75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6750-08 高速单缸柴油发动机机油评价的标准试验方法2014；1K程序（0.4%燃料硫）和1N程序（0.04%燃料硫）

These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally 0.4 % by mass. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273. The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than 0.05 % mass sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321. These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D 4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509). These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % fuel sulfur) procedure. The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D 4485. 1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures, also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A15). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements appear throughout the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards that shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A16 on Safety Precautions). 1.5 The following is the Table of Contents: Section Introduction Scope1 Referenced documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Methods

Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginex2014;1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

ASTM D6074-08 烃类润滑基油特性的标准指南

The consistent performance of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils is a critical factor in a wide variety of applications such as engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids. In addition, in many of these applications humans are exposed to the base oils as a component of a formulated product such that health or safety considerations may need to be addressed. This guide suggests a compilation of properties and potential contaminants that are understood by those knowledgeable in the manufacture and use of hydrocarbon lubricants to be of significance in some or all applications. A discussion of each of the suggested properties and potential contaminants is provided in Appendix X1, with each listed alphabetically within four categories. Potential sources of base oil variation include the raw material, manufacturing process, operating conditions, storage, transportation, and blending. The test methods, base oil properties, and potential contaminants suggested are those that would likely be useful in many common situations, although it is recognized that there are specific applications and situations that could have different requirements. Performance testing related to the specific application should serve as the basis for acceptability. Issues such as frequency of testing and the specifics of how the test results are to be applied are not addressed in detail. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. This guide serves as a basis for that discussion.1.1 This guide suggests physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods for characterizing hydrocarbon lubricant base oils derived from various refining processes including re-refining used oils and refining crude oil. This guide does not purport to cover all tests which could be employed. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. 1.2 This guide applies only to base oils and not to finished lubricants. 1.3 This guide is relevant to base oils composed of hydrocarbons and intended for use in formulating products including automotive and industrial lubricants. These base oils would typically have a viscosity of approximately 2 to 40 mm2/s (cSt) at 100°C (50 to 3740 SUS at 100°F). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils

ASTM D6121-08a 在低速和高扭矩条件下评定准双曲面驱动轴用润滑剂承载能力的标准试验方法

This test method measures a lubricant''s ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both. This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560. STP-512A. SAE J308. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. SAE J2360.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test. This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation. 1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles

ASTM D7484-08 康明斯ISB中型柴油发动机配气机构磨损性能用汽车发动机油评价的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware. The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9-L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units, inch-pound units, or other units are to be regarded separately as the primary units. 1.2.1 For each parameter, the primary units are shown first. Secondary units may be shown in parentheses, for information purposes only. These secondary units may or may not be exact equivalents to the primary units. 1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.2.3 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2.1 and 1.2.2. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions. 1.4 Table of Contents: Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents7 Preparation of Apparatus8 Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests9 Test Procedure10 Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity11 Report13 Precision and Bias14 Annexes Safety PrecautionsAnnex A1 Intake Air AftercoolerAnnex A2 The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts KitAnnex A3 Sensor L......

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

ASTM D6557-08 评价汽车发动机油防锈特性的标准试验方法

This bench test method was designed as a replacement for Test Method D 5844. Test Method D 5844 was designed to measure the ability of an engine oil to protect valve train components against rusting or corrosion under low temperature, short-trip service, and was correlated with vehicles in that type of service prior to 1978. Correlation between these two test methods has been demonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) procedure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of fluid lubricants. The procedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automotive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service conditions. 1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) to update this test method. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the center. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1-7.1.3 and 8.2.1.1.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils

ASTM D5704-08 手动变速器和终传动轴用润滑油热稳定性和氧化稳定性评估的标准试验方法

This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies. This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service, SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard except for the catalyst weight loss and oil weight measurements, for which the unit is gram; the oil volume, for which the unit is millilitre; the alternator output, for which the unit is watt; and the air flow, for which the unit is milligram per minute. The other SI values, which are in parentheses, are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles

ASTM D7455-08 石油产品和润滑剂的元素分析用样品制备的标准实施规程

Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these test methods require little to no sample preparation; some others require only simple dilutions; while others require elaborate sample decomposition before the product is analyzed for its elemental content. Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier. Uniform practice for sample preparation is beneficial in standardizing the procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques. 1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations. 1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required. 1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations. 1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis

ASTM D1662-08(2014) 切削润滑油中活性硫的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method measures the quantity of sulfur available to react with metallic surfaces to form solid lubricating aids at the temperature of the test. Rates of reaction are metal type, temperature, and time dependent. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of active sulfur in cutting oils. This test method applies to sulfur reactive with copper powder at a temperature of 150°C (302°F) in cutting fluids containing both natural and added sulfur. Note 1—It has not been established by ASTM Subcommittee D02.L0 as to how the active sulfur content thus determined may relate to field performance of the cutting fluid. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Active Sulfur in Cutting Oils

ASTM D4485-08 活性API服务类别发动机油性能标准规范

1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment. 1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or ocean-going vessels. 1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating conditions. 1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the engine tests in this specification. 1.5 The test procedures referred to in this specification that are not yet standards are listed in Table 1. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils

ASTM D6823-08 掺有废润滑油的商用锅炉燃料标准规范

1.1 This specification covers four grades of fuel oil made of at least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in residential heaters. 1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for applications where Specification D 6448 would not meet the performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in question. Note 18212;For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1. 1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does not address the frequency with which any particular test must be run. 1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive. In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain criteria before use as a fuel. Note 28212;For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers, and burners, see 40 CFR Part 279. Note 38212;The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception8212;Table 1 and Table X1.1 include inch-pound values in parentheses for information only. TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Non-Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils PropertiesTest MethodALimitsB RFC4RFC5LRFC5HRFC6 Physical Viscosity at 100°C mm2/sCD 445 min. . .. . .5.09.015.0

Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils

ASTM D5293-08 用冷起动模拟装置在-5℃和-30℃之间测量发动机油表面粘度的标准试验方法

The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-49 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.8°C and between 2000 and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.9°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D 2602 and CRC Report 409. Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –1 and –40°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621. A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 down to –40°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W). The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations.1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –5 and –35°C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 900 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2. 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35176;C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator

ASTM D2273-08(2012) 润滑油中痕量沉积物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace amounts (less than 0.05 volume8201;%) of sediment in lubricating oils. Since oil-soluble material precipitated by the specified solvent is not intended as part of the measured sediment, the test method is not applicable in cases where precipitated oil-soluble components will appreciably contribute to the sediment readings. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils

ASTM D3607-08(2012) 汽提法从用过的发动机机油中脱除挥发性杂质的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a standardized procedure for removing volatile materials such as gasoline and water from used engine oils prior to further oil analysis. 1.2 It also provides an estimate of such volatiles in used engine oils. 1.3 When an accurate value of the gasoline contaminant is required either Test Methods D322 or D3525 shall be used.Note 1???Test Method D322 determines the amount of gasoline by distillation with water. Test Method D3525 determines the amount of material boiling below the boiling point of n???tetradecane by gas chromatography.Note 2???When the amount of gasoline is required to be known, the user of this test method is advised to determine which method is to be used. There are cases where D3525 may be set as the referee method. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 6.1 and 8.5.

Standard Test Method for Removing Volatile Contaminants from Used Engine Oils by Stripping

ASTM D5967-08 评定T-8柴油发动机中柴油发动机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate the viscometric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained from used oil analysis. The test method is used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8. 1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to as the T-8E and an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8A are identical to the T-8 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 respectively. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-8 procedure. 1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are generally shown in parentheses when combined with SI units, and vice versa. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions. 1.5 A Table of Contents follows: Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 General Description6.1 The Test Engine6.2 Mack Test Engine6.2.1 Engine Cooling System6.2.2 Engine Oil System6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System6.2.4 Crankcase Aspiration6.2.5 Blowby Meter6.2.6 Air Supply and Filtration6.2.7 Fuel Supply6.2.8 Intake Manifold Temperature Control6.2.9 Engine Fluids7 Test Oil7.1 Test Fuel7.2 Engine Coolant7.3 ......

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine

ASTM D7098-08e1 用薄膜氧气吸收(TFOUT)催化剂B测定润滑剂氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

This test method was originally developed to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils combined with additives chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine oils and service. This test method is useful for screening formulated oils before engine tests. Within similar additive chemistries and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in certain engine tests. When oils having different additive chemistries or base oil type are compared, results may or may not reflect results in engine tests. Only gasoline engine oils were used in generating the precision statements in this test method.1.1 This test method covers the oxidation stability of lubricants by thin-film oxygen uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B. This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of petroleum products, and it was originally developed as a screening test to indicate whether a given re-refined base stock could be formulated for use as automotive engine oil (see Test Method D4742). The test is run at 160°C in a pressure vessel under oxygen pressure, and the sample contains a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water to partially simulate oil conditions in an operating engine. In addition, the test method has since been found broadly useful as an oxidation test of petroleum products. 1.2 The applicable range of the induction time is from a few minutes up to several hundred minutes or more. However, the range of induction times used for developing the precision statements in this test method was from 40 to 280 min. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception8212;Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1 and Annex A2, because these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Lubricants by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT) Catalyst B

