四、展望
从1991 年Fodor 提出芯片这个概念到现在,已有2 000 多篇各类与芯片有关的文章发表,其中绝大多数是在1999
年以后发表的。这说明基因芯片在最近二三年发展迅速,应用广泛。目前,对于基因芯片的研究朝着快速、高质量、准确的方向高速发展。虽然基因芯片仍有许多问题有待解决,但其前景一片光明。在未来流行病学领域中,基因芯片将在以下几个方面具有广泛的应用前景。
1. 传染病的快速诊断及监测:未来的传染病爆发后(尤其是大规模自然灾害爆发后) 的检测主要依靠基因芯片的快速初筛及诊断,做到24 h 内明确病因,为防疫工作者提供可靠的数据,是指导控制疫情的必要手段。
2. 分子流行病学资料分析:对于一些病因机制不清、病原体相关资料缺乏的传染病可以用基因芯片进行研究,为历史上爆发的传染病之间的联系提供新的线索。
3.
病因及流行规律的探究:随着人类基因组计划的完成,使一些遗传性疾病病因的分子机制得到了明确。基因芯片的使用将对这些遗传性疾病的流行机制的探讨会有很大帮助。同时,基因芯片还可用于一些慢病(如肿瘤、慢性传染病、原发性高血压等)
的早期筛查及普查。这比用传统的方法将更加准确、便宜、方便。可以预见,基因芯片随着成本的不断降低、准确性的不断提高,将成为流行病学研究中一个有力的工具。
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