating Effectiveness of Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using the Fingerpads of Adult Subjects

ASTM E1207-02 腋下除臭剂的感官评定的标准实施规程

The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products. This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes. Procedures of the type described herein may be used to aid in the communication of efficacy within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the various public communications media. Guidelines are suggested due to the need to determine the relative or absolute performance of experimental materials or of commercial products. These procedures may be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with these procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation. This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures which may be effectively used to provide the same clinical result.1.1 This practice provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products.1.2 This practice includes protocols for the selection and training of judges, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analysis. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained judges. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive.1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production-eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1). Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands.1.3.1 Apocrine glands are found primarily in the axillary vault in conjunction with axillary hairs (3). Pure apocrine sweat is sterile and odorless and axillary odor results from degradation of apocrine sweat by resident skin bacteria (4). High bacterial populations are found in moist regions of the body, especially in the axillae, providing the appropriate environment for growth (5).1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6).1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7). The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is caused by degradation of apocrine sweat by particular bacteria normally found in the axillary vault.1.4 Personal care products are sold and used primarily for their ability to reduce the perception of body odor not only by the individual using the product but also by individuals within the scope of contact. Deodorant protection may be achieved by these products through various modes of action. Antiperspirants achieve their primary efficacy by means of the action of inorganic salts on the eccrine gland production of sweat. Antimicrobial agents achieve deodorancy by inhibiting the growth and activity of the microflora in the axillary vault thus reducing the microbial decomposition of sweat and the consequent production of body odor. Absorbents function either by "binding" available moisture or malodorous substances. Fragrances are effective by altering the perc......

Standard Practice for The Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodorancy

ASTM E2082-00 洗发剂特性的描述性分析标准导则

1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes pertinent to shampooing tresses, half and whole heads. Although this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures should be applicable to most hair-care products.1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of terminology, procedures for manipulation of products, identification/selection of hair type, and judge training. References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The user should be aware that some sensory practices may require the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the judges.

Standard Guide for Descriptive Analysis of Shampoo Performance

ASTM E1490-92(1997) 护肤霜和洗液的两种感官描述分析方法的标准指南

1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures that may be used in the design and analysis of studies of skin care products that compare qualitatively and quantitatively various sensory attributes and their intensity (or strength) over time. These properties can then be used to define the performance of skin care products to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance, and claim substantiation. 1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of each product attribute or term, range of the rating scales, procedures for the manipulation of product alone and on the skin, selection and training of panelists, handling of products, and skin conditioning prior to tests. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions