A26 颜色 标准查询与下载

KS A 0065-2010 表面色视觉比较法

이 표준은 물체의 표면색을 시감에 의해 비교하는 방법에 대하여 규정한다. 다만, 완전 거울

Methods of visual comparison for surface colours

KS A 0064-2010 颜色相关术语

이 표준은 색에 관한 주요 용어(이하 용어라 한다.)와 그 뜻에 대하여 규정한다. 다만,

Glossary of colour terms

KS A 0114-2010 物体色条件等色度评估方法

이 표준은 기준광 아래에서 등색을 이루는 한 쌍의 시료(이하 조건 등색쌍이라 한다.)의 조

Evaluation method of degree of metamerism for change in illuminants

ISO 15076-1:2010 图像技术色彩管理.结构,文件格式与数据格式.第1部分:基于标准 ICC.1-2010

This part of ISO 15076 specifies the profile format defined by the International Color Consortium® (ICC). The intent of this format is to provide a cross-platform profile format for the creation and interpretation of colour data. Such profiles can be used to translate between different colour encodings, and to transform colour data created using one device into another device’s native colour encoding. The acceptance of this format by application and operating system vendors allows end users to transparently move profiles, and images with embedded profiles, between different systems. For example, this allows a printer manufacturer to create a single profile for multiple applications and operating systems. It is assumed that the reader of this part of ISO 15076 has a good understanding of colour science and imaging, such as familiarity with CIE, ISO and IEC colour standards, general knowledge of device measurement and characterization, and familiarity with at least one operating system level colour management system.

Image technology colour management - Architecture, profile format and data structure - Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2010

ASTM E313-10 根据仪器测定的颜色坐标计算黄色和白色指标的标准实施规程

This practice should be used only to compare specimens of the same material and same general appearance. For example, a series of specimens to be compared should have generally similar gloss, texture, and (if not opaque) thickness, and translucency. For yellowness measurement, this practice is limited to specimens having dominant wavelength in the range 570 to 580 nm, or Munsell hue approximately 2.5GY to 2.5 Y. For whiteness measurement, this practice is limited to specimens having Munsell value greater than 8.3 (CIE Y greater than 65) and Munsell chroma no greater than 0.5 for B hues, 0.8 for Y hues, and 0.3 for all other hues (see 3.3.1). The combination of measurement and calculation leading to indices of yellowness or whiteness is a psychophysical process, that is, the procedures specified are designed to provide numbers correlating with visual estimates made under specified typical observing conditions. Because visual observing conditions can vary widely, users should compare calculated indices with visual estimates to ensure applicability. Some standards addressing the visual estimation of color and color difference are Practices D1535, D1729, E1360, and E1541, and Guide E1499. This practice does not cover the preparation of specimens, a procedure that may affect significantly the quantities measured. In general, specimens should be prepared and presented for measurement in the manner that is standard for the test being performed. Select enough specimens or specimen areas to provide an average result that is representative of each sample to be tested. See Practice E1345.1.1 This practice provides numbers that correlate with visual ratings of yellowness or whiteness of white and near-white or colorless object-color specimens, viewed in daylight by an observer with normal color vision. White textiles, paints, and plastics are a few of the materials that can be described by the indices of yellowness or whiteness calculated by this practice. 1.2 For a complete analysis of object colors, by a specified observer and under a specified illuminant, use of three parameters is required. For near-white specimens, however, it is often useful to calculate single-number scales of yellowness or whiteness. This practice provides recommended equations for such scales and discusses their derivations and uses, and limits to their applicability (see also Ref (1) ). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

KS C IEC 60073:2009 人.机接口、标记和鉴别用的基本原理和安全原则.指示设备和调节器的编码原理

이 표준은 다음의 목적을 위한 특정 시각적, 청각적 및 촉각적 표시기에 고유의 의미를 부여

Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification－Coding principles for indicators and actuators

JIS Z 8726 ERRATUM 1:2009 勘误表

ERRATUM

JIS Z 8729 ERRATUM 1:2009 勘误表

ERRATUM

JIS Z 8722:2009 颜色测量方法.反射和发射物体

This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies a methods for measuring the colour of reflecting and transmintting objects (hereafter referred to as "colour")according to the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system

Methods of colour measurement -- Reflecting and transmitting objects

JIS Z 8730:2009 颜色规范.物体颜色的色差

This Standard specifies the method of specification of colour difference of object colours.

Colour specification -- Colour differences of object colours

ASTM E1164-09a 用光谱测得的数据评定物体颜色的标准实施规程

The most general and reliable methods for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through transformation of them, other coordinates for describing the colors of objects are by the use of spectrometric data. Colorimetric data are obtained by combining object spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E 308. This practice provides procedures for selecting the operating parameters of spectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed to obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of objects. 1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when spectrometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications. 1.3 Most sections of this practice apply to both spectrometers, which can produce spectral data as output, and spectrocolorimeters, which are similar in principle but can produce only colorimetric data as output. Exceptions to this applicability are noted. 1.4 This practice is limited in scope to spectrometers and spectrometric colorimeters that employ only a single monochromator. This practice is general as to the materials to be characterized for color. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation

ASTM E1331-09 用半球体几何形状的分光光度法测量反射系数和颜色的标准试验方法

The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system. This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses (Guide E179 and Practice E805): All types of object-color specimens to obtain data for use in computer colorant formulation. Object-color specimens for color assessment. For the measurement of plane-surface high-gloss specimens, the specular component should generally be excluded during the measurement. For the measurement of plane-surface intermediate-gloss specimens and of textured-surface specimens, including textiles, where the first-surface reflection component may be distributed over a wide range of angles, measurement may be made with the specular component included, but the resulting color coordinates may not correlate best with visual judgments of the color. The use of bidirectional geometry, such as 45/0 or 0/45, may lead to better correlations. For the measurement of plane-surface, low-gloss (matte) specimens, the specular component may either be excluded or included, as no significant difference in the results should be apparent. Specimens with bare metal surfaces for color assessment. For this application, the specular component should generally be included during the measurement. This test method is not recommended for measurement of the following types of specimens, for which the use of bidirectional measurement geometry (0/45 or 45/0) is preferable (Guide E179): Object-color specimens of intermediate gloss, Retroreflective specimens, and Fluorescent specimens (Practice E991). When there is doubt as to whether the specular component of reflection should be included or excluded, both measurements should be made, and the results correlated with visual judgments. Thereafter, the method with higher visual correlation should be utilized. When measurements of two specimens whose gloss, or texture, are substantially different from each other, are to be utilized in a color-difference comparison, generally the specular component should be included in each measurement. This has the effect of including in both measurements all the first surface reflections whether diffuse or specular. These first surface reflections are subtracted from each other in the color-difference equation, and differences in the body color remain, which is what is usually sought.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere. 1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most object-color specimens. However, it should not be used for retroreflective specimens or for fluorescent specimens when highest accuracy is desired. Specimens having intermediate-gloss surfaces should preferably not be measured by use of this geometry. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does n......

Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry

ASTM D2244-09b 仪器测量颜色坐标中允许色差和色差的计算用标准实施规程

The original CIE color scales based on tristimulus values X, Y, Z and chromaticity coordinates x, y are not uniform visually. Each subsequent color scale based on CIE values has had weighting factors applied to provide some degree of uniformity so that color differences in various regions of color space will be more nearly comparable. On the other hand, color differences obtained for the same specimens evaluated in different color-scale systems are not likely to be identical. To avoid confusion, color differences among specimens or the associated tolerances should be compared only when they are obtained for the same color-scale system. There is no simple factor that can be used to convert accurately color differences or color tolerances in one system to difference or tolerance units in another system for all colors of specimens. For uniformity of practice, the CIE recommended in 1976 the use of two color metrics. The CIELAB metric, with its associated color-difference equation, has found wide acceptance in the coatings, plastics, textiles and related industries. While the CIELAB equation has not completely replaced the use of Hunter LH, aH, bH, this older scale is no longer recommended for other than legacy users, and is therefore included in an Appendix for historical purposes. The CIELAB color-difference equation is also not recommended in this practice for use in describing small and moderate color differences (differences with magnitude less than 5.0 Δ E*ab units). The four more recently defined equations, documented here, are highly recommended for use with color-differences in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 ΔE*ab units. Users of color tolerance equations have found that, in each system, summation of three, vector color-difference components into a single scalar value is very useful for determining whether a specimen color is within a specified tolerance from a standard. However, for control of color in production, it may be necessary to know not only the magnitude of the departure from standard but also the direction of this departure. It is possible to include information on the direction of a small color difference by listing the three instrumentally determined components of the color difference. Selection of color tolerances based on instrumental values should be carefully correlated with a visual appraisal of the acceptability of differences in hue, lightness, and saturation obtained by using Practice D1729. The three tolerance equations given here have been tested extensively against such data for textiles and plastics and have been shown to agree with the visual evaluations to within the experimental uncertainty of the visual judgments. That implies that the equations themselves misclassify a color difference with a frequency no greater than that of the most experienced visual color matcher. While color difference equations and color tolerance equations are routinely applied to a wide range of illuminants, they have been derived or optimized, or both, for use under daylight illumination. Good correlation with the visual judgments may not be obtained when the calculations are made with other illuminants. Use of a tolerance equation for other than daylight conditions will require visual confirmation of the level of metamerism in accordance with ........

Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

ASTM D1535-08 用孟塞尔颜色系统规定颜色的标准实施规程

This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D 3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E 308 and E 1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

ASTM E308-08 用CIE体系估计物体颜色的标准实施规程

The CIE colorimetric systems provide numerical specifications that are meant to indicate whether or not pairs of color stimuli match when viewed by a CIE standard observer. The CIE color systems are not intended to provide visually uniform scales of color difference or to describe visually perceived color appearances. This practice provides for the calculation of tristimulus values X, Y, Z and chromaticity coordinates x, y that can be used directly for psychophysical color stimulus specification or that can be transformed to nearly visually uniform color scales, such as CIELAB and CIELUV. Uniform color scales are preferred for research, production control, color-difference calculation, color specification, and setting color tolerances. The appearance of a material or an object is not completely specified by the numerical evaluation of its psychophysical color, because appearance can be influenced by other properties such as gloss or texture.1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain CIE tristimulus values from spectral reflectance, transmittance, or radiance data for object-color specimens. 1.2 Procedures and tables of standard values are given for computing from spectral measurements the CIE tristimulus values X, Y, Z, and chromaticity coordinates x, y for the CIE 1931 standard observer and X10, Y10, Z10 and x10. y10 for the CIE 1964 supplementary standard observer. 1.3 Standard values are included for the spectral power of six CIE standard illuminants and three CIE recommended fluorescent illuminants. 1.4 Procedures are included for cases in which data are available only in more limited wavelength ranges than those recommended, or for a measurement interval wider than that recommended by the CIE. This practice is applicable to spectral data obtained in accordance with Practice E 1164 with 1-, 5-, 10-, or 20-nm measurement interval. 1.5 Procedures are included for cases in which the spectral data are, and those in which they are not, corrected for bandpass dependence. For the uncorrected cases, it is assumed that the spectral bandpass of the instrument used to obtain the data was approximately equal to the measurement interval and was triangular in shape. These choices are believed to correspond to the most widely used industrial practice. 1.6 This practice includes procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV (3). Equations for calculating color differences in these and other systems are given in Practice D 2244. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System

ASTM D1535-08e1 用孟塞尔色系规定颜色的标准实施规程

This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

DIN 6174:2007 根据接近均匀CIELAB色度空间的比色评估彩色座标和色差

This standard defines a method of calculating coordinates of the approximately uniform CIE 1976 (Lab) colour space from tristimulus values X, Y, Z. A colour-difference formula is given as a Euclidean distance in that space which may be used to quantify small colour differences especially for object colours.

Colorimetric evaluation of colour coordinates and colour differences according to the approximately uniform CIELAB colour space

ASTM E1164-07 用光谱测得的数据评定物体颜色的标准实施规程

The most general and reliable methods for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through transformation of them, other coordinates for describing the colors of objects are by the use of spectrometric data. Colorimetric data are obtained by combining object spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E 308. This practice provides procedures for selecting the operating parameters of spectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.1.1 This practice covers the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed to obtain precise spectral data for computing the colors of objects.1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when spectrometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.1.3 Most sections of this practice apply to both spectrometers, which can produce spectral data as output, and spectrocolorimeters, which are similar in principle but can produce only colorimetric data as output. Exceptions to this applicability are noted.1.4 This practice is limited in scope to spectrometers and spectrometric colorimeters that employ only a single monochromator. This practice is general as to the materials to be characterized for color.This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation

ASTM D2244-07 仪器测量颜色坐标中允许色差和色差的计算用标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D 4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space (1), CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units (3), the DIN99 color difference formula given in DIN 6176 (4), or the new CIEDE2000 color difference units (5).1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

KS S ISO 17398:2006 安全色和安全标志.安全标志的分类、性能和耐久性

이 규격은 예상되는 서비스 환경이나 주요 물질, 광도계의 특성, 조도의 정도, 설치 방법과

Safety colours and safety signs-Classification, performance and durability of safety signs