ASTM D6984-08 按IIIF顺序评定汽车发动机油的标准试验方法 火花点火发动机

This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test method indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test method provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test method. The Sequence IIIF engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIE test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as: Specification D 4485, Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and SAE Classification J183.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. Note 18212;Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI or other units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: SubjectSection Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus6 Laboratory6.1 Drawings6.2 Specified Equipment6.3 Test Engine6.4 Engine Parts6.4.1 Engine Speed and Load Control6.5 Sequence I......

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D4742-08e1 用氧化薄膜吸收法对汽车发动机油氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase. The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry. This test method is intended to be used as a bench screening test and quality control tool for lubricating base oil manufacturing, especially for re-refined lubricating base oils. This test method is useful for quality control of oxidation stability of re-refined oils from batch to batch. This test method is useful for screening formulated oils prior to engine tests. Within similar additive chemistry and base oil types, the ranking of oils in this test appears to be predictive of ranking in engine tests. When oils having completely different additive chemistry or base oil type are compared, oxidation stability results may not reflect the actual engine test result. Other oxidation stability test methods have demonstrated that soluble metal catalyst supplies are very inconsistent and they have significant effects on the test results. Thus, for test comparisons, the same source and same batch of metal naphthenates shall be used. Note 28212;It is also recommended as a good research practice not to use different batches of the fuel component in test comparisons.1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160°C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm2/s (cSt) to 21 mm2/s (cSt) at 100°C, including re-refined oils. 1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence IIID. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception8212;Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1, because these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)

ASTM D1250-08 石油测量表使用的标准指南

The expanded limits of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) are defined in a mixture of terms of customary and metric units. Table 1 shows the defining limits and their associated units in bold italics. Also shown in Table 1 are the limits converted to their equivalent units (and, in the case of the densities, other base temperatures). Note that only the precision levels of the defining values shown in Table 1 are correct. The other values showing converted units have been rounded to the significant digits shown; as rounded values, they may numerically fall just outside of the actual limits established by the defining values. Table 2 provides a cross-reference between the historical table designations and the corresponding section in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD). Note that procedure paragraphs 11.1.6.3 (U.S. customary units) and 11.1.7.3 (metric units) provide methods for correcting on-line density measurements from live conditions to base conditions and then to compute CTPL factors for continuous volume corrections to base conditions. 4.4 When a glass hydrometer is used to measure the density of a liquid, special corrections must be made to account for the thermal expansion of the glass when the temperature is different from that at which the hydrometer was calibrated. The 1980 CTL Tables had generalized equations to correct glass hydrometer readings, and these corrections were part of the printed odd-numbered tables. However, detailed procedures to correct a glass hydrometer reading are beyond the scope of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD). The user should refer to the appropriate sections of API MPMS Chapter 9 or other appropriate density/hydrometer standards for guidance. 4.5 The set of correlations given in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) is intended for use with petroleum fluids comprising either crude oils, refined products, or lubricating oils that are single-phase liquids under normal operating conditions. The liquid classifications listed here are typical terms used in the industry, but local nomenclature may vary. The list is illustrative and is not meant to be all-inclusive. 4.6 Crude Oils8212;A crude oil is considered to conform to the commodity group Generalized Crude Oils if its density falls in the range between approximately –10°API to 100°API. Crude oils that have been stabilized for transportation or storage purposes and whose API gravities lie within that range are considered to be part of the Crude Oil group. Also, aviation jet B (JP-4) is best represented by the Crude Oil correlation. 4.7 Refined Products8212;A refined product is considered to conform to the commodity group of Generalized Refined Products if the fluid falls within one of the refined product groups. Note the product descriptors are generalizations. The commercial specification ranges of some products may place their densities partly within an adjacent class (for example, a low density diesel may lie in the jet fuel class). In such cases, the product shoul......

Standard Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables

ASTM D7038-08 汽车齿轮润滑剂耐湿腐蚀性评估的标准试验方法

This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion. The test method described in this standard may be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without the assistance of anyone not associated with that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A7). By this means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army lubricating oil specifications. The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A, SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

ASTM D4378-08 蒸汽和燃气轮机矿物油在运行中监测的标准实施规程

This practice is intended to assist the user, in particular the power-plant operator, to maintain effective lubrication of all parts of the turbine and guard against the onset of problems associated with oil degradation and contamination.1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the present condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targets. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